A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between energy systems and running performance, especially during the last spurt in an 800-m race. The subjects were separated into good 800-m runners (group A n=5: best record, 1′54″3±1.4) and a second group of slower 800-m runners (group B n=4: best record, 2′02″1±1.3) . Each group executed two types of running test (600m test and 800m test) . To simulate an 800-m race, the running speed up to 600m was set by means of a lamp pace maker system. The last spurt was running 200m at maximal voluntary running speed. Plasma lactate, plasma ammonia, serum glucose and blood pH were assayed at rest, after warming up, and 6 and 10min after the running test.
The following results were obtained:
1) The last spurt time of group A was significantly faster than that of group B (p<0.01) . 2) In group A, plasma lactate and plasma ammonia concentrations increased significantly during the last spurt (p<0.05) . In group B, however, plasma lactate and plasma ammonia concentrations before the last spurt (600m test values) were very close to the values after the last spurt (800m test values), 3) Last spurt times were significantly related to changes in plasma lactate concentration (r=-0.870, p<0.01) and O² debt (r=-0.799, p<0.01) during the last spurt.
These results suggest that running performance during the last spurt in an 800-m race depends on anaerobic energy ability, as reflected by plasma lactate, plasma ammonia and O² debt before the last spurt.

We studied the incidence of associated ischemic heart disease (IHD) among 143 consecutive patients (male 118, female 25, mean age 68.5±6.9 years) operated upon for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), excluding ruptured aneurysms. The screening of IHD was routinely performed by using dipyridamole thallium scintigraphy, and when it was positive, the lesion was further confirmed by selective coronary angiography. More than 50% luminal stenosis of the major coronary arteries was judged positive for IHD. Sixty-two patients (43%) with AAA were simultaneously afflicated with IHD. We also compared the 62 AAA patients with IHD with the remaining 81 AAA patients in this series. The patients with IHD had higher incidences of risk factors such as diabetes mellitus (p=0.0031) and hyperlipidemia (p=0.0029) than those without IHD. Five patients were operated on for AAA after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 11 were operated on for AAA and IHD (CABG) simultaneously, 10 were operated on after PTCA, thirty-two patients underwent elective surgery for AAA and four had emergency procedures due to impending rupture of AAA with continuous infusion of nitroglycerin with or without diltiazem. There was no significant difference in surgical mortality between AAA patients with IHD and those without IHD (3%vs2%), and no cardiac death in this series. When both AAA and IHD are severe enough to warrant surgical treatments at the earliest opportunity, we recommend concomitant operations for AAA and IHD (CABG) since these have been performed quite successfully in our series.

Methods: This study included patients who underwent single-segment PLIF between January 2012 and December 2017. In total, seven patients underwent PLIF with PS (PS-PLIF), nine underwent PLIF with CBT (CBT-PLIF), and 15 underwent PLIF with PPS (PPS-PLIF). Results: No significant differences were noted in terms of operation time or intraoperative bleeding between the PS-PLIF, CBT-PLIF, and PPS-PLIF groups. However, the postoperative drainage volume in the PPS-PLIF group (210.1 mL; range, 50–367 mL) was determined to be significantly lower than that in the PS-PLIF (416.7 mL; range, 260–760 mL; p=0.002) and CBT-PLIF (421.1 mL; range, 180–890 mL; p=0.006) groups. In addition, the total amount of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative drainage was found to be significantly lower in the PPS-PLIF group (362.8 mL; range, 145–637 mL) than in the PS-PLIF (639.6 mL; range, 285–1,000 mL; p=0.01) and CBT-PLIF (606.7 mL; range, 270–950 mL; p=0.005) groups. Conclusions Based on our findings, evaluating surgical invasiveness using only intraoperative bleeding can result in the underestimation of actual surgical invasiveness. Even with single-segment PLIF, the amount of perioperative bleeding can vary depending on the way the posterior instrument is installed.

The sudden onset of anuria in a 71-year-old man was found to be caused by the non-inflammatory (atherosclerotic) large abdominal aortic aneurysm compressing the bilateral ureters. A computed tomography scan demonstrated the bilateral extrinsic ureteral obstructions due to the large aneurysm of 13cm in diameter, left hydronephrosis and no thick layer of perianeurysmal fibrotic tissue. On the 9th day from the onset of anuria, an emergency operation was performed. There was no fibrotic adhesions around the aneurysm and mobilization of the aorta was easy. A straight Dacron prosthesis was inserted between the infrarenal aorta and the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta following resection of the aneurysm of the atherosclerotic origin. Soon after the operation, the patient had very good urinary output with adequate recovery of renal function. This case seems to be very uncommon, but very important in the surgical management of abdominal aortic aneurysm complicated by oliguria or anuria.

We studied the incidence of associated ischemic heart disease (IHD) among 110 consecutive patients (males 99, females 11, mean age 66.0±8.8 years) operated upon for arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO). The screening of IHD was routinely conducted by using dipyridamole thallium scintigraphy, and when results were positive, the lesion was further confirmed by selective coronary angiography. More than 50% luminal stenosis of the major coronary arteries was judged as positive for IHD. Forty-eight patients (44%) of ASO were simultaneously afflicted with IHD. Ten patients were operated on for ASO after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), five for ASO and IHD (CABG) simultaneously, eight for ASO after PTCA. Twenty-five patients underwent surgery for ASO only with infusion of nitroglycerin, with or without diltiazem. We also compared 15 patients with thrombotic obliteration at the end of the abdominal aorta o: Leriche's syndrome with the remaining 95 patients in this series. The patients with Leriche's syndrome were younger and had higher incidences of hyperlipidemia (p=0.0254) and IHD (p=0.0225) than those without Leriche's syndrome. In surgical treatment for ASO, particularly for Leriche's syndrome, meticulous attention to complications is needed due to the frequent association of IHD. When both ASO and IHD are severe enough to warrant surgical treatment at the earliest opportunity, we recommend concomitant operations for ASO and IHD (CABG).