OBJECTIVETo investigate the genome structure variation (SV) related with keloid using the whole-gene resequencing technology.

METHODSWe studied a keloid pedigree containing 4 generation of 27 people. 5 people (4 cases of keloid patients, and 1 case of normal) were selected to extract the genomic DNA. Then the whole-gene resequencing technique was used to check the variations.

RESULTSThrough database comparison and variation annotation analysis, we obtained 2 SVs associated with keloid formation. We used DAVID software to do the gene ontology and pathway analysis. We found a 168 bp inversion in gene tetraspanin 8 (TSPAN8) in all keloid patients, which contained the forth exon of TSPAN8.

CONCLUSIONSThere was no report about SVs related to keloid. In this study, we found 2 SVs associated with keloid, especially TSPAN8. The tumor cells express the TSPAN8 can up-regulate the vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors, promote the adjacent fibroblasts secrete matrix metalloproteinases and uridylyl phosphate adenosine. So we hypothesis that the inversion of the forth exon in TSPAN8 may lead to the signal transduction disorder in the keloid patients. This study was a preliminary research. It needs a further study containing large sample to confirm.

Base Sequence ; Female ; Humans ; Keloid ; genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Tetraspanins ; genetics

Distant metastasis is the main cause of cancer death. Tetraspanins (transmembrane 4 superfamily, TM4SF) is capable of forming transmembrane complexes with integrin family participating in cell adhesion, migration and tumor metastasis. This review elucidates the structure of tetraspanins and its function in regulating metastasis as form of multimolecular transmembrane complexes with integrin.
Cell Adhesion ; Humans ; Integrins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; physiology ; Membrane Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; physiology ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tetraspanins

The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical significance of CD37 expression in B cells from B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL). The expression level of CD37 on B cells from bone marrow samples of normal controls (n = 19), B-ALL patients [including untreated cases (n = 5) and cases with minimal residual disease (MRD, n = 15)] and B-NHL patients (n = 25) whose bone marrow was involved by lymphoma cells, was detected by multiple parameter flow cytometry. The results indicated that the B cells from both untreated cases and cases with MRD lowly expressed CD37 (1.04 ± 0.24 and 1.50 ± 0.89), the normal precursor B cells (control cases) also lowly expressed CD37 (1.64 ± 0.52). There was no difference of CD37 expression level between 3 groups of cases(P > 0.05). Meanwhile the normal mature B cells and B-NHL cells highly expressed CD37 (14.23 ± 7.84 and 14.53 ± 10.93), but there was no difference of CD37 expression between them (P > 0.05). The comparison of CD37 expression level in normal B cells of development stages showed that the progenitor B cells lowly expressed CD37 (0.88 ± 0.17), the CD37 expression of precursor B cells was enhanced (2.44 ± 0.69), while the CD37 expression level of mature B cells was highest. It is concluded that the low expression of CD37 is not the characteristic of B- ALL cells. The expression level of CD37 increases gradually during the mature process of B cells, i.e, the expression level of CD37 does not associate with benignity or malignancy of B cells.
Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tetraspanins ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the biggest cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality because of its extremely metastatic nature. This study aimed to explore and evaluate the characteristics of candidate factors associated with the metastasis and progression of HGSOC. METHODS: Transcriptomic data of HGSOC patients' samples collected from primary tumors and matched omental metastatic tumors were obtained from three independent studies in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected to evaluate the effects on the prognosis and progression of ovarian cancer using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Hub genes' immune landscapes were estimated by the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database. Finally, using 25 HGSOC patients' cancer tissues and 10 normal fallopian tube tissues, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to quantify the expression levels of hub genes associated with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages. RESULTS: Fourteen DEGs, ADIPOQ , ALPK2 , BARX1 , CD37 , CNR2 , COL5A3 , FABP4 , FAP , GPR68 , ITGBL1 , MOXD1 , PODNL1 , SFRP2 , and TRAF3IP3 , were upregulated in metastatic tumors in every database while CADPS , GATA4 , STAR , and TSPAN8 were downregulated. ALPK2 , FAP , SFRP2 , GATA4 , STAR , and TSPAN8 were selected as hub genes significantly associated with survival and recurrence. All hub genes were correlated with tumor microenvironment infiltration, especially cancer-associated fibroblasts and natural killer (NK) cells. Furthermore, the expression of FAP and SFRP2 was positively correlated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, and their increased protein expression levels in metastatic samples compared with primary tumor samples and normal tissues were confirmed by IHC ( P = 0.0002 and P = 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study describes screening for DEGs in HGSOC primary tumors and matched metastasis tumors using integrated bioinformatics analyses. We identified six hub genes that were correlated with the progression of HGSOC, particularly FAP and SFRP2 , which might provide effective targets to predict prognosis and provide novel insights into individual therapeutic strategies for HGSOC.
Humans ; Female ; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology* ; Prognosis ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Transcriptome ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/therapeutic use* ; Tetraspanins/genetics* ; Protein Kinases ; Integrin beta1/therapeutic use*

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinicopathological significance and relationship of Tspan 1 and Integrin α6 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissue and pancreatic cancer cell lines.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Tspan 1 and Integrin α6 in 95 paraffin-embedded PDAC specimens and 55 adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic tissues which were collected from May 2004 to January 2013.Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detected the protein and mRNA expression in 16 paired fresh PDAC specimens of the pancreas and adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic tissues and 6 different pancreatic cancer cell lines.χ(2) test, Spearman-rank correlation analysis, Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

RESULTSTspan 1 and Integrin α6 were significantly over-expressed in PDAC than in adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic tissues (χ(2) = 7.429, P < 0.05; χ(2) = 15.1, P < 0.01). Lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and post-operation recurrence were positively correlated with the expression of Tspan 1 (χ(2) = 6.688, P < 0.01; χ(2) = 13.055, P < 0.01; χ(2) = 6.116, P < 0.05) . TNM stage was positively correlated with the expression of Integrin α6 (χ(2) = 8.896, P < 0.05) . Tspan 1 was correlated with Integrin α6 (r = 0.223, P < 0.05) . The expressions of Tspan 1 and Integrin α6 were negatively correlated with survival time (χ(2) = 5.263, P < 0.05;χ(2) = 10.124, P < 0.01) . Multivariate analysis revealed that Tspan 1 and Integrin α6 expressions were independent prognostic factors in PDAC patients (χ(2) = 6.152, P < 0.05; χ(2) = 9.479, P < 0.01). Western blot (t = 2.278, P < 0.05; t = 3.153, P < 0.05) and qRT-PCR (t = 2.439, P < 0.05; t = 3.258, P < 0.05) showed that Tspan 1 and Integrin α6 expressions were higher in PDAC tissues than in adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic. Tspan 1 and Integrin α6 were expressed in all six pancreatic cancer cell lines.In SW1990 which derived from metastasis PDAC, Tspan 1 and Integrin α6 expressions were higher than the cell lines from primary tumor.

CONCLUSIONTspan 1 and Integrin α6 expression can up-regulate the invasion and metastasis of PDAC and may be used to predict the prognosis of PDAC.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Integrin alpha6 ; metabolism ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tetraspanins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of TM4SF9 in the villi of early pregnancy, hydatidiform mole, invasive hydatidiform mole and chorionic carcinoma tissue.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TM4SF9 in normal villi of early pregnancy, hydatidiform mole, invasive hydatidiform mole and chorionic carcinoma tissues.

RESULTSTM4SF9 was expressed in the cytotroblasts but not in the syncytiotrophoblast of normal villi. The intensity of TM4SF9 expression increased in the order of normal villi, hydatidiform mole, invasive hydatidiform mole and chorionic carcinoma, with strong positivity rates of 0, 10%, 36.4% and 100%, respectively, showing significant differences between the samples (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONTM4SF9 expression in the trophoblasts may relate to their invasiveness and play an important role in the metastasis of trophoblastic tumor.

Adult ; Choriocarcinoma ; metabolism ; Chorionic Villi ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hydatidiform Mole ; metabolism ; Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Membrane Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Pregnancy ; Tetraspanins ; Trophoblastic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Trophoblasts ; metabolism ; Uterine Neoplasms ; metabolism

PURPOSE: Prostatitis is a common condition with a significant effect on quality of life. Even though the etiology of chronic prostatitis remains unclear, certain bacterial infections may play a major role. In recent studies, E. coli, one important etiology of urinary tract infection, was found to mediate invasion into the bladder epithelium after binding uroplakin Ia in the apical membrane of the urinary bladder. Because E. coli is also an important pathogen for bacterial prostatitis, we investigated the uroplakin mRNA expression in micro-dissected mouse prostates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We harvested the urinary bladder, ventral prostate, dorso-lateral prostate, and coagulating gland from 3 male imprinting control region (ICR) mice. The total RNA was extracted, cDNA was prepared, and finally the five target genes--uroplakin Ia, Ib, II, III, and beta-actin were amplified. We also examined the expressed sequence tags (EST) about above four uroplakin genes from mouse EST data. RESULTS: Uroplakin Ia, Ib, II, and III were expressed in the urinary bladder. However, only uroplakin Ia was definitively expressed in the ventral prostate. Uroplakin Ib and II were weakly expressed in the ventral, dorso-lateral, and coagulating prostate. Uroplakin III was not expressed in the prostate tissue. The mouse RNA transcripts in the EST data also showed similar results to uroplakin expression in the prostate. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the mouse ventral prostate may be an adequate locus for acute or chronic bacterial prostatitis study. Further in-vitro bacteriologic studies of the ventral prostate will help reveal the mechanisms of chronic bacterial prostatitis.
Actins ; Animals ; Bacterial Infections ; DNA, Complementary ; Epithelium ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Humans ; Male ; Membranes ; Mice ; Prostate ; Prostatitis ; Quality of Life ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Uroplakin Ia ; Uroplakin Ib ; Uroplakin III ; Uroplakins

No abstract available.
Antigens, CD82* ; Melanoma*

The potential use of urinary nucleic acids as diagnostic markers in prostate cancer (PCa) was evaluated. Ninety-five urine samples and 234 prostate tissue samples from patients with PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were analyzed. Micro-array analysis was used to identify candidate genes, which were verified by the two-gene expression ratio and validated in tissue mRNA and urinary nucleic acid cohorts. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure urinary nucleic acid levels and tissue mRNA expression. The TSPAN13-to-S100A9 ratio was selected to determine the diagnostic value of urinary nucleic acids in PCa (P = 0.037) and shown to be significantly higher in PCa than in BPH in the mRNA and nucleic acid cohort analyses (P < 0.001 and P = 0.013, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.898 and 0.676 in tissue mRNA cohort and urinary nucleic acid cohort, respectively. The TSPAN13-to-S100A9 ratio showed a strong potential as a diagnostic marker for PCa. The present results suggest that the analysis of urine supernatant can be used as a simple diagnostic method for PCa that can be adapted to the clinical setting in the future.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers, Tumor/*genetics/*urine ; Calgranulin B/*genetics ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nucleic Acids/*genetics/*urine ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Prostate/metabolism ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnosis/genetics/urine ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis/*genetics/*urine ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Neoplasm/genetics/metabolism ; ROC Curve ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tetraspanins/*genetics

BACKGROUND: Patients with diabetes mellitus often have a difficult life, suffering from foot ulceration or amputation. Diabetes is characterized by chronic inflammation, and one of the features of inflammation is hypoxia. Recently, it has been reported that KAI1 is a hypoxia target gene. There is no published research on hypoxia-related KAI1 protein levels in human diabetic skin. Therefore, we have investigated the expression of KAI1 protein in diabetic skin tissue in vivo. METHODS: The expression of KAI1 protein was evaluated by western blotting in 6 diabetic skin tissue samples and 6 normal skin samples. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out to identify KAI1 expression. RESULTS: The western blotting revealed significantly increased expression of the KAI1 protein in diabetic skin tissues as compared to normal skin tissues. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated that KAI1 was expressed in all diabetic skin tissues with moderate-to-strong positivity and weakly expressed in normal skin tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that a high expression of the KAI1 protein can be observed in diabetic skin tissue. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report suggesting that KAI1 protein expression in diabetic skin tissues may be associated with chronic inflammatory states and hypoxia.
Amputation ; Anoxia ; Antigens, CD82* ; Blotting, Western ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Foot Ulcer ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Skin*