The short time antibacterial effect of tetracaine hydrochloride was studied. S. aureus, Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus and P. aeruginosa were each incubated with tetracaine hydrochloride(preservative free) for 18 hours or for 2 minutes and then diluted and cultured on nutrient agar plate. Colony counts were done after 18 hours. In cases of 18 hours incubation, there was no growth of microbials in 0.5%, 0.1% tetracaine hydrochloride, but there was no inhibitory effect of 0.02% of tetracaine hydrochloride on growth of microbials, irrespective of inoculum amount. In cases of 2 minutes incubation with 0.5% tetracaine hydrochloride, there was no difference between the amount of microbial inoculum and colony count. Above in vitro study indicates that tetracaine hydrochloride has no inhibitory effect on bacterial growth in short time exposure less than 2 minutes.
Agar ; Coagulase ; Staphylococcus ; Tetracaine*

The short time antibacterial effect of tetracaine hydrochloride was studied. S. aureus, Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus and P. aeruginosa were each incubated with tetracaine hydrochloride(preservative free) for 18 hours or for 2 minutes and then diluted and cultured on nutrient agar plate. Colony counts were done after 18 hours. In cases of 18 hours incubation, there was no growth of microbials in 0.5%, 0.1% tetracaine hydrochloride, but there was no inhibitory effect of 0.02% of tetracaine hydrochloride on growth of microbials, irrespective of inoculum amount. In cases of 2 minutes incubation with 0.5% tetracaine hydrochloride, there was no difference between the amount of microbial inoculum and colony count. Above in vitro study indicates that tetracaine hydrochloride has no inhibitory effect on bacterial growth in short time exposure less than 2 minutes.
Agar ; Coagulase ; Staphylococcus ; Tetracaine*

The anesthetic properties on blockade of tourniquet pain of hyperbaric tetracaine (T-caine) and bupivacaine (marcaine) with or without epinephrine administered intrathecally were compaired in randomized study involving fourty healthy surgical patients. This investigation employed solutions of the two agents with or without epinephrine that contained equal dose (13 mg), concentration (0.5%), and volume (3ml). No statistically significant difference in height, anesthetic time, tourniquet time, tourniquet pressure, and sensory blockade level were observed between the four groups. Tourniquet pain or inadequate anesthesia did not occur in epinephrine-mix groups, But occurred in 20% of the patients in the tetracaine (t-caine) group & bupivacaine (marcaine) group each other. The results suggest that equal concentrations and dosages of hyperbaric tetracaine (T-caine) and bupivacaine (Marcaine) possessed similar anesthetic qualities on blockade of tourniquet pain following subarachnoid administration.
Anesthesia ; Bupivacaine* ; Epinephrine ; Humans ; Tetracaine* ; Tourniquets*

Phenylephrine hydrochloride has been widely used in ocular theraphy and examination, such as the treatment of uveitis and glaucoma and examination of the eye ground. In this study, mydriatic action of single instillation of 10% phenylephrine hydrochloride solution was compared with that of combined instillation of 10% phenylephrine hydrochloride solution and 0.5% tetracaine drops in 110 brown eyes. The following results were obtained; 1) In 55 eyes, the diameter of the pupil reached more than 7 mm about 45 minutes after instillation of 10% phenylephrine hydrochloride solution. 2) In case of combined instillation of 0.5% tetracaine solution and 10% phenylephrine hydrochloride solution, the onset of mydriasis was delayed. 3) In the case of combined instillation of 0.5% tetracaine and 10% phenylephrine hydrochloride solution with 5 and 10 minutes interval, the action of mydriasis was acceralated. 4) After tonometry, the action of mydriasis was more acceralated.
Glaucoma ; Manometry ; Mydriasis ; Phenylephrine* ; Pupil ; Tetracaine ; Uveitis

59 males and females were tested for the purpose of measuring the basic lacrimation under topical anesthesia of cornea and conjunctiva with 0.5% pontocaine using Toyo No.5 filter paper of 4.5 X 35mm in size. The total mean is 1.52mm/min and the means of male and female are 1.65mm/min and 1.37mm/min respectively. The mean of persons under 30 years of age is 1.68mm/min and that of over 30 years is 1.31mm/min. The means of male and female under 30 years of age are 2.12mm/min and 1.16mm/min and those of over 30 years are 1.01mm/min and 1.60mm/min respectively. The difference between means under 30 years and that of over 30 years in male is statistically significant but other differences are statistically not significant. The difference between auther's and other's values is, I suppose, derived partly from different filter paper used, and smallness of the number of person is another factor influenced.
Anesthesia ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Female ; Humans* ; Male ; Tetracaine

The effect of anesthetic duration of epinephrine and morphine mixture with hyperbaric tetracaine on spinal anesthesia was studied at Tague Catholic University Hospital. Fifty-two pa- tients, ASA physical status I-II, were selected randomly and divided them into 4 groups as follows: Group A; Only 0.5% hyperbaric tetracaine 14 mg injection. Group B; Mixture of 0.5% hyperbaric tetracaine 14 mg and morphine 0.15 mg injection. Group C; Mixture of 0.5% hyperbaric tetracaine l4 mg and epinephrine 0.2 mg injection. Group D; Mixture of 0.5% hyperbaric tetracaine 14 mg, morphine 0.15 mg and epinephrine 0.2 mg injection. The results of motor block onset, motor block duration, sensory block onset and sensory block duration were as follows: 1) Motor block onset; There were no statistical differences between each groups. 2) Motor block duration; The duration of motor blocks were significantly longer in group C and D than group A. The duration of motor block was significantly longer in group D than group B. 3) sensory block onset; There were no statistical differences between each groups. 4) Sensory block duration, The duration of sensory blocks were significantly longer in group D than group A, B and C. These results suggested that the effect of anesthetic duration of epinephrine and morphine mixture with local anesthetics simultaneously on spinal anesthesia were more prolonged than tetracaine injeetion only and injection of tetracaine, epinephrine mixture.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anesthetics, Local* ; Epinephrine* ; Morphine* ; Tetracaine

In an attempt to observe the influence of the spinal anesthesia on the systolic blood pressure, 350 cases of the spinal anesthesia ranging from 16 to 60 years of age were analyzed. The spinal anesthetics in this study was hyperbaric solution of 0.5% tetracaine in 6 or 10% D/W. The 350 cases were put into 4 groups by their preanesthetic systolic blood pressure and by post anesthetic dermatome of sensory block, and then the alteration of blood pressure in systolic of each group was studied. The results obtained are as follows. 1) The maximal fall of blood pressure was seen at 10 min. after spinal anesthesia. 2) Of the groups of the same sensory block dermatome, the fall of the more prominent in the higher initial systolic blood pressure group. 3) Of the groups of the same initial systolic blood pressure, the fall of was more prominent in the higher sensory block dermatome group. 4) The most prominent fall of the systolic blood pressure during spinal anesthesia was seen on the highest sensory block dermatome and initial systolic blood pressure.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anesthetics ; Blood Pressure* ; Tetracaine

Midazolam, a water soluble benzodiazepine, was compared with diazepam as a sedation for spinal anesthesia. Forthy healthy patients were allocated at random to receive midazolam 0.1mg/kg or diazepam 0.2mg/kg at 15 min after tetracaine inction for spinal anesthesia and increments of half of the initial dose every 2 min to induce sleep. Mean dose of midazolam 8.5 mg and diazepam 17.1 mg were injected for sedation throughout surgery. There was no difference concerning sedation level during surgery and speed of recovery. With the same degree of sedation, midazolam produced a higher frequency of anterograde amnesia(70% vs. 30%). Uenous tolerance was better for midazolam. Neither drug caused obstruction of airway nor significant cardiovascular change. Higher degree of amnesia and venous tolerance with midazolam may be advantages of sedation for spinal anesthesia.
Amnesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Benzodiazepines ; Diazepam* ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives* ; Midazolam* ; Tetracaine

Phenol-glycerine subarachnoid blocks were performed in 5 patients, who had intractable perianal pain from postoperative rectal cancer. An initial diagnostic subarachoid block with 0. 25 ml of 0.5% tetracaine in 10% glucose through L 5-S 1 was performed with the patient in a sitting position tilted about 15 degree to the affected side. After evaluation of the test block, the following day a therapeutic block was undertaken by injecting 0. 15-0. 2 ml of 10% phenol-glycerine. Excellent relief occurred in all cases and in one of them the repeated block for recurrent pain was done and 5 months after the first block. One case required of successive blocks 3 times during 8 days with the old phenol glycerine solution over 1 year. Life duration ranged from days to more than 12 months after the blocks. As to complication, dysuria developed temporarily in 3 cases. The one-sided saddle block with 10% phenol glycerine for perianal cancer pain is remarkably safe as well as effective and should be employed more frequently.
Dysuria ; Glucose ; Glycerol ; Humans ; Phenol ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Tetracaine

BACKGROUND: The patient's position cannot be changed in the hyperbaric spinal anesthesia until the anesthesia level is fixed because gravity has an effect on the spread of hyperbaric solutions. The isobaric spinal anesthesia has the advantage that the patient's position can be changed soon after drug is injected into the subarachnoid space because gravity has no effect on the spread of isobaric solutions. Most studies of isobaric spinal anesthesia had been made using plain bupivacaine. In this study, effects of drug dose, volume, and concentration on the spinal anesthesia with isobaric tetracaine were investigated. METHODS: Eighty patients were randomly allocated to four groups: 1), group 1 received 1% tetracaine 14mg, 1.4ml (N=20), 2), group 2 received 0.74% tetracaine 14mg, 1.9ml (n=20), 3), group 3 received 0.5% tetracaine 14mg, 2.8ml (n=20), 4), group 4 received 1% tetracaine 19mg, 1.9ml (n=20). Drugs were administered in lateral position at L3~4 level. Neural block was assessed by pinprick. Changes of analgesic level were evaluated with time. RESULTS: Peak analgesic level of group 4 was higher than that of group 2 after 12 minutes and no difference in analgesic level between group 1, 2, and 3 after 18 minutes. Group 4 resulted in longer duration and a higher peak level of sensory block than group 2. CONCLUSIONS: In spinal anesthesia with isobaric tetracaine, the volume is the major factor affecting initial spread of isobaric tetracaine and the dosage was the major factor affecting peak level. High concentration results in longer duration, and higher peak level.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Bupivacaine ; Gravitation ; Humans ; Subarachnoid Space ; Tetracaine*