Animals ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Testis ; immunology ; virology ; Zika Virus ; immunology ; isolation & purification

The capability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to be shed in semen for extended periods of time has been suggested to be a principal factor for viral transmission via insemination. In attempts to gain insights into the mechanism of PRRSV persistence in boars, tissue distribution and sites of viral infection were investigated by in situ hybridization (ISH) using digoxigenin-labeled RNA probe and the ISH results were compared with those of reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR). Animals were intranasally inoculated with 104 median tissue culture infectious dose of PRRSV VR-2332 and tissues collected at different times were examined. At day 7 postinfection, limited number of hybridization positive signals was observed in cells within or between seminiferous tubules in the testis sections while relatively abundant hybridization positive signals were observed in the brain stem and tracheobronchial lymph node. At later days of infection, hybridization positive signals were observed in cells within seminiferous tubules with much reduced frequency. Lack of agreement with the RT-nested PCR assay results in testis tissues obtained at days 14, 28, and 59 postinfection suggested that PRRSV infection in the testis may be extremely restricted, and may not necessarily constitute a major viral source in semen during extended periods of seminal shedding.
Animals ; Brain Stem/virology ; Endopeptidase K/metabolism ; *In Situ Hybridization ; Lymph Nodes/virology ; Male ; Microwaves ; Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/transmission/*virology ; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/*genetics/*isolation & purification ; RNA Probes ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Semen/virology ; Seminiferous Tubules/virology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/transmission/veterinary/virology ; Swine/*virology ; Testis/virology

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of testis murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection on mature sperm viability in mice.

METHODSBALB/c mice without MCMV infection, screened by ELISA, were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group (n = 64) and a control group (n = 40). The former were directly inoculated with MCMV into the testis, while the latter treated by inoculation of DMEM without MCMV. The mice in both of the groups were sacrificed respectively at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 14, 21, 38 d postinoculation (D1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 14, 21, 38 PI), the testis was examined histopathologically, and meanwhile the viability of mature sperms in the epididymis cauda was measured.

RESULTSMCMV basophil inclusion bodies were found in the Leydig cells in the experimental group, and spermatogenic cells were vacuolated and arranged disorderly. Compared with the control group, the sperm viability in the experimental group was decreased significantly by 71.42% to 56.04% (P < 0.05) on D1 PI.

CONCLUSIONThe sperm viability in mice might be descended significantly by MCMV infection in the early period, but restored to normal with time. This shows that MCMV infection might influence procreation transiently.

Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; physiology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Random Allocation ; Spermatozoa ; physiology ; Testicular Diseases ; pathology ; physiopathology ; virology ; Testis ; pathology