The effects of vasectomy on the reproductive organs in various species are controversial. This study investigated the morphological change and apoptosis of the testis, epididymis, and vas deferens in beagle dogs 12 months after vasectomy. The male beagles were divided into two groups: vasectomized and sham-operated groups (n=5 in each). Histopathological, ultrastructural, and TUNEL evaluation of the changes in the testis, epididymis, and ductus deferens of each animal were conducted 12 months after surgery. The mean lumen diameter, cellular thickness, mean interstitial distance, and lumen area fraction of each seminiferous tubule and ductus epididymis were measured by stereological analysis. The results showed that, compared with the sham-operated group, the seminiferous tubular epithelial cells of the testes in the vasectomized group were disorderly arranged and scattered. Significant atrophy and apoptosis were found in the endothelial cells, and a range of ultrastructural variations were observed in the cells of testes, epididymis, and vas deferens in vasectomized group. It was concluded that complete obstruction of the vas deferens as a traditional contraception method is not absolutely safe in terms of the reversal of fertility in the long run. Techniques of relieving the inner pressure in the vas deferens while maintaining the efficacy of male contraception need to be explored.
Animals ; Dogs ; Epididymis ; surgery ; Male ; Testis ; surgery ; Vasectomy ; adverse effects

Abnormalities, Multiple ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Spleen ; abnormalities ; Testis ; abnormalities

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value and clinical application of the Three-Step Sperm Retrieval method in improving the sperm retrieval rate for non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients.

METHODSSeventy-three NOA patients underwent Three-Step Sperm Retrieval in the following order of procedures: testicular fine needle aspiration (TFNA), testicular sperm extraction (TSE), and microdissection testicular sperm extraction (MD-TSE). The testicular tissue obtained from each step was observed for spermatozoa under the 400-fold inverted microscope. If spermatozoa were found in one step, the operation would be stopped; otherwise, the next step would be carried out. The testicular tissue was subjected to pathological examination.

RESULTSSpermatozoa was found in the testicular tissue in 38.4% of the cases (28/73) at TFNA as the first step, in 52.1% (38/73) at TFNA and TSE, and in 64.4% (47/73) at TFNA, TSE and MD-TSE. Pathological examination showed 25 of the cases to be Sertoli cell-only syndrome, 21 to be sperm maturation arrest and the other 27 to be hypospermatogenesis, in which spermatozoa were found in 10, 14 and 23 cases, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe Three-Step Sperm Retrieval method can significantly improve the sperm retrieval rate for NOA patients. And the sperm retrieval rate is associated with the pathological type of the testicular tissue, a higher rate with hypospermatogenesis.

Adult ; Azoospermia ; Humans ; Male ; Sperm Retrieval ; Testis ; pathology ; surgery

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare developmental anomaly in which an abnormal connection between the splenic tissue and gonads or mesonephric derivatives is present. Less than 200 cases have been reported since it was first described in 1883. Preoperative misdiagnosis is common and may lead to unnecessary orchidectomy if testicular neoplasm is suspected. To avoid such outcomes, it is important to be aware of the features of splenogonadal fusion. We report the case of a five-month-old male infant with continuous-type, left-sided splenogonadal fusion, which was discovered during groin exploration for a scrotal mass. Although the lesion was first noted during an episode of nonspecific viral fever, such an association is uncommon. Preoperative ultrasonographic evaluation favoured a diagnosis of a large haemangioma. This is the first reported case of splenogonadal fusion from Sri Lanka.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Spleen ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Splenic Diseases ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Testicular Diseases ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Testis ; abnormalities ; surgery

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of corporoplasty with autologous tunica vaginalis graft in the treatment of Peyronie's disease.

METHODSTen patients with Peyronie's disease underwent plaque excision and corporoplasty with autologous tunica vaginalis graft. We obtained and compared IIEF-5 scores of the patients before and at 1 and 5 years after operation.

RESULTSAfter surgery, penile curvature was obviously relieved and all the patients achieved normal penile erection and satisfactory sexual intercourse without erection-related pain or recurrent erectile dysfunction. The mean IIEF-5 score was significantly improved at 1 year (22.40±1.08) and 5 years postoperatively (23.00±1.14) as compared with the baseline, (19.20±2.28) (P<0.05 or 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSCorporoplasty with autologous tunica vaginalis graft is a safe, simple and effective option for the treatment of Peyronie's disease, though its definite efficiency is to be further supported by large-sample clinical studies.

Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; Penile Induration ; surgery ; Penis ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Testis ; transplantation

OBJECTIVETo study the effect and complications of augmentation phalloplasty by implanting autogenous tunica vaginalis grafts into the bilateral albuginea of the penile corpus.

METHODSFive mongrel dogs underwent augmentation phalloplasty with bilateral autogenous tunica vaginalis grafts. The increase in the volume of the corpora cavernosa was achieved by applying autogenous tunica vaginalis grafts to longitudinal openings made bilaterally in the albuginea along the whole length of the penile cavernous corpora. The perimeter of the penile cavernous corpora was measured in the flaccid state and during erection and dynamic infusion cavernosometry (DIC) was conducted for each dog before and after the operation. Histology of the penis was examined using hematoxylin and eosin stains.

RESULTSThe average increase in the perimeter of the penile cavernous corpora was 21. 1% in the erectile state but unobvious in the flaccid state 3 months after surgery. There were no statistically significant differences in cavernosometric parameters before and after the operation, and neither were there any other severe postoperative complications. The grafts had mild inflammatory reaction and fibrosis with apparent reformation of the tunica albuginea over the patch site.

CONCLUSIONThe augmentation phalloplasty technique with bilateral autogenous tunica vaginalis grafts was proved to be effective and reliable with few complications, particularly conspicuous in increasing the volume of the erectile tissues during erection.

Animals ; Dogs ; Male ; Penile Diseases ; surgery ; Penile Implantation ; Penis ; surgery ; Testis ; transplantation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the application of tunica vaginalis flap in repairing the deformity of urethra and urethral fistulas.

METHODSTunica vaginalis flap from the scrotum were used to wrap the reconstructed urethra in the 38 cases of hypospadias urethroplasty and urethral fistulas repair from 2002.

RESULTSAll of cases were followed up for six months to one year. There was a fistula reoccurred after epispadias fistula repair, the repair was successful in other patients. There was no recurrent fistulas or urethral strictures. Penile cosmesis was excellent and erected well.

CONCLUSIONSThe application of tunica vaginalis flap in urethral repair can raise achievement ratio and reduce the incidence of urethral fistulas. The flap is ease to mobilize with no harmful effects on the testicles.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; surgery ; Male ; Scrotum ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Testis ; surgery ; Urethra ; surgery ; Urethral Diseases ; surgery ; Urinary Fistula ; surgery ; Young Adult

Adult ; Azoospermia/etiology* ; Choristoma/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Microdissection ; Sperm Retrieval ; Testicular Diseases/surgery* ; Testis/surgery* ; Vas Deferens/abnormalities*

This study aimed to investigate the incidence of patent processus vaginalis (PPV) in pediatric patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis and explore the associated factors. From May 2014 to April 2017, 152 boys who were diagnosed with a unilateral nonpalpable testis and underwent laparoscopy in Shanghai Children's Hospital (Shanghai, China) were included in this study. The data were collected and reviewed, and the results were analyzed regarding the age at operation, side, development, and position of the nonpalpable testis. The mean age of the patients was 2.6 (standard deviation: 2.3) years. The testis was absent in 14 cases, nonviable in 81 cases, and viable in 57 cases. The incidence of PPV was 37.5% (57 of 152) on the ipsilateral side and 16.4% (25 of 152) on the contralateral side. The ipsilateral PPV was more prevalent when the nonpalpable testis occurred on the right side ( P < 0.01). Besides, patients with a viable testis had a greater incidence of ipsilateral PPV than those with a nonviable or absent testis ( P < 0.01). Moreover, this rate was the highest when the testis was in the abdominal cavity and the lowest when the testis was in the scrotum (both P < 0.01). However, the incidence of contralateral PPV was independent of all the factors. In conclusion, in children with a nonpalpable testis, the incidence of an ipsilateral PPV was significantly related to the side, development, and position of the testis, while it was independent of these factors on the contralateral side.
Male ; Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Testis ; China ; Testicular Hydrocele/surgery* ; Laparoscopy ; Scrotum ; Hernia, Inguinal/surgery* ; Cryptorchidism/surgery*

The use of a gracilis myocutaneous flap to overlay an extensively traumatized scrotoperineal soft tissue defect, through which both testes and the ruptured bulbous urethra were exposed, is discussed. The transplanted gracilis myocutaneous flap, which included vascularized and innervated tissue, was well taken and covered the perineal defect, exposed testes and urethral stricture both cosmetically and functionally.
Adult ; Case Report ; Human ; Male ; Muscles/surgery ; Perineum/*surgery ; Rupture ; Scrotum/*surgery ; Surgical Flaps/*methods ; Testis/*injuries/surgery ; Urethra/*injuries/surgery