Tension ; Pneumonia ; Infant ; Case Report

In order to obtain a complete and lees contaminated lung washings from the rabbits, the left lung of rabbit was subjected to lavage with saline by altering the number of washing, i.e.: once, twice and thrice, and surface tension, protein content and phospholipid content of the lung washings were measured. Surface tension was measured by the modified Langmuir-Wilhelmy balance, Phospholipid content was determined by the modified method of Baginski, and protein content by the method of Lowry et al. The results obtained are summerized as follows: 1. The maximal surface tension, minimal surface tension, stability index, protein content and phospholiped content of left lung washings (once) were 53.9+/-2.7 dyne/cm, 11.4+/-8.4 dyne/cm, 1.4+/-0.4, 127.2+/-6.0 ug/ml, and 306.8+/-65.4 ug/ml, respectively. 2. The maximal surface tension, stability index, protein content and phospholipid content of left lung washings (twice) were 55.5+/-2.4 dyne/cm, 5.0+/-2.2 dyne/cm, 1.7+/-0.2, 166.6+/-11.0 ug/ml and 283.5+/-40.1 ug/ml, respectively. 3. The maximal surface tension, minimal surface tension, stability index, protein content, and phospholipid content of left lung washings (thrice) were 53.6+/-2.6 dyne/cm, 6.2+/-2.2 dyne/cm, 1.6+/-0.1, 184.3+/-15.4 ug/ml and 368.3+/-68.2 ug/ml, respectively. 4. The above results indicate that the most optimal number of rabbit left lung washing is twice.
Lung* ; Rabbits ; Surface Tension ; Therapeutic Irrigation

BACKGROUND: The investigations of personality traits have been the issue of many studies on patients with tension-type headache. However, there was few comparison study of personality traits between the patients with episodic tension-type headache (ETTH) and chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). METHODS: The study was consecutively made of the personality profiles of two groups with ETTH (137 patients) and CTTH (115 patients) in accordance with the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria, employing the MMPI. RESULTS: The two groups could be classified into three clusters by a multivariate cluster analysis, which are relatively normal profile (cluster I), somatic profile (cluster II, elevated Hs-D-Hy scales), and psychosomatic profile (cluster III, elevated Pa-Pt-Sc-Si and Hs-D-Hy scales). The proportion of the patients with CTTH in the psychosomatic profile group was stastically more significant (59.6%) than that of the patients with ETTH (40.4%) by a chi-square test. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the psychosomatic profile might be more common in the CTTH patients than in the ETTH patients.
Headache ; Humans ; MMPI* ; Tension-Type Headache*

PURPOSE: To analyze the diurnal change in intraocular pressure (IOP) and corneal biomechanical properties measured using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA; Reichert Inc., Depew, NY, USA) in Korean patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients. METHODS: Intraocular pressure (Goldmann applanation tonometer IOP [GAT IOP], Goldmann-correlated IOP [IOPg], corneal-compensated IOP [IOPcc]) and corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured in 21 eye of NTG patients (12 males, 9 female) at 3 hour intervals for 48 hours using ORA. We recorded the time of each parameter that showed the lowest and the highest values of during the 48 hour testing period (Day 1 and Day 2) and evaluated the change of diurnal variation using Repeated measures analysis of variance (Re-ANOVA). RESULTS: Peak IOP measured with GAT and ORA occurred at 6 AM-9 AM, 3 PM-6 PM and the trough IOP at 9 PM-12 AM during the 48 hour period. CCT, GAT IOP, IOPcc and IOPg measurements showed statistically significant variations (p<0.05). CH and CRF variations were not statistically significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In Korean NTG patients, IOP exhibits significant diurnal variation, with higher values during the dawn and afternoon and lower values before retiring. Clinically, measurements of IOP performed in the afternoon could aid in the detection of relatively elevated IOP.
Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Low Tension Glaucoma* ; Male

PURPOSE: To evaluate the corneal biomechanical properties and clinical characteristic of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) in young patients. METHODS: We compared corneal biomechanical properties using an Ocular response analyzer (ORA) of under age 40 of 37 eyes of patients with NTG and 42 eyes of normal group. RESULTS: The mean corneal resistance factor (CRF) and mean corneal hysteresis (CH) were significantly lower in NTG eyes (CRF, 9.2 +/- 2.1 mm Hg; CH, 9.8 +/- 1.8 mm Hg) than in normal eyes (CRF, 10.7 +/- 2.3 mm Hg; CH, 10.9 +/- 2.0 mm Hg; p = 0.01, p < 0.01). CH and CRF were associated with central corneal thickness (CCT) (CH; beta = 0.354, p < 0.01, CRF; beta = 0.348, p < 0.01) and glaucoma status (p < 0.01, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The CRF and CH were significantly lower in NTG group while IOP cc was not significantly different between the group. In diagnosing the NTG in young patients, ORA maybe useful for distinguishing between the glaucoma eyes and normal eyes.
Eye ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Low Tension Glaucoma

Headaches are common in children and become more common and increase in frequency during adolescence. There are various causes of headaches. The majority of cases are considered as primary and include migraine and tension headaches. The rational evaluation of headache begins with careful history. Migraine is genetically determined recurrent pain syndrome accompanied by neurological and gastrointestinal features, involving interaction of external triggers and internal pathophysiology and the causes of considerable disability to suffers. Establishing the correct diagnosis is essential for successful treatment. Treatment of pediatric migraine includes an individually tailored regimen of both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic measures.
Adolescent ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Headache* ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders ; Tension-Type Headache

Headache is a common symptom, often associated with disability, but rarely life threatening. However, even disabling migraine is under-diagnosed and under-treated. There are no diagnostic tests for migraine or tension-type headaches, and the history is all-important. A headache history requires time to elicit and a simple and helpful stratagem when the patient first presents in a clinic is to request the keeping of a diary over a few weeks. The pattern of attacks is a very helpful indicator of the right diagnosis. It must be ascertained first that a condition requiring more urgent intervention is not present. In this brief review, the crucial elements of a headache history are presented in detail, and key principles of treatment are described.
Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Headache ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders ; Tension-Type Headache

PURPOSE: To compare the parameters measured with the ocular response analyzer (ORA; Reichert Inc., Depew, NY, USA) between normal control subjects and patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and to investigate clinical usefulness of ORA. METHODS: Intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured using the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) in 100 eyes of 100 normal subjects and 100 eyes of 100 NTG patients. Four types of ORA parameters, corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann-correlated IOP (IOPg), and corneal-compensated IOP (IOPcc) were also measured. RESULTS: The mean CH values were 11.2 mm Hg and 10.3 mm Hg and the mean CRF values were 10.8 mm Hg and 9.9 mm Hg in the normal subjects group and the NTG group, respectively. Mean CH and CRF were significantly lower in NTG patients (p < 0.001) and the IOPcc were higher than normal subjects (p = 0.004). IOPg was in agreement with the GAT IOP (ICC = 0.811) and IOPcc was not correlated with CCT. The cut-off value of 'IOPcc - IOPg' as the diagnostic standard parameter was -0.05 mm Hg (sensitivity; 76%, specificity; 55%). CONCLUSIONS: IOPg measurements were similar to GAT IOP, and other ORA parameters (CH, CRF, IOPcc) were significantly different between normal subjects and NTG patients. Consequently, the difference of IOPcc and IOPg could be a useful parameter in NTG diagnosis.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Low Tension Glaucoma* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

A clinical study was carried out on 206 glaucomatous patients(295 eyes) from July 1982 to December 1985 in the Department of Ophthalmology of Hanyang University Hospital. The results were as follows: 1. The glaucomatous patients consisted of 34.0% of primary open angle glaucoma(P.O.A.G.), 32.5% of secondary glaucoma, 20.9% of primary angle closure glaucoma(P.A.C.G.), 73% of ocular hypertension, 3.9% of congenital glaucoma and 1.5% of low tension glaucoma. 2. The mean intraocular pressure(IOP) of P.O.A.G. and acute stage of P.A.C.G. was 33.4 +/- 15.5 and 55.2 +/- 8.4mmHg, respectively. 3. 43.1 +/- 16.3 years was the mean age of P.O.A.G. and 61.6 +/- 9.5 years was that of P.A.C.G. 4. In overall glaucomatous patients there was no remarkable sex-difference except P.A.C.G. which showed higher prepondrence of females. 5. There was no significant difference in laterality between left and right eyes with glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
Female ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Low Tension Glaucoma ; Ocular Hypertension ; Ophthalmology

A lot of experimental findings have confirmed that: Animal cells acquire a spherical shape just before the division; Under biochemical stimulus of mitotic apparatus aster the cells form a contractile ring in equator plane, and the mother cell divides into two daughter cells; meanwhile the total volume keeps constant. In Zinemanas and Nir's model the reorientation of microfilament and the visco-elasticity of cortex have been took into consideration. In our present work, the effective coefficient m due to biochemical stimulus was incorporated into the model, and the local distribution C was modified to diffuse with the plasma membrane motion. The numerical results showed that the formation of a contractile ring and parameters such as the surface tension in the furrow and internal pressure can be predicted successfully. Compared with Zinemanas and Nir's model, the results of our model are more correspondent with the experimental results. It can be concluded that the effective coefficient m has limited effects on the process control of cytokinesis.
Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cytokinesis ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Surface Tension