Adherence syndrome may be due to fibrofatty proliferation creating adherence between infeiror orbital tissue, sclera, or inferior rectus muscle capule and inflammatory reaction initiated by the rupture of the Tenon's capsule and invasion of the extraconal fat. We report 4 cases of adnerence syndrome after weakening procedure of inferior oblique muscle in the cases of overacting inferior oblique muscle.
Orbit ; Rupture ; Sclera ; Tenon Capsule

The prior long-term use of topical anti-glaucoma medications has been suggested as an adverse factor for the outcome of trabeculectomy. The mechanism of action is still unclear. This study investigates the effect of Trusopt and Xalatan on the proliferation and viability of human Tenon`s capsule fibroblasts in tissue culture. We examined the effect of two commercial drugs, Trusopt and Xalatan, and pure benzalkonium chloride, at various dilution, on the proliferation as assessed by MTT assay and assessed micro-scopically the viability of human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts in tissue culture. None of the tested compounds stimulated proliferation of fibroblasts in tissue culture and inhibited proliferation. All had toxic effects on cell morphology. These results show an antiproliferative and toxic effect of Trusopt and Xalatan on the fibroblasts in tissue culture and no direct stimulation of fibroblast proliferation.
Benzalkonium Compounds ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Tenon Capsule ; Trabeculectomy

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of Gelrite (Gelrite gellan gum), a natural gelling agent, on the viability and proliferation of human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts in tissue culture. METHODS: We studied the effect of two common preservatives, Gelrite and pure benzalkonium chloride (BAK) on the proliferation of primarily cultured human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts. After treatment of Gelrite and BAK with various serial dilutions, proliferation was assessed by MTT assay and the morphologic changes were evaluated with by inverted phase contrast microscopic examination after 24 hours and 1 week respectively. RESULTS: Gelrite did not affect the proliferation of fibroblasts and revealed no apparent morphologic change or viability of the fibroblasts in tissue culture. Also BAK did not affect the proliferation but inhibited the proliferation of the fibroblasts with toxic effects on cell morphology. CONCLUSIONS: Gelrite showed no apparent effect on the proliferation and morphology of the primarily cultured human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts.
Benzalkonium Compounds ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans* ; Tenon Capsule*

PURPOSE: Resveratrol exerts cytoprotective or cytotoxic effects according to cell type. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol on the survival of cultured human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFBs). METHODS: Primarily cultured HTFBs were exposed to 0, 10, or 100 microM resveratrol for 3 days. Cellular survival was assessed using the MTT assay and degree of apoptosis was analyzed with flow cytometry using annexin-V/propidium iodide double staining. RESULTS: Resveratrol decreased the survival of HTFBs after exposure to 10 microM (p = 0.04). In flow cytometric analysis, 10 microM resveratrol did not affect the degree of apoptosis (p = 0.89), but 100 microM resveratrol increased the degree of apoptosis (p = 0.003). Both 10 and 100 microM resveratrol did not affect the degree of necrosis (p = 0.74, 0.33). CONCLUSIONS: Resveratrol decreased cellular survival of cultured HTFBs and induced apoptosis. Thus, resveratrol may exert antiproliferative effects on HTFBs.
Apoptosis ; Fibroblasts* ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans* ; Necrosis ; Tenon Capsule

The efficacy and safety of mitomycin C(MMC) trabeculectomy was tested in patients with uncomplicated glaucoma(low-risk group) and the result was compared with that in patients with refractory glaucoma(high-risk group). Subjects included 37 eyes of 26 consecutive patients in low-risk group and 36 eyes of 26 patients in high-risk group. The mean preoperative IOP was 32.9 +/- 9.7 mmHg and 31.9 +/- 8.7 mmHg, respectively(p=1.45). The mean number of preoperative medications was 2.8 +/- 0.8 and 2.0 +/- 0.9, respectively(p<0.05). MMC(0.25 mg/ml or 0.5 mg/ml) was applied between Tenon's capsule and the sclera during trabeculectomy for 3 minutes in low-risk group, for 5 minutes in high-risk group. Scleral-flap was closed with tight releasable sutures. Eyes followed longer than 3 months were included(mean of 14.1 +/- 8.0 months vs 11.9 +/- 6.8 months, p=0.23). The low-risk group had better postoperative results including: a lower IOP at last follow-up(13.7 +/- 3.2 vs 17.2 +/- 8.4 mmHg, p=0.02), a better success rate(94% vs 83% with or without medications, p=0.23: 83% vs 55% without medications, p=0.02), a lower postoperative need for glaucoma medications(0.2 +/- 0.4 vs 0.6 +/- 08, p=0.005). Overall complications were similar between both groups. One of 37 eyes(3%) in the low-risk group developed a hypotony(p=0.51) and one of 36 eyes(3%) in the high-risk group developed a hypotony maculopathy(p=0.49). This study suggests that MMC trabeculectomy with tight releasable scleralflap sutures is safe and effective in controlling IOP not only in refractory glaucoma but also, more successfully, in uncomplicated glaucoma.
Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Mitomycin* ; Sclera ; Sutures ; Tenon Capsule ; Trabeculectomy*

In the process of closing a scleral wound caused by various conditions, incarceration af the conjunctiva, Tenon's capsule or vitreous in the wound can occur unexpectedly. We created such conditions experimentally to determine their intraocular complications. The experimental, materials were 12 albino rabhits(24 eyes) and the rabbits were divided into two groups(I and II). Group I rabbits(12 eyes) received no vinectormy and group II rabbits(12 eyes) received a vitrectormy. After the conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule flap was made, the tissue flap was inserted into the vitreous cavity through the sclerotomy site- Fundus examination with an indirect ophthalmoscope and enucleation for histology were performed at 3 days, 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after the experiment. The results were as follows: 1, Intraocular fibrovascular proliferation developed in all experimental rabbit eyes. 2. The more vitreous hemorrhage developed, the greater was the fibrovascular proliferation and the degree of fibrovascular proliferation was more marked in group II than group I. 3. The fibrovascular proliferation developed to a band in 3 weeks, then regressed gradually. 4. The fibrovascular band was composed of fibroblasts, stromal matrix and few vessels.
Conjunctiva ; Fibroblasts ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Rabbits ; Tenon Capsule ; Vitreous Hemorrhage ; Wounds and Injuries*

In the process of closing a scleral wound caused by various conditions, incarceration af the conjunctiva, Tenon's capsule or vitreous in the wound can occur unexpectedly. We created such conditions experimentally to determine their intraocular complications. The experimental, materials were 12 albino rabhits(24 eyes) and the rabbits were divided into two groups(I and II). Group I rabbits(12 eyes) received no vinectormy and group II rabbits(12 eyes) received a vitrectormy. After the conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule flap was made, the tissue flap was inserted into the vitreous cavity through the sclerotomy site- Fundus examination with an indirect ophthalmoscope and enucleation for histology were performed at 3 days, 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after the experiment. The results were as follows: 1, Intraocular fibrovascular proliferation developed in all experimental rabbit eyes. 2. The more vitreous hemorrhage developed, the greater was the fibrovascular proliferation and the degree of fibrovascular proliferation was more marked in group II than group I. 3. The fibrovascular proliferation developed to a band in 3 weeks, then regressed gradually. 4. The fibrovascular band was composed of fibroblasts, stromal matrix and few vessels.
Conjunctiva ; Fibroblasts ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Rabbits ; Tenon Capsule ; Vitreous Hemorrhage ; Wounds and Injuries*

Strabismus fixus is a rare condition in which one or both eyes are anchored, as a rule, in a position of extreme adduction or abduction. The involved eye is "fixed" in this position and cannot be moved, and the forced duction test will confirm the immobility of the eye. The condition generally is thought to be congenital and caused by fibrosis, which would explain the loss of elasticity of the rectus muscle. Divergent forms of strabismus fixus not accompanied by ptosis or generalized fibrosis of the extraocular muscle are even more unusual. The authors experienced one case of divergent strabismus fixus in a 23 year old female patient. We performed complete disinsertion of both lateral rectus muscle and recession of conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule, combined with 11 mm resection of medial rectus muscle of left eye. The result of that surgery, however, was not satisfactory. So we performed 11 mm resection of medial rectus muscle of right eye and temporary fixation of the globes with traction sutures in a position of abbuction on both eyes at 3 days after the first surgery. After 4 weeks, patient was remained 60 delta exodeviation but primary position and ocular motility were improved.
Conjunctiva ; Elasticity ; Exotropia* ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Strabismus ; Sutures ; Tenon Capsule ; Traction ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of conjunctivo-limbal autograft after wide excision of primary and recurrent pterygia. METHODS: Twenty-one eyes of 18 patients with primary pterygium and 18 eyes of 18 patients with recurrent pteygium underwent conjunctivo-limbal autograft after wide excision of pterygium. All patients underwent follow-up for more than six months. Recurrence rates and complications were evaluated. RESULTS: With a minimum of six months of follow-up, fibrovascular tissue in the excised area, not invading the cornea, was noted in one eye (5.6%) in the recurrent pterygium group but no further surgical interventions for the cosmetic problem were needed. One eye (4.8%) showed wound dehiscence, three eyes (14.3%) showed subgraft hemorrhage, and one eye (4.8%) showed subconjunctival fibrosis at the donor site in the primary pterygium group, while two eyes (11.1%) showed subgraft hemorrhage, and one eye (5.6%) showed Tenon's Capsule granuloma at the donor site in the recurrent pterygium group. CONCLUSIONS: Conjunctivo-limbal autograft after wide excision of pterygium can be considered an effective treatment with low recurrence rates for both primary and recurrent pterygia.
Cornea ; Cosmetics ; Eye ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Granuloma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Pterygium ; Recurrence ; Tenon Capsule ; Tissue Donors

Subconjunctival fat prolapse is characterized by a yellow, convex, movable mass on the superotemporal quadrant. It is thought that orbital fat is prolapsed forward through the weakened Tenon's capsule, as an aging process. This lesion may be confused with lipodermoid, prolapsed lacrimal gland and lipoma. We report 4 cases (7 eyes) of subconjunctival fat prolapse, all of them were men, aged from 48 to 67 years. After surgical treartment, good cosmesis was obtained with the average follow-up period of 15.5 months.
Aging ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Lipoma ; Male ; Orbit ; Prolapse* ; Tenon Capsule