Adherence syndrome may be due to fibrofatty proliferation creating adherence between infeiror orbital tissue, sclera, or inferior rectus muscle capule and inflammatory reaction initiated by the rupture of the Tenon's capsule and invasion of the extraconal fat. We report 4 cases of adnerence syndrome after weakening procedure of inferior oblique muscle in the cases of overacting inferior oblique muscle.
Orbit ; Rupture ; Sclera ; Tenon Capsule

The prior long-term use of topical anti-glaucoma medications has been suggested as an adverse factor for the outcome of trabeculectomy. The mechanism of action is still unclear. This study investigates the effect of Trusopt and Xalatan on the proliferation and viability of human Tenon`s capsule fibroblasts in tissue culture. We examined the effect of two commercial drugs, Trusopt and Xalatan, and pure benzalkonium chloride, at various dilution, on the proliferation as assessed by MTT assay and assessed micro-scopically the viability of human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts in tissue culture. None of the tested compounds stimulated proliferation of fibroblasts in tissue culture and inhibited proliferation. All had toxic effects on cell morphology. These results show an antiproliferative and toxic effect of Trusopt and Xalatan on the fibroblasts in tissue culture and no direct stimulation of fibroblast proliferation.
Benzalkonium Compounds ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Tenon Capsule ; Trabeculectomy

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of Gelrite (Gelrite gellan gum), a natural gelling agent, on the viability and proliferation of human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts in tissue culture. METHODS: We studied the effect of two common preservatives, Gelrite and pure benzalkonium chloride (BAK) on the proliferation of primarily cultured human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts. After treatment of Gelrite and BAK with various serial dilutions, proliferation was assessed by MTT assay and the morphologic changes were evaluated with by inverted phase contrast microscopic examination after 24 hours and 1 week respectively. RESULTS: Gelrite did not affect the proliferation of fibroblasts and revealed no apparent morphologic change or viability of the fibroblasts in tissue culture. Also BAK did not affect the proliferation but inhibited the proliferation of the fibroblasts with toxic effects on cell morphology. CONCLUSIONS: Gelrite showed no apparent effect on the proliferation and morphology of the primarily cultured human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts.
Benzalkonium Compounds ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans* ; Tenon Capsule*

PURPOSE: Resveratrol exerts cytoprotective or cytotoxic effects according to cell type. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol on the survival of cultured human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFBs). METHODS: Primarily cultured HTFBs were exposed to 0, 10, or 100 microM resveratrol for 3 days. Cellular survival was assessed using the MTT assay and degree of apoptosis was analyzed with flow cytometry using annexin-V/propidium iodide double staining. RESULTS: Resveratrol decreased the survival of HTFBs after exposure to 10 microM (p = 0.04). In flow cytometric analysis, 10 microM resveratrol did not affect the degree of apoptosis (p = 0.89), but 100 microM resveratrol increased the degree of apoptosis (p = 0.003). Both 10 and 100 microM resveratrol did not affect the degree of necrosis (p = 0.74, 0.33). CONCLUSIONS: Resveratrol decreased cellular survival of cultured HTFBs and induced apoptosis. Thus, resveratrol may exert antiproliferative effects on HTFBs.
Apoptosis ; Fibroblasts* ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans* ; Necrosis ; Tenon Capsule

The efficacy and safety of mitomycin C(MMC) trabeculectomy was tested in patients with uncomplicated glaucoma(low-risk group) and the result was compared with that in patients with refractory glaucoma(high-risk group). Subjects included 37 eyes of 26 consecutive patients in low-risk group and 36 eyes of 26 patients in high-risk group. The mean preoperative IOP was 32.9 +/- 9.7 mmHg and 31.9 +/- 8.7 mmHg, respectively(p=1.45). The mean number of preoperative medications was 2.8 +/- 0.8 and 2.0 +/- 0.9, respectively(p<0.05). MMC(0.25 mg/ml or 0.5 mg/ml) was applied between Tenon's capsule and the sclera during trabeculectomy for 3 minutes in low-risk group, for 5 minutes in high-risk group. Scleral-flap was closed with tight releasable sutures. Eyes followed longer than 3 months were included(mean of 14.1 +/- 8.0 months vs 11.9 +/- 6.8 months, p=0.23). The low-risk group had better postoperative results including: a lower IOP at last follow-up(13.7 +/- 3.2 vs 17.2 +/- 8.4 mmHg, p=0.02), a better success rate(94% vs 83% with or without medications, p=0.23: 83% vs 55% without medications, p=0.02), a lower postoperative need for glaucoma medications(0.2 +/- 0.4 vs 0.6 +/- 08, p=0.005). Overall complications were similar between both groups. One of 37 eyes(3%) in the low-risk group developed a hypotony(p=0.51) and one of 36 eyes(3%) in the high-risk group developed a hypotony maculopathy(p=0.49). This study suggests that MMC trabeculectomy with tight releasable scleralflap sutures is safe and effective in controlling IOP not only in refractory glaucoma but also, more successfully, in uncomplicated glaucoma.
Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Mitomycin* ; Sclera ; Sutures ; Tenon Capsule ; Trabeculectomy*

In the process of closing a scleral wound caused by various conditions, incarceration af the conjunctiva, Tenon's capsule or vitreous in the wound can occur unexpectedly. We created such conditions experimentally to determine their intraocular complications. The experimental, materials were 12 albino rabhits(24 eyes) and the rabbits were divided into two groups(I and II). Group I rabbits(12 eyes) received no vinectormy and group II rabbits(12 eyes) received a vitrectormy. After the conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule flap was made, the tissue flap was inserted into the vitreous cavity through the sclerotomy site- Fundus examination with an indirect ophthalmoscope and enucleation for histology were performed at 3 days, 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after the experiment. The results were as follows: 1, Intraocular fibrovascular proliferation developed in all experimental rabbit eyes. 2. The more vitreous hemorrhage developed, the greater was the fibrovascular proliferation and the degree of fibrovascular proliferation was more marked in group II than group I. 3. The fibrovascular proliferation developed to a band in 3 weeks, then regressed gradually. 4. The fibrovascular band was composed of fibroblasts, stromal matrix and few vessels.
Conjunctiva ; Fibroblasts ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Rabbits ; Tenon Capsule ; Vitreous Hemorrhage ; Wounds and Injuries*

In the process of closing a scleral wound caused by various conditions, incarceration af the conjunctiva, Tenon's capsule or vitreous in the wound can occur unexpectedly. We created such conditions experimentally to determine their intraocular complications. The experimental, materials were 12 albino rabhits(24 eyes) and the rabbits were divided into two groups(I and II). Group I rabbits(12 eyes) received no vinectormy and group II rabbits(12 eyes) received a vitrectormy. After the conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule flap was made, the tissue flap was inserted into the vitreous cavity through the sclerotomy site- Fundus examination with an indirect ophthalmoscope and enucleation for histology were performed at 3 days, 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after the experiment. The results were as follows: 1, Intraocular fibrovascular proliferation developed in all experimental rabbit eyes. 2. The more vitreous hemorrhage developed, the greater was the fibrovascular proliferation and the degree of fibrovascular proliferation was more marked in group II than group I. 3. The fibrovascular proliferation developed to a band in 3 weeks, then regressed gradually. 4. The fibrovascular band was composed of fibroblasts, stromal matrix and few vessels.
Conjunctiva ; Fibroblasts ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Rabbits ; Tenon Capsule ; Vitreous Hemorrhage ; Wounds and Injuries*

Subconjunctival fat prolapse is characterized by a yellow, convex, movable mass on the superotemporal quadrant. It is thought that orbital fat is prolapsed forward through the weakened Tenon's capsule, as an aging process. This lesion may be confused with lipodermoid, prolapsed lacrimal gland and lipoma. We report 4 cases (7 eyes) of subconjunctival fat prolapse, all of them were men, aged from 48 to 67 years. After surgical treartment, good cosmesis was obtained with the average follow-up period of 15.5 months.
Aging ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Lipoma ; Male ; Orbit ; Prolapse* ; Tenon Capsule

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of anterior displacement of four rectus muscles in exposure of porous polyethylene orbital implant (Medpor(R)). CASE SUMMARY: This retrospective study reviewed 4 eyes with exposed orbital implant who underwent evisceration with porous polyethylene orbital implant (Medpor(R)). The technique involves dissection of conjunctiva and tenon's capsule and isolation of four rectus muscles from sclera. Unsure if each muscle was sutured to each other or if a group of muscles were sutured to another group (i.e. superior and inferior to medial and lateral). Posterior tenon's capsule was closed interruptedly and conjunctiva was closed continuously. Orbital implant exposure was occurred at 2~36 months later after evisceration and implant insertion. One eye was noted wound dehiscence 1 week after operation, then re-suture was done. Re-exposure was notified in 1 eye at postoperative 3 months, but it was small, then we just observed. In other 3 cases, exposure was not identified till last follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Four rectus muscle anterior displacement procedure may be simple and useful method in exposure of orbital implant.
Conjunctiva ; Follow-Up Studies ; Muscles ; Orbit* ; Orbital Implants* ; Polyethylene* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sclera ; Tenon Capsule ; Wounds and Injuries

PURPOSE: We report three patients with large angle exotropia had lost medial rectus muscle (MR) and who attained good alignment postoperatively. METHODS: Patient 1 was a 51-year-old female with a history of strabismus surgery done at 10 years of age. Exotropia of 80 prism diopter (PD) gradually developed with limitation of adduction in the right eye. Patient 2 was a 52-year-old male with fixed exotropia of 95 PD in his left eye, which became blind after a severe contusion injury. The third patient was a 46-year-old male who had MR of the right eye cut during endoscopic sinus surgery. Severe limitation of adduction followed with exotropia of 50 PD. We could not find MR in any of the three patients and noted severe adhesion between eyeball and Tenon's capsule. Ocular movement was severely limited horizontally and even vertically. RESULTS: Postoperatively Patient 1 showed orthophoria in follow-up of 2 years. Patient 2 had 16PD of exotropia in follow-up of 13 months, which was cosmetically acceptable. Patient 3 obtained orthophoria after surgery and developed 10 degrees of left head turning to avoid diplopia. CONCLUSIONS: When a patient shows longstanding large angle exotropia with limitation of adduction, we may consider the MR loss. A reasonable treatment may be to align the eyes cosmetically in primary position by weakening the abducting power and suturing the anterior part of nasal Tenon's capsule to the MR insertion site after adhesiolysis.
Contusions ; Diplopia ; Exotropia* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Strabismus ; Tenon Capsule