Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） is a refractory autoimmune disease that can cause symmetrical polyarticular disease. The key mechanism of its occurrence and development is the dysequilibrium of helper T cell 17 （Th17）/regulatory T cell （Treg） balance. Therefore， reconstructing Th17/Treg balance may be a new strategy for the treatment of RA. Traditional Chinese medicine has significant advantages in the treatment of RA such as integrity， multi-target， multi-link and multi-path. This paper summarizes the basic and clinical studies on the regulation of Th17/Treg balance in the treatment of RA by traditional Chinese medicine in the past five years， and finds that the active components/sites of traditional Chinese medicine such as flavonoids， alkaloids and terpenes have unique advantages in the regulation of Th17/Treg balance. The traditional Chinese medicine compound formula interferes with Th17/Treg balance by exerting the effects of dispelling wind， dehumidifying， removing blood stasis， unblocking collaterals， relieving pain， dispersing cold and strengthening health. The effect of external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine is obvious and can be used as a clinical adjuvant therapy for RA； related mechanisms of action include regulating the production of inflammatory factors， regulating the expression of transcription factors and interfering with the activation of signaling pathways. However， the existing research has the shortcomings of insufficient mechanism research， few clinical research， limited external treatment research of traditional Chinese medicine， and lack of combination therapy research， which need to be improved by follow- up research.