BACKGROUND:Dural repair materials in current application mainly include autologous tissue repair material, alograft material, heterogeneous biological material and synthetic material, most of which are imported products with expensive price. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate safety and efficacy of a new biological type dura mater patch made in China based on animal experiments. METHODS:Bilateral dura mater defect models were established in 24 healthy domestic dogs: on the left side of the implant model, a new type biological dura patch was transplanted as experimental group; on the right side, another brand artificial dura patch that was on sale was transplanted as control group. After 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of implantation, we compared degradation, angiogenesis, growth and surrounding tissue reaction of dural substitutes of the experimental group and control group by hematoxylin-eosin staining, detected residual dose of epoxy-cross-linked agent in dogs’ blood and cerebrospinal fluid by fluorescence spectrophotometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During 1-12 months of implantation, al dogs grew wel and no infection or motor disorder was observed. Pathological examination showed that dura substitutes of the experimental group and control group had good biocompatibility, no or slightly inflammatory response. After 6 months of implantation, the surface of the new biological dural substitute (experimental group) was degraded and became a transit-state biomaterial with surrounding tissue, but the control group materials showed no degradation. After 12 months of implantation, the dura patch in the experimental group degraded nearly 50%, which appeared with neovascularization; while, the dura patch in the control group degraded 30%, and neovascularization was observed in only a smal amount of samples. Epoxy compounds of cross-linked agent were not detected in dogs’ blood and cerebrospinal fluid after 1, 3, 7 and 14 postoperative days. These findings show that this new type of biological dural substitute is a safe and effective dural repair material.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Orem self‐care mode on sense of well‐being in patients with schizophrenia by Me‐ta analysis .Methods The databases of CBM ,VIP ,CNKI and Wan Fang Data were searched .All randomized controlled trials(RCT ) about Orem self‐care mode for patients about sense of well‐being were included .Data collection and literature review were per‐formed by two reviewers independently .The RevMan 5 .2 software was taken for analysis .Results Three literatures were includ‐ed .All these articles were regarded as low quality ,and only one article′s score of methodological quality are more than three .The Meta analysis showed there were significant differences between the Orem self‐care mode group and the normal nursing mode group in sense of well‐being .Besides the scores of the Orem self‐care mode group are higher(MD = 16 .29 ,95% CI(14 .54 - 18 .05) ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion The Orem self‐care mode is better than normal nursing for sense of well‐being in patients .However ,trials are only three ,and most trials included in the review are of low quality .So large scale randomized controlled trials of higher quality are needed to confirm the result .

Objective To explore the disruption of circadian rhythm induced by the alteration of il?lumination leads to cognition impairement and mood dysreguation in mice. Methods 36 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into constant light group( CL) ,normal light group( N) and constant darkness group( CD) . Open field test was applied for the comparison of locomotor activity,tail suspension test and forced swimming test were conducted for assessment of mood state,and elevated plus?maze and Morris water maze were con?ducted for assessment of cognitive function. Results ( 1) Different circadian rhythms did not change the lo?comotor activity among three groups (CL:(200 160.00±955.28)cm,N:(208 148.00±578.11)cm,CD:(179 128.00±1 185.80)cm, P>0.05). (2) Compared with the control group,CL and CD mice showed significantly decreased immobility time in both TST (CD:(40.16±3.82)s,N:(18.83±2.27)s,CL:(46.00±2.80)s, P<0.01) and FST(CD:(181.33±9.03)s,N:(118.83±7.68)s,CL:(151.83±3.06)s, P<0.05). (3) Compared with the control group,CL and CD mice spent less time (CD:(21.76±6.88)s,N:(80.67±11.19)s,CL:(12.50±5.23)s, P<0.05) and made fewer entries (CD:3.33±0.49,N:6.83±0.91,CL:2.00±0.77, P<0.05) into open arms in elevated plus?maze, and exhibited less crossings in target quarter in Morris water maze (CL:2.67±0.76,N:5.00±0.26,CD:2.83±0.40, P<0.05). Conclusion Chronic constant light or darkness leads to negative impacts on mood and cognition in mice.

Objective To systematically evaluate the effect of preoperative transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) on perioperative safety of patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Literatures were researched using Chinese Journal Full-text Database,Wanfang database,VIP database,PubMed,Medline from December 1,1994 to May 30,2016 with the key words including “肝细胞癌,肝切除,术前化疗栓塞,经动脉化疗栓塞,liver cancer,hepatocellular carcinoma,liver resection,hepatectomy,transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,transarterial chemoembolization,preoperative” Manual retrieval was also conducted simultaneously.The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about TACE on perioperative safety of patients with resectable HCC were received and enrolled.Patients undergoing surgery after preoperative TACE were allocated into the case group and patients undergoing first-stage resection were allocated into the control group.Two reviewers independently screened literatures,extracted data and assessed the risk of bias.Count data were described as relative risk (RR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI).Measurement data were represented as standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95％CI.The heterogeneity of the studies was analyzed using the I2 test.Results Five RCTs were enrolled in the Meta analysis,and the total sample size was 430 cases including 212 in the case group and 218 in the control group.Results of Meta analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the hemihepatic resection rate between the 2 groups (RR=0.99,95％CI:0.81～ 1.20,P＞0.05).The combined resection rate of perihepatic organs in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (RR=3.42,95％CI:1.91-6.12,P＜0.05).Results of subgroup analysis showed that operation time and incidence of postoperative complications of patients with an average tumor diameter ＞5 cm in the case group were respectively longer and higher than these in the control group (SMD=0.31,RR=1.65,95％CI:0.06-0.57,1.01-2.69,P＜0.05).Conclusion There is no obvious effect of preoperative TACE on resectable HCC,and it can evaluated combined resection rate of perihepatic organs,operation time and incidence of postoperative complications of patients with resectable HCC and an average tumor diameter ＞ 5 cm,and also reduce the perioperative safety.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, with the progress of shock therapy as well as the establishment and promoted application of arterial bypass grafting, thrombolytic therapy, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, extracorporeal circulation on cardiac surgery, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, limb replantation, and organ transplantation, blood reperfusion in multiple organs after ischemia has been achieved. However, the organs which undergo a period of ischemia appear to have the performance of damage aggravation.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of MG53 protein in protecting five organs from ischemia/reperfusion injury, thereby providing reference for further in-depth study.METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed, Duxiu Knowledge Search and CNKI databases was performed for relevant literatures puldished between 1986 and 2016. The key words were MG53, TRIM, Mitsugumin53, ischemic, reperfusion, preconditioning, postconditioning, RISK, membrane damage, Connexin43, KChIP2 in English and MG53, ischemia/reperfusion in Chinese. Finally 61 eligible articles were reviewed in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As a muscle-specific TRIM family protein, endogenous MG53 is involved in the repair of muscle cytomembrane damage, and the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. Exogenous recombinant human MG 53 protein not only repairs membrane damage of various muscles and non-muscle cells, but also protects the myocardium, skeletal muscle, brain, lung and kidney from ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the diagnosis time, pathogen distribution, and drug resistance of fungal bloodstream infection in severe burn patients. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 55 severe burn patients with fungal bloodstream infection (including 46 males and 9 females, aged 42 (1, 78) years) admitted to the intensive care unit of the Institute of Burn Research of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University) from July 2011 to May 2019 for retrospective analysis. Microbial monitoring system was used to cultivate pathogens, API yeast identification kit and Candida chromogenic medium were used to identify pathogens, and Kirby-Bauer paper disk diffusion method was used to detect drug resistance of fungi to fluconazole, amphotericin B, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and voriconazole. The positive rate of blood fungal culture, mortality rate, distribution of local fungal proliferation sites, the diagnosis time distribution of fungal bloodstream infection, the distribution of fungal species, resistance to commonly-used antifungal drugs, and the use of antibiotics were assessed. The WHONET 5.6 software was applied to analyze the distribution and drug resistance of fungi. Results: (1) Totally 4 839 blood samples were collected during the 9 years, and 122 strains of fungi were isolated, with positive rate of 2.52%. The mortality rate was 14.55% (8 patients) in 55 patients. Catheter fungal proliferation ranked the first among 30 cases of local fungal proliferation. (2) The diagnosis time of fungal bloodstream infection mainly distributed in ≤1 week of hospitalization [32.73% (18/55)]. (3) Among the 55 strains of fungi detected, the detection rate of Candida parapsilosis ranked the first (21.82%, 12 strains), Candida glabrata was the second (18.18%, 10 strains), and Candida tropicalis was tied with Candida albicans in the third place (14.55%, 8 strains). All the detected fungi were sensitive to amphotericin B, and the resistance rates to voriconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole were between 4.5% and 9.1%. (4) Droad-spectrum antibiotics were used in all the 55 patients, ≥3 kinds of antibiotics were used in 44 patients, and 37 patients used antibacterial drugs ≥7 days. Conclusions The diagnosis time of fungal bloodstream infection in the 55 severe burn patients was mainly within 1 week of hospitalization. Candida parapsilosis is the most commonly detected fungal species. Catheter fungal proliferation occurs most commonly among the 30 patients with local fungal proliferation. All the detected fungi were sensitive to amphotericin B, with low drug resistance to voriconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were overused in the severe burn patients with fungal bloodstream infection.

Objective To investigate the repairing effect of ursolic acid extracted from Hippophae rhamnoi-des L.on sciatic nerve injury in rats.Methods After preparing a sciatic nerve damage model,thirty 2-month old Wistar rats were randomly divided into ursolic acid and control groups,with 15 rats in each group.Ursolic acid group was given Ursolic acid 150 mg/(kg·d)by gavage,while the control group was given the same dose of normal saline for 6 weeks.After 6 weeks,H&E staining was used to observe the pathological changes of rat sciatic nerves,and SFI and MNCV were calculated;The expression of NGF in sciatic nerve was detected by immunohistochemistry,and the expression of GAP-43 in L4-L6 spinal cord was detected by Western blotting.Results After 6 weeks,compared to the control group,the number of regenerated nerve fibers in the ursolic acid group increased,the arrangement was slightly regular,the capillary structure was abundant,and the proliferation of fibroblasts decreased;SFI and MNCV%were significantly increased(P<0.05),NGF protein positive expression was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).GAP-43 protein expression in sciatic nerve tissue was significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusions The intervention of ursolic acid extracted from Hippophae rhamnoides L.can improve the function of rats after sciatic nerve injury,promote the increase of regenerated nerve fibers and the repair of myelin sheath in rats with sciatic nerve injury,which may be related to increased NGF and GAP-43 protein expression in rats.

BACKGROUND:With the innovation of examination technique,the number of patients with spinal metastases in different stages is increasing year by year.Percutaneous vertebroplasty is an important treatment for spinal metastases;however,there is no report on the biomechanical effect in different stages and different activities after operation. OBJECTIVE:To simulate thoracic T10 bone stress and displacement of the different locations of the tumor metastasis based on the three-dimensional finite element model. METHODS:According to thoracic three-dimensional CT images of a 30-year-old healthy male,Mimics software was used to construct a three-dimensional geometric model of thoracic vertebrae(T9-T11),including ribs,ligaments and intervertebral discs.Three-dimensional models of T9-T11 vertebral bodies and different parts of the posterior thoracic vertebrae invaded by thoracic metastatic tumors were simulated,including the control group with intact vertebral structure,unilateral metastasis involving the vertebral body area(experimental group 1),unilateral metastasis involving the vertebral body and pedicle area(experimental group 2),unilateral metastasis involving the vertebral body,pedicle and transverse process area(experimental group 3),and bilateral metastasis involving the vertebral body,pedicle and transverse process area(experimental group 4).Abaqus software was used to create a three-dimensional finite element model.The von Mises stress distribution and the displacement of the model were analyzed under the loading condition,buckling condition,extension condition,and rotation condition. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In the study of the maximum total displacement of loading points in different experimental groups under loading,flexion,extension,and rotation conditions,with the increase of metastatic tumor invasion site and invasion surface,the total displacement of loading points increased,and the overall stiffness decreased,especially the total displacement of loading points in experimental group 4 was the largest.(2)Under flexion condition,the maximum Von Mises stress value increased significantly after vertebral body and pedicle destruction,while the maximum Von Mises stress value was almost unchanged when the thoracocostal joint destruction was added.(3)On the basis of finite element analysis and simulation of bone tumor model,the elements in the bone cement region were set as a single set,and the bone cement region was set as the corresponding material properties to simulate bone cement filling.The results showed that the maximum total displacement under loading,flexion,extension,and rotation conditions was less than that of each experimental group.(4)The maximum stress values of the simulated percutaneous vertebroplasty patients in the loading,flexion,extension and rotation conditions were significantly lower than those of the femoral model.(5)It is concluded that the three-dimensional finite element model based on thoracic T9-T11 conducive to the biomechanics characteristics of thoracic vertebrae tumor metastasis,and on the basis of the thoracic vertebrae tumor metastasis model can accurately simulate load point after percutaneous vertebral body under different conditions of total displacement and the maximum Von Mises stress situation.

Objective:To investigate the value of tumor hemodynamics and morphological features from conventional dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) scan before surgery in predicting postoperative recurrence time in breast cancer patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 58 patients with breast cancer who had recurred after operation from November 2012 to December 2014 in Liaoning Cancer Hospital was performed. According to the recurrence time, the patients were divided into early recurrence group (≤2 years after surgery, 33 cases) and late recurrence group (>2 years after surgery, 25 cases). All patients underwent routine DCE-MRI scans before surgery, and hemodynamic features of the three-dimensional volume of the tumor and the morphological and textural features of the tumor in each phase were extracted by computer. The counts and measurement data of patients in early recurrence group and late recurrence group were compared by Fisher′s exact probability method and Mann-Whitney U test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn. The multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the combined efficacy in predicting early recurrence and late recurrence. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival prognosis, and Log-Rank test was used to compare the differences in survival curves between groups. Results:There was no significant difference in background parenchymal enhancement, lesion margin, lesion internal enhancement characteristics, lesion morphology, time-signal intensity curve type and the degree of whole-breast vascularity increase between early recurrence and late recurrence groups ( P>0.05).There were significant differences in the maximum concentration of contrast (Max Conc), the area under the time signal curve (AUC) and the maximum slope value of the time signal curve (Max Slope) ( P<0.05). Comparative analysis of the radiomics parameters of 8 phases DCE-MRI found that the sphericity of morphological characteristic parameters in the phase 3 was statistically different between the early recurrence and late recurrence groups ( P=0.03). Area under the ROC curve of AUC, Max Conc, Max Slope and parameter sphericity of phase 3 morphological characteristics for predicting early and late recurrence were 0.664, 0.659, 0.684 and 0.670, respectively. The area under the ROC combined with the above four parameters for prediction was 0.765, with a specificity of 63.6% and a sensitivity of 84.0%; the predictive efficacy was higher than that of univariate. Fifty-eight patients were followed up for 17 to 64 months with a median follow-up of 47 months. The disease-free survival and overall survival in the early recurrence group were significantly lower than those in the late recurrence group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:It is of certain value to predict the postoperative recurrence time of breast cancer based on the tumor hemodynamic characteristics combined with morphological characteristics from preoperative non-invasive conventional DCE-MRI.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Guiling Gao on body temperature, gastrointestinal motility, gastrointestinal hormones, Th1/Th2 cytokines and water metabolism in rats with damp-heat syndrome.Methods:Totally 60 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, mosapride group, Guiling Gao low dose group (3.4 g/kg), medium dose group (6.8 g/kg) and high dose group (13.6 g/kg) according to random number table method, with 10 rats in each group. Except for the blank group, the other groups adopted the method of "environmental factors + fat and sweet diet + biological factors" to prepare the rat model of damp heat syndrome of febrile diseases. After modeling, they were administered by gavage for 7 days. During the experiment, the general state, body weight and body temperature were observed, the gastric residue rate of rats was calculated by weighing method, the intestinal propulsion rate of rats was calculated by charcoal propulsion method, and the levels of serum motilin (MTL), gastrin (GAS), somatostatin (SS), substance P (SP),IL-4 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were detected by ELISA, and the changes of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) mRNA transcription level were detected by real-time PCR.Results:Compared with the model group, the weight of rats in Guiling Gao high dose group increased after experiment of 22 days ( P<0.05), and body temperature of rats in Guiling Gao medium and high dose group decreased in 19-20 day ( P<0.01); and the gastric emptying rate and the small intestine propulsion rate of small intestine in Guiling Gao medium and high dose group increased significantly ( P<0.01 or P<0.05); the serum MTL, GAS and SP levels increased ( P<0.01 or P<0.05), and SS decreased ( P<0.01 or P<0.05) in the Guiling Gao medium and high dose groups; The levels of IL-4, IFN-γ and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio decreased ( P<0.01); The expression of AQP3 mRNA (1.16 ± 0.25 vs. 0.23 ± 0.01) in the Guiling Gao high dose group was up-regulated ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Guiling Gao can effectively improve the activity state of damp-heat syndrome model rats caused by complex factors. This mechanism may be related to enhancing gastrointestinal movement, increasing gastrointestinal hormone secretion, restoring the dynamic balance of immune system Th1/Th2 and promoting the transport of water from intestinal cavity.