Object A systematic study on the chemical constituents of Incarvillea arguta (Royle) Royle was carried out Methods The constituents were isolated on silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC and Sephadex LH 20 column chromatography, identified by physicochemical properties and the sturctures were elucidated by spectral analysis (MS, 1HNMR, 13 CNMR) Results Three compounds were identified as argutine A (Ⅰ), argutine B (Ⅱ) and boschniakinic acid (Ⅲ) Conclusion Compound Ⅰ and Ⅱ are new monoterpene alkaloids, and compound Ⅲ is isolated from Incarrillea A Juss plants for the first time

Objective: To elucidate the correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphism of CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane member 5 ( CMTM5 ) gene rs723840 and the occurrence of high on aspirin platelet reactivity ( HAPR) . Methods:The present study is a case-control study. A total of 210 hospitalized patients in Peking University First Hospital were enrolled. Aspirin response was assessed by 0. 5 g/L arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation ratio (PR), and ≥3/4 quartile of PR of the population was defined as HAPR. Accordingly all the enrolled 210 coronary artery diseases ( CAD) patients were divided into HAPR group and No-HAPR group. The genotypes were determined by poly-merase chain reaction ( PCR) and sequencing analysis for rs723840 of CMTM5 gene. Results:The geno-type frequencies in rs723840 C>T of CMTM5 gene conformed well to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both HAPR group and No-HAPR group. Between the two groups, the genotypes frequencies in HAPR and No-HAPR groups were 48 . 4%, 51 . 6%, 0 . 0% and 73 . 7%, 22 . 9%, 0 . 034%, respectively ( P=0. 004). The C, T allele frequencies were significantly different in the two groups (P =0. 031,OR =0 . 501 , 95%CI:0 . 264-0 . 947 ) . Conclusion:Our study finds a significant correlation between CMTM5 gene rs723840 polymorphism and high on aspirin platelet reactivity.

Objective:To elucidate the correlation between urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 ( 11 dhTxB2 ) and clinical efficacy of aspirin treatment in patients with type 2 diabete and coronary artery disease ( CAD) . Methods:In this prospective cohort study, 169 aged patients with type 2 diabete accom-panying CAD in Peking University First Hospital were enrolled. The level of urinary 11dhTxB2 was detec-ted using enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay. Low aspirin response or high on aspirin platelet reactivity (HAPR) was defined as urinary 11dhTxB2>1 500 ng/g. All the included patients were divided into two groups based on the results, HAPR group and No-HAPR group. Results:Baseline urinary 11dhTxB2 of the patients with type 2 diabete accompanying CAD was ( 3 687 ± 3 052 ) ng/g, while the urinary 11dhTxB2 was (1 954 ± 859) ng/g in patients after 100 mg/d aspirin treatment (P<0. 001). Preva-lence of HAPR in patients with type 2 diabete accompanying CAD were 32 . 5%. Within a mean follow-up time of 12 months, the outcomes occurred more frequently in HAPR group than in No-HAPR group ( P<0 . 05 ) . Conclusion:Urinary 11 dhTxB2 can be recognized as an effective indicator in evaluating aspirin clinical efficacy of patients with type 2 diabete accompanying CAD.

Objective:To investigate the effect of thrombus burden on the clinical outcome of endovascular recanalization in large vessel occlusive stroke.Methods:Patients with acute anterior circulation occlusion who underwent endovascular treatment within 24 hours after onset in Zhengzhou University People′s Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively collected. According to the clot burden score (CBS) of DSA, total objectives were divided into CBS≥6 group (24 cases) and CBS<6 group (38 cases). Clinical data of the two groups were collected and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the clinical outcome at 90 days after surgery. Independent sample t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and χ 2 test were used to compare the clinical data between the two groups. Independent risk factors affecting the clinical outcome were analyzed by binary logistic regression. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in basic demographic data, stroke risk factors and other factors between the CBS≥6 group and CBS<6 group ( P>0.05).The proportion of using tirofiban after surgery in the CBS≥6 group (63.2%, 24/38) was lower than that in the CBS<6 group (87.5%, 21/24) (χ2=4.380, P=0.044). The discharge NIHSS score of the CBS≥6 group was [5.0 (3.3, 7.8) points] lower than CBS<6 group [8.5 (1.8, 14.5) points] ( Z=5.221, P=0.022). The proportion of postoperative mRS 0-2 was (91.7%, 22/24) in the CBS≥6 group higher than CBS<6 group(39.5%, 15/38) (χ2=20.486, P=0.001), there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups ( P<0.05). The results of binary logistics regression analysis showed the CBS groups (OR=0.042, 95%CI 0.007-0.244 , P=0.001) was an independent risk factor affecting good outcome. Subgroup analysis of whether tirofiban was used or not showed there was no statistically significant difference in clinical prognosis between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The clinical outcome of CBS≥6 group is significantly better than that of CBS<6 group, and patients with small thrombus burden are more likely to get a good clinical outcome of 90 days.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of aerial parts of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus.

METHODIsolation and purification were carried out on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC column chromatography. The structures of the compounds were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis.

RESULTNine compounds were isolated and identified as (+)-maackiain (1), brevifolin (2), 7-hydroxy-4'-methoxy isoflavanone (3), daidzein 4',7-diglucoside (4), genistein 4', 7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside (5), isolupalbigenin (6), ononin (7), beta-sitosterol (8), beta-daucosterol (9).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 2, 4 - 6 were obtained from the genus Ammopiptanthus for the first time.

Chromatography, Agarose ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Fabaceae ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Isoflavones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Pterocarpans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Silica Gel ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Taxoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective To investigate the relationship between ischemic time and thrombus types in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods Eighty-two STEMI patients undergone emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary thrombus aspiration (CTA) from Sep.2012 to Apr.2016 were included and divided into 3 groups according to the ischemic time:≤4 hours (n=36),4-7 hours (n=30) and ＞7 hours (n=16).Visible aspirated thrombi were collected and separated into erythrocyte-rich type,platelet/fibrin-rich type and combined type thrombi by HE dying.The percentage difference of the 3 types thrombi was compared among the 3 groups.Results The percentage of platelet/fibrinrich type,erythrocyte-rich type and combined type thrombi in the 3 groups were as follows:in ≤4h group:61.1％(22/36),8.3％(3/36) and 30.6％(11/36),P=0.019;in 4-7h group:23.3％(7/30),10.0％(3/30) and 66.7％(20/30),P=0.012;and in ＞7h group:43.8％(7/16),12.5％(2/16) and 43.8％(7/16),P=0.913.For platelet/fibrin-rich type thrombi,the percentages in 3 periods were 61.1％(22/36),19.4％(7/36) and 19.4％(7/36),P=0.009;For combined type thrombi,the percentages in 3 periods were 28.9％(11/38),52.6％(20/38) and 18.4％(7/38),P=0.013;For erythrocyte-rich type thrombi,the percentages in 3 periods were 37.5％(3/8),37.5％(3/8) and 25.0％(2/8),P=0.895.Conclusions The types of intracoronary aspirated thrombi differ from various periods.Ischemia time may be an important predicted factor.

Objective: To investigate the impact of symptom onset to first medical contact (SO-to-FMC)time on the prognosis of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI). Methods: The clinical data of 341 consecutive STEMI patients, who were hospitalized to our hospital and received primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) from August 2011 to April 2016, were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into ≤90 min group (201 cases) and >90 min group (140 cases) according to the SO-to-FMC time. The treatment time, mortality and incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebro-vascular events(MACCE) were analyzed. The risk factor of 1-year mortality after PCI and 1-year incidence of MACCE during the post-discharge follow-up period were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis. The predictor of 4.5-year mortality after PCI was analyzed by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Methods The door to balloon time (104(88, 125) min vs. 111(92, 144)min, P=0.023), first medical contact to balloon time(146(119, 197) min vs. 177(125, 237)min, P=0.005), and symptom onset-to-balloon time(200(170, 257) min vs. 338(270, 474)min, P<0.001)were all significantly shorter in the ≤90 min group than in>90 min group. The 30-day mortality (2.99% (6/201) vs. 7.86%(11/140), P=0.042), 1-year mortality (2.89 (5/173) vs. 9.57(11/115), P=0.015), 1-year incidence of MACCE during the post-discharge follow-up period(1.16%(2/173) vs. 6.96%(8/115), P=0.021), and 4.5-year cumulative mortality(3.00% vs. 11.20%, P=0.007) after PCI were significantly lower in the ≤90 min group than in the >90 min group. Moreover, the 4.5-year incidence with free of MACCE (97.20% vs. 88.80%, P=0.025) during the post-discharge follow-up period was significantly higher in the ≤90 min group than in the >90 min group. In-hospital mortality was similar between the two groups (2.49%(5/201) vs. 6.43%(9/140), P=0.071). Results: The door to balloon time (104(88, 125) min vs. 111(92, 144)min, P=0.023) , first medical contact to balloon time(146(119, 197) min vs. 177(125, 237)min, P=0.005), and symptom onset-to-balloon time(200(170, 257) min vs. 338(270, 474)min, P<0.001) were all significantly shorter in the ≤90 min group than in >90 min group. The 30-day mortality(2.99% (6/201) vs. 7.86%(11/140), P=0.042), 1-year mortality (2.89(5/173) vs. 9.57(11/115), P=0.015), 1-year incidence of MACCE during the post-discharge follow-up period (1.16%(2/173) vs. 6.96%(8/115), P=0.021), and 4.5-year cumulative mortality (3.00% vs. 11.20%, P=0.007) after PCI were significantly lower in the ≤90 min group than in the >90 min group. Moreover, the 4.5-year incidence with free of MACCE (97.20% vs. 88.80%, P=0.025) during the post-discharge follow-up period was significantly higher in the ≤90 min group than in the >90 min group. In-hospital mortality was similar between the two groups (2.49%(5/201) vs. 6.43%(9/140), P=0.071). Results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that the SO-to-FMC time >90 min was the risk factor of 1-year mortality(OR=2.90, 95%CI 1.22-6.92, P=0.016) and 1-year incidence of MACCE (OR=5.19, 95%CI 1.21-22.20, P=0.026) during the post-discharge follow-up period. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the SO-to-FMC time >90 min was the risk factor of 4.5-year mortality after PCI in patients with STEMI (HR=2.88, 95%CI 1.10-7.53, P=0.031). Conclusion Shorting the SO-to-FMC time can significantly reduce the treatment time of STEMI patients, short and long-term mortalities and the incidence of MACCE, and improve the prognosis of patients with STEMI.

Objective:To study the effects of fluoride on apoptosis and oxidative stress levels of spinal cord nerve cells in rats.Methods:A total of 54 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley female rats, weighing 150 - 200 g, were selected and fed for 1 week. They were divided into a control group [given deionized water containing 0 mg/L sodium fluoride (NaF)], a low fluoride group (given deionized water containing 50 mg/L NaF), and a high fluoride group (given deionized water containing 100 mg/L NaF) using a random number table method, with 18 rats in each group. All groups received standard feed. After 4, 8, and 12 weeks of fluoride exposure, six rats were selected from each group to observe the occurrence of dental fluorosis, and the motor function of hind limbs in rats was evaluated based on the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score. Then the rats were anesthetized with 5% chloral hydrate via intraperitoneal injection and euthanized by cardiac puncture. Spinal cord tissue of the rats was collected to detect the activities of oxidative stress factors such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT). After 12 weeks of fluoride exposure, morphologic changes in rat spinal cord neurons were observed using Nissl staining, and apoptosis of spinal cord nerve cells was detected using the TdT mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) cell apoptosis detection kit. The Western blotting was used to detect the expression of B-lymphoblastoma-2 (Bcl-2) gene related X protein (Bax), Bcl-2 promoter (Bad), and Bcl-2 protein in rat spinal cord tissue; immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 protein in spinal cord neurons.Results:After 12 weeks of fluoride exposure, rats in both the low fluoride and high fluoride groups developed varying degrees of dental fluorosis; the differences of BBB scores of rats in the control, low fluoride, and high fluoride groups were statistically significant ( F = 14.09, P < 0.001). The differences of SOD [(124.04 ± 4.87), (96.66 ± 15.01), (91.12 ± 15.87) U/mg prot] and GSH-Px activitives [(561.92 ± 59.65), (456.83 ± 29.51), (385.07 ± 74.87) U/mg prot], MDA [(9.96 ± 1.50), (16.64 ± 2.05), (20.80 ± 3.37) nmol/mg prot] and CAT contents [(8.97 ± 1.05), (6.39 ± 0.97), (6.42 ± 0.83) nmol/mg prot] among the control, low fluoride, and high fluoride groups were statistically significant ( F = 11.17, 14.19, 30.12, 14.52, P < 0.05). Among them, the SOD, GSH-Px activities, and CAT content in the low fluoride and high fluoride groups were lower than those in the control group, while the MDA content was higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.05). The GSH-Px activity in the high fluoride group was lower than that in the low fluoride group, and MDA content was higher than that in the low fluoride group ( P < 0.05). The intact neuronal structures and clear visible nuclei were seen, and Nissl bodies were uniformly stained in the spinal cord neurons of the control group rats, with more numbers, and no apoptotic cells were observed; the staining of Nissl bodies in the spinal cord neurons of rats was uneven in the low fluoride and high fluoride groups, with fewer numbers, and more apoptotic cells. There were statistically significant differences in the apoptosis rate of spinal cord nerve cells and the expression levels of Bax, Bad, and Bcl-2 protein in the spinal cord tissues of rats in the control, low fluoride, and high fluoride groups ( F = 272.81, 35.53, 17.57, 92.50, P < 0.05). The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that there were statistically significant differences in the fluorescent intensity of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in the spinal cord neurons of rats in the control, low fluoride, and high fluoride groups ( F = 12.67, 22.14, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Chronic fluorosis induces a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity, an increase in lipid peroxidation levels, and an increase in neuronal apoptosis in the spinal cord of rats.

Objective To investigate the role of nitric oxide synthase(NOS)in the regulation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(IR)injury in ovariectomized(OVX)rats.Methods A total of 132 female SD rats were subjected,and 48 of them were randomly divided into sham operation group,IR group,OVX group and combined group,with 12 in each group.In order to explore the role of endothelous NOS(eNOS)and inducible NOS(iNOS)in ovariectomization increasing myo-cardial IR injury,another 84 mice were divided into negative sham group,negative IR group,nega-tive combined group,eNOS+IR group,eNOS combined group,iNOS small interfering RNA(si-iNOS)+IR group and si-iNOS combined group,with 12 in each group.The mice of the corre-sponding groups were injected with adeno-associated virus(AAV)overexpressing eNOS or knoc-king down iNOS via tail vein before OVX modeling.Myocardial infarct size,serum levels of lac-tate dehydrogenase(LDH)and creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),LVEF,LVFS,and expression levels of eNOS and iNOS in the myocardial tissues were measured.Results The com-bined group had significantly increased level of iNOS in myocardium,larger myocardial infarct size and elevated serum LDH and CK-MB levels,but decreased myocardial expression of eNOS and LVEF and LVFS values than the IR group(P＜0.05).When compared with the negative combined group,the myocardial infarct size and serum LDH and CK-MB levels were decreased[(23.51±3.22)％and(26.21±2.93)％vs(58.78±5.42)％,(176.31±15.48 and 169.52±17.12 vs 328.85±37.12 U/L,35.41±6.41 and 34.77±5.94 vs 88.73±9.14 U/L,P＜0.05],and the LVEF and LVFS values were increased[(41.31±3.12)％and(42.09±3.41)％vs(30.77± 2.15)％,(21.47±1.57)％and(21.32±1.42)％vs(15.92±1.33)％,P＜0.05]in the eNOS com-bined group and si-iNOS combined group.Conclusion The decrease of eNOS expression and in-crease of iNOS expression are related to the aggravation of myocardial IR injury in OVX rats.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intracranial stenting as a rescue therapy for acute anterior large vessel occlusive stroke after stentriever thrombectomy failure.Methods A total of 60 patients with acute anterior large vessel occlusive stroke failed to stent retriever thrombectomy in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2017 were chosen in our study.Among the 60 patients with stent retrieval failure,43 patients received stent placement as rescue therapy (stenting rescue group),and 17 patients received other methods as rescue therapy (non-stenting rescue group).Modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction grading was applied to evaluate vascular re-canalization immediately after operation;modified Rankin scale (mRS) was applied to determine the prognoses of the patients 90 d after operation;the occurrences of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and stent re-stenosis within 6 months after operation were recorded in the two groups.Results As compared with those in the non-stenting rescue group,the rate of immediate postoperative vascular re-canalization and favorable prognosis rate in the stenting rescue group (35.29％ vs.81.40％ and 23.53％ vs.53.49％)were statistically higher (P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in proportions of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and death between the stenting rescue group and non-stenting rescue group (11.76％ vs.13.95％;29.41％ vs.23.26％,P＞0.05).DSA follow-up showed that 4 patients in the stenting rescue group had stent re-stenosis,but all of them were asymptomatic.Conclusions Intracranial stenting as a rescue therapy for acute anterior large vessel occlusive stroke after failure of retrieval stent is feasible and safe.