Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among freshmen in a vocational college in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, so as to provide insights into tuberculosis control in vocational colleges. Methods : All freshmen enrolled in a vocational college in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2020 were recruited and participants' demographics, life style, history of tuberculosis contacts, frequency of ventilation and disinfection in dormitories and classrooms and awareness of core tuberculosis control knowledge were collected through questionnaire surveys. LTBI was detected among freshmen by means of purified protein derivative test (PPD skin test) and chest X-ray scans, and the factors affecting LTBI were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 5 463 freshmen were screened for LTBI, with a screening rate of 100.00%, and the participants included 2 151 men and 3 312 women, with a male/female ratio of 0.65︰1, and had a mean age of (16.83±1.05) years. A total of 388 freshmen were detected with LTBI, with a detection rate of 7.10%, and no active pulmonary tuberculosis was detected. The prevalence of LTBI was 9.44% in men and 5.59% in women. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified males (OR=1.587, 95%CI: 1.281-1.965), smoking (OR=2.108, 95%CI: 1.355-3.278) and a history of tuberculosis of families (OR=2.851, 95%CI: 1.615-5.034) as risk factors for LTBI among freshmen, and knowing core tuberculosis control knowledge as a protective factor of LTBI among freshmen (OR=0.276, 95%CI: 0.218-0.350). Conclusions The risk of LTBI was associated with gender, smoking, history of tuberculosis of families and understanding of the core tuberculosis control knowledge among freshmen in this vocational college in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Health education about the core tuberculosis control knowledge is recommended to be reinforced among students in vocational colleges in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Objective:To identify age and gender standardized body mass index among children and adolescents and explore their associations with high blood pressure (HBP) in late adolescence.Methods:The current study was based on the Health Promotion Program for Children and Adolescents, school-based surveillance successively conducted from 2012 to 2019 in Suzhou, China. A total of 11 812 children and adolescents aged 16-18 years, who had ≥4 examination records during 2012-2018 and were also involved in a surveillance program in 2019, were included. Latent class growth mixture modeling was used to identify the BMI-Z trajectories in different genders, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between different BMI-Z trajectories and risk of HBP in late adolescence.Results:Six distinct BMI-Z trajectories were determined for both genders:thin, slightly thin,standard, declining, overweight, and obese. Compared with the regular group, the obesity group had 94.0% ( OR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.43-2.63) and 107.0% ( OR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.33-3.22) increased risk of developing HBP in late adolescence in boys and girls, respectively. However, a neutral association was found between the descending group and HBP in late adolescence. Conclusions:Persistent obesity in children may increase the risk of HBP in their late adolescence. If an obese child restores normal weight before late adolescence, the risk of HBP may reduce.

African swine fever(ASF)is an acute and highly pathogenic hemorrhagic disease of pigs,causing huge economic losses to pig industry.In order to quantitatively detect clinical samples of ASF and inactivated ASFV antigens,the IgG of ASF positive serum was used as capture anti-body and the HRP-labeled p72 monoclonal antibody was used as detecting antibody.The standard curve was drawn with the cell-cultured ASFV,and a sandwich ELISA detection of antigen was es-tablished.The specificity,sensitivity and stability of the method were evaluated.The effects of dif-ferent inactivation methods and adjuvant addition on antigen detection were further evaluated.The results showed that the minimum detection limits of the recombinant protein and the ASFV were 0.1 mg/L and 103.7 TCID50/mL,respectively.There was no cross-reaction with five common porcine pathogenic viruses,and the coefficient variations between batches was less than 10％.The total co-incidence rate with real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was 92％(23/25).The sensitivity of antigen detection was significantly reduced when antigen was treated by BEI inactivation,and the detection results were severely interfered by aluminum adjuvant and nano-adjuvant.In summary,the sandwich ELISA antigen detection method established is specific,sensitive,and repeatable,with a good consistency to the qPCR method,which provides an effective clinical diagnostic meth-od for ASFV antigen.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness, safety and cost between urinary follicle stimulating hormone (uFSH) and recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) in controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in China.Methods:Data were collected from 16 reproductive centers in China covering oocytes collection time from May 1, 2015 to June 30, 2018. Eligible patients were over 18 years old, adopting COS with uFSH (uFSH group) or rFSH (rFSH group) as start gonadotropins (Gn), and using in vitro fertilization (IVF) and (or) intracytoplasmic sperm injection for fertilisation, excluding frozen embryo recovery cycle. Generalised estimating equation was used to address the violation of independency assumption between cycles due to multiple IVF cycles for one person and clustering nature of cycles carried out within one center. Controlling variables included age, body mass index, anti-Müllerian hormone level, cause of infertility, ovulation protocol, type of fertilisation, number of embryos transferred, number of days of Gn use.Results:Totally 102 061 cycles met eligibility criteria and were included in the analyses. In terms of effectiveness, after controlling relevant unbalanced baseline characteristics, compared with rFSH group, the high oocyte retrieval (>15 oocytes was considered high retrieval) rate of uFSH group significantly decreased in gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist protocol ( OR=0.642, P<0.01) and in gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol ( OR=0.556, P=0.001), but the clinical pregnancy rate per transfer cycle and the live birth rate per transfer cycle significantly increased ( OR=1.179, OR=1.169, both P<0.01) in both agonist and antagonist protocols. For safety, multiple analysis result demonstrated that in the agonist protocol, compared with rFSH group, the incidence of moderate to severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome of uFSH group significantly decreased ( OR=0.644, P=0.002). The differences in ectopic pregnancy rate and multiple pregnancy rate between the uFSH and rFSH groups were not significant ( P=0.890, P=0.470) in all patients. In terms of cost, compared with rFSH group, the uFSH group had lower total Gn costs for each patient ( P<0.01). Conclusion:For patients who underwent COS, uFSH has better safety, and economic profiles over rFSH in China.

Objective To investigate the expression discordances of estrogen receptor ( ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor2 ( HER?2) and Ki?67 in primary and metastatic breast cancer specimens and explore the clinical significances. Methods Biopsies of metastatic lesions were performed in 203 patients with breast cancer recurrence and metastasis indicated by physical examination and／or imaging examination. We confirmed pathological properties and assessed the expressions of ER, PR, HER?2 and Ki?67 in primary and metastatic lesions, their relationships with prognosis were also analyzed. Results Biopsy failed in 3 patients, the pathology and immunohistochemitry results of metastatic lesions were not obtained. One person was diagnosed as tuberculosis and another was primary lung cancer. Among the 198 cases of primary and metastatic lesions, the discordance rates of ER, PR, HER?2 and Ki?67 were 27.3%, 34.3%, 11.8% and 15.1%, respectively.The expressions of ER, HER?2 and Ki?67 were not significantly different between the primary and metastatic lesions, however, the expressions of PR were more likely to turn negative in the metastases (P＜0.001). The disease?free survival (DFS) of patients with ER, PR positive, HER?2 negative and low expression of Ki?67 in metastatic lesion was much longer ( P＜0.05). Conclusions The expressions of ER, PR, HER?2 and Ki?67 in metastatic lesions are associated with the prognosis of breast cancer patients.Their expression discordances between primary and metastatic lesions can guide the treatment and evaluate the risks of recurrence and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the expression discordances of estrogen receptor ( ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor2 ( HER?2) and Ki?67 in primary and metastatic breast cancer specimens and explore the clinical significances. Methods Biopsies of metastatic lesions were performed in 203 patients with breast cancer recurrence and metastasis indicated by physical examination and／or imaging examination. We confirmed pathological properties and assessed the expressions of ER, PR, HER?2 and Ki?67 in primary and metastatic lesions, their relationships with prognosis were also analyzed. Results Biopsy failed in 3 patients, the pathology and immunohistochemitry results of metastatic lesions were not obtained. One person was diagnosed as tuberculosis and another was primary lung cancer. Among the 198 cases of primary and metastatic lesions, the discordance rates of ER, PR, HER?2 and Ki?67 were 27.3%, 34.3%, 11.8% and 15.1%, respectively.The expressions of ER, HER?2 and Ki?67 were not significantly different between the primary and metastatic lesions, however, the expressions of PR were more likely to turn negative in the metastases (P＜0.001). The disease?free survival (DFS) of patients with ER, PR positive, HER?2 negative and low expression of Ki?67 in metastatic lesion was much longer ( P＜0.05). Conclusions The expressions of ER, PR, HER?2 and Ki?67 in metastatic lesions are associated with the prognosis of breast cancer patients.Their expression discordances between primary and metastatic lesions can guide the treatment and evaluate the risks of recurrence and prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate and compare the protective effects of Astragaloside IV (AST) and Quercetin (QUE) on rat myocardial cells after their exposure to hypoxia, and to determine their dose-effect relationship.

METHODSMyocardial cells from fetal SD rat were cultured in vitro and divided into 7 groups: i.e. A (hypoxia), B (hypoxia and 100 mg/L of QUE), C (hypoxia and 50 mg/L of QUE), D (hypoxia and 25 mg/L of QUE), E (hypoxia and 50.0 mg/L of AST), F (hypoxia and 25.0 mg/L of AST), G (hypoxia and 12.5 mg/L AST) H(hypoxia and 10 mg/L of VitE) groups. Different doses of AST and QUE were added into the culture media cells in each group before the myocardial cells receiving hypoxia for 12 hrs. The number of viable cells (CCK-8) and the content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), active oxygen (ROS, with detection only in A, C, F and H groups) were determined after hypoxia.

RESULTSThe amount of LDH, MDA, ROS (C, F groups) in group B - G decreased significantly compared with those of group A, while the number of viable cells and the SOD content increased significantly. The protective effects were better in group B - G than that of the group H. With the same dosage, levels of LDH, CCK-8 in AST-treated groups were significantly lower than those in QUE-treated group (the number of viable cells in group C, F was 0.454 +/- 0.018, 0.471 +/- 0.017, and the content of lactate dehydrogenase was 2800 +/- 9,2312 +/- 52). There were no significant differences in MDA, SOD and ROS levels between AST and QUE treated groups (ROS in C and F groups were 16.0 +/- 5.3 vs 22.4 +/- 8.7, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAST and QUE might be beneficial in the protection of myocardial cells against hypoxia because of attenuation of oxidative damage. The protective effects of both AST and QUE are better than that of VitE, and that of AST is better than QUE as shown by a decrease in the amount of LDH and increase in the number of viable cells with the same dosage, but no obvious difference is shown between them in attenuating oxidative damage.

Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Quercetin ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Triterpenes ; pharmacology

AIM To investigate the effects of Zhuangyao Shuanglu Tongnao Formula on neuronal apoptosis in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury based on the study of oxidative stress and inflammatory response.METHODS The rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group,the model group,the edaravone group(3.0 mg/kg),the low,medium and high dose groups(9.0,18.0,36.0 g/kg)of Zhuangyao Shuanglu Tongnao Formula,with 18 rats in each group.The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion was conducted by thread embolism method to simulate cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats followed by 6 days corresponding drugs administration.Subsequently,the rats had their neurological function deficit scored by Zeal Longa scoring method;their sizes of cerebral infarction areas measured by TTC staining;their pathological damage and apoptosis of neurons in hippocampal CA1 area of ischemic penumbra of the brain tissue detected by HE staining and TUNEL staining;their SOD activity and levels of GSH,MDA,IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α in brain tissue detected by kits;and their protein expressions of Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3,cleaved-capase-3,TLR4,NF-κB p65,Nrf2,HO-1 in rat brain tissue determined by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the groups intervened with edaravone,medium and high dose of Zhuangyao Shuanglu Tongnao Formula displayed improvements in the scores of nerve function defects,the rate of cerebral infarction,the rate of neuronal apoptosis,the levels of IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α and MDA in the ischemic penumbra of brain tissues,the protein expressions of Bax and TLR4,the ratio of cleaved-capase-3/caspase-3 and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65(P＜0.05),the levels of GSH,the activity of SOD and the protein expressions of Bcl-2,Nrf2 and HO-1(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION Being an inhibitor of oxidative stress and inflammatory response,Zhuangyao Shuanglu Tongnao Formula can alleviate brain injury in rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury through the inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and improvement of neural function mediated by the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway.

INTRODUCTIONEarly use of mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) may improve survival outcomes. Current evidence for such devices uses outcomes from an intention-to-treat (ITT) perspective. We aimed to determine whether early use of mechanical CPR using a LUCAS 2 device results in better outcomes.

METHODSA prospective, randomised, multicentre study was conducted over one year with LUCAS 2 devices in 14 ambulances and manual CPR in 32 ambulances to manage OHCA. The primary outcome was return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Secondary outcomes were survival at 24 hours, discharge from hospital and 30 days.

RESULTSOf the 1,274 patients recruited, 1,191 were eligible for analysis. 889 had manual CPR and 302 had LUCAS CPR. From an ITT perspective, outcomes for manual and LUCAS CPR were: ROSC 29.2% and 31.1% (odds ratio [OR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82-1.45; p = 0.537); 24-hour survival 11.2% and 13.2% (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.81-1.78; p = 0.352); survival to discharge 3.6% and 4.3% (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.62-2.33; p = 0.579); and 30-day survival 3.0% and 4.0% (OR 1.32, 95% CI 0.66-2.64; p = 0.430), respectively. By as-treated analysis, outcomes for manual, early LUCAS and late LUCAS CPR were: ROSC 28.0%, 36.9% and 24.5%; 24-hour survival 10.6%, 15.5% and 8.2%; survival to discharge 2.9%, 5.8% and 2.0%; and 30-day survival 2.4%, 5.8% and 0.0%, respectively. Adjusted OR for survival with early LUCAS vs. manual CPR was 1.47 after adjustment for other variables (p = 0.026).

CONCLUSIONThis study showed a survival benefit with LUCAS CPR as compared to manual CPR only, when the device was applied early on-site.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the consistency of gene mutation sites between bone marrow DNA (BM-tDNA) and perepheral plasma circulating tumor DNA (PP-ctDNA) in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). METHODS: The simultaneous sampled BM and PP from 19 patients (SBPP) was detected by NGS-127 gene panel, and the consistency of VAF between BM-tDNA and PP-ctDNA was analyzed. The peripheral blood cell tumor DNA (PC-tDNA) of 5 out of 19 patients was detected randomly, the consistency of VAF among PC-tDNA，BM-tDNA and PP-ctDNA was analyzed. The non simultaneous sampled BM and PP from 13 patients (NBPP) was detected, and the difference value of VAF between BM-tDNA and PP-ctDNA in SBPP and NBPP was analyzed. RESULTS: The average concentration of PP-ctDNA in SBPP was 0.59 ng/µl and 0.604 ng/µl in NBPP. The median concentration of PP-ctDNA in SBPP and NBPP was 0.330 ng/µl and 0.338 ng/µl, respectively. The study showed a good consistency of VAF between BM-tDNA and PP-ctDNA in the SBPP (R=0.9693, P<0.05), and the consistency of VAF between BM-tDNA and PP-ctDNA in single base replacement (SNP) sites (R=0.9712) was better than that in insertion deletion (Indel) sites (R=0.6813). The results showed a good consistency of VAF between BM-tDNA and PP-ctDNA both in 12 patients before treatment (R=0.9325, P<0.05) and 5 patients (R=0.9875, P<0.05) after treatment. The results also showed that the VAF of PC-tDNA had a good consistency with the VAF of BM-tDNA (R=0.8783) and PP-ctDNA (R=0.8783) (P<0.05). The difference value of VAF between BM-tDNA and PP-ctDNA in SBPP was significantly lower than that in NBPP (P<0.05). CONCLUSION PP can replace BM as a biological sample for genes mutation detection in patients with MDS due to its stable concentration, high degree of consistency with bone marrow in clinical significant mutation sites and easy collection.
Bone Marrow Neoplasms ; Circulating Tumor DNA ; DNA, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Mutation ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes