Objective To detect the expression of aquaporin 1 in pancreas of rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and to study the effect of Dachengqi decoction on it.MethodsOne hundred and sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group ( C group,n =32 ),ANP group ( n =32),Dexamethasone group (De group,n =32),Acetazolamide group (A group,n =32) and Dachengqi decoction group (DD group,n =32).ANP model was induced by retrograde injection of 5％ sodium taurocholate into the biliary and pancreatic duct.Rats in De group received dexamethasone (4 mg/kg) intravenously after ANP induction; while rats in A group received 1 ml acetazolamide via gastric lavage 2 h before ANP induction; rats in DD group received 2 ml Dachengqi decoction via gastric lavage 48,24,2h before ANP induction; rats in C group received laparotomy.Eight rats in each group were sacrificed at 3 h,6 h,12 h and 18h after induction of ANP models.Quantity of ascites and levels of serum amylases were measured.Pathological changes in pancreas tissue were detected by HE and electron microscope.Capillary permeability in pancreas tissue was detected by Evans Blue (EB) extravasations method.AQP1 expression in pancreas tissue was detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting.ResultsLevels of serum amylase in ANP group was significantly higher,and the pancreatic injuries were obvious ; the levels of serum amylase in De group and DD group was lower than that in ANP group,and the pancreatic injuries were attenuated.The levels of serum amylase in A group were higher than that in ANP group,and the pancreatic.injuries were more severe than that in ANP group.Six hours after ANP induction,the levels of EB in pancreas were (13.44 ±2.56),(126.35 ± 14.80),(86.31 ± 14.46),( 108.99 ± 15.07 ),(78.29 ± 16.85 ) mg/L In C group,ANP group,De group,A group and DD group,and the expression of AQP1 mRNA in pancreatic tissue was ( 170.07 ± 22.48 ) ％,( 83.93 ± 8.98 ) ％,( 117.09 ±10.70 ) ％,( 69.00 ± 8.98 ) ％,( 112.82 ± 11.79 ) ％ ; and the expression of AQP1 protein was 0.23 ± 0.06,0.10 ±0.02,0.32 ±0.03,0.13 ±0.02,0.45 ±0.04.The content of EB in ANP group was higher than that in C group,while the expression of AQP1 mRNA and protein in ANP group was significantly lower than that in C group (P ＜ 0.05 ).The content of EB in De group and DD group was significantly lower than that in ANP group,while the expression of AQP1 mRNA and protein was significantly higher than that in ANP group (P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsAQP1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of capillary endothelial barrier dysfunction in rats with ANP.Dachengqi Decoction can attenuate pancreatic injuries of rats by regulating the expression of AQP1.

Objective To study the effect of aquaporin 1 on intestinal capillary endothelial barrier in rats with experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP).Methods In this study,160 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups:Control group ( n =32),ANP group (n =32),NS group,Dexamethasone group,and Acetazolamide group.Eight rats in each group were sacrificed at 3,6,12 and 18 h after induction of experimental models.Volume of ascites and levels of serum amylases were deternined at each time point.Pathological changes in intestine tissues were observed under electron microscope after HE staining.Capillary permeeabilities in intestine tissues were detected by Evans blue (EB) extravasation experiment.The mRNA and protein expressions of AQP1 in intestine tissue were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting,respectively.Results Serum amylase level in ANP group was significantly higher than that in control group.Amylase level in dexamethasone group was lower than that in ANP group,and amylase level in acetazolamide group was higher than that in ANP group at 12 h (P ＜0.05 ) ; The concentration of EB in intestine tissues at each time point in ANP group was significantly higher than those in control group,and EB in dexamethasone group was lower than those in ANP group at 6,12 and 18 h.EB in acetazolamide group was higher than that in ANP group at 3 h ( P ＜ 0.05 ) ; The mRNA expression of AQPI in ANP group was significantly lower than that in control group.The expression of AQP1 in dexamethasone group was higher than those in ANP group at 6,12 and 18 h,and the expression of AQP1 in acetazolamide group was lower than that in ANP group at 3,6,12 h in intestine tissue ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Protein expression of AQPI in tissues in ANP group was significantly lower than that in control group.The expression of AQP1 in dexamethasone group increased more than that in ANP group at 3,6,12 h,and the expression of AQP1 in acetazolamide group was lower than that in ANP group at 3 h,6 h ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The expression of AQP1 is down-regulated in intestine tissue in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis,and AQP1 could play an important role in the pathogenesis of capillary endothelial barrier dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the influence of follow-up treatment compliance on prognosis after gastroesophageal varices treated under endoscopy.Methods Up to 416 liver cirrhosis patients after gastroesophageal varices treated under endoscopy were follow-up and divided into compliance group and control group according to whether the patients had follow-up treatment compliance condition.The factors caused the difference of follow-up treatment compliance were analyzed.The differences in the follow-up indexes such as rebleeding,mortality,rehospitalization were compared between the two groups.The differences in indexes between two groups were stratifiedly analyzed according to liver function Child-Pugh classification.Chi-square four data table test was for two independent samples comparison.Results The differences of education level,income and the medical condition of residential area determined the difference of follow-up compliance.After gastroesophageal varices patients treated under endoscopy,the total rebleeding rate was 35.1 ％ (146/416) and and the mortality rate was 9.4％ (39/416).The rebleeding rate and mortality rate of the compliance group were significantly lower than those of control group (26.1％ (61/234) vs 46.7％(85/182),x2=19.137,P＜0.01; 6.4％(15/234) vs 13.2％(24/182),x2=5.533,P=0.019).Among the 273 Child-Pugh A level patients,the detection rate of liver cancer (3.7％,10/273),liver transplantation rate (3.7％,10/273),splenectomy plus portal azygous disconnection rate (6.6％,18/ 273) of compliance group were higher than those of control group (x2 =4.086,P =0.043; x2 =4.086,P=0.043; x2 =5.515,P=0.019).Among the 102 Child-Pugh B level patients,there were statistical differences between compliance group and control group in rebleeding rate (x2 =21.297,P＜0.01),motality (x2=3.525,P=0.042),ascites (x2=4.451,P=0.035),life quality (x2 =10.454,P=0.001) and liver function (x2 =8.197,P=0.004).However,there were no statistical differences in all indexes between the two groups of Child-Pugh C level patients (all P＞0.05).Conclusion To improve the follow-up treatment compliance remarkably,decreased the rebleeding rate and mortality,contributed to early detection of liver cancer and early liver transplatation,thus the prognosis was improved consequently.

Objective To detect and compare the pH value of different locations in esophagus and trachea of mice.Methods 40 male Kunming mice of clean grade were randomly divided into two groups,of which the esophagus(esophageal group) and trachea(windpipe group) were measured,before the experiment two groups kept 12 hours abrosia.The esophagus and trachea of the rats in two groups were dissected and separated out,the distance from the central incisors were 0.3 cm,0.5 cm,0.7 cm,the incision was like 'T'.The sensitive grade of pH test paper was used for the determination,and the data was recorded in each group and analyzed.Results All the mice were measured successfully.The pH of the esophagus group were (6.10±0.17),(5.84±0.11),(5.44±0.11),and the pH value of the trachea group were(7.44±0.11),(7.19±0.11),(6.97±0.07),respectively.There was a significant difference in the same segment between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The results showed that the differences in the pH values of trachea and esophagus and the pH values of different segments,which provides a theoretical basis for the design of model mice by intragastric administration of pH to identify the value of trachea and esophagus.

Objective To observe the spatiotemporal characteristics of the micro-structural injury in a rat model of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and quantitatively assess the axonal injury severity in the vulnerable areas. Methods The 7.0 T MRI was performed in rats in DAI group (n =20) and control group ( n = 15 ) to synthesize the diffusion tensor imaging ( DTI) parameter map and calculate the parameter value of the vulnerable areas. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect β-APP expression in the vulnerable areas and the IPP software to quantitatively assess the axonal injury severity. Results Compared with the control group, FA and AD maps showed local signal defection or reduction in the corpus callosum and their values decreased significantly in the brain stem and corpus callosum in the DAI group (P ＜0.01 ). The integrated optical density (IOD) value of the vulnerable areas in the DAI group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P ＜ 0. 01 ) , with the highest level in the brain stem (P＜0.05). The normalized FA, AD and ADC in the vulnerable areas were correlated negatively with the IOD (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion DTI can detect invisible micro-structural injury in the vulnerable areas and quantitatively assess the axonal injury severity in vivo in the early stage.

Teeth are the hardest organs in the human body. They are not easily affected by external physical and chemical factors to degrade or deform. Dental age assessment has been widely used in forensic practice. Dental image is one of the most common methods in the age estimation. The emergence of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) technology provides a new way to obtain three-dimensional image of teeth. It has many advantages such as low-dose radiation, short-time scanning, high-precision image, and finical convenience. Recent development of CBCT technology and its application on age estimation are reviewed in this paper.
Age Determination by Teeth/methods* ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/trends* ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional

OBJECTIVETo investigate different treatment methods for stage-Is testicular mixed germ cell tumors (TMGCTs).

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 3'cases of stage-Is TMGCTs (aged 26-39 years) treated in the 175th Hospital of PLA, reviewed relevant literature, and explored the clinical characteristics of TMGCTs.

RESULTSOf the 3 patients, 1 was treated by radical orchiectomy, 1 by radical orchiectomy + retroperitoneal lymph node dissection + BEP chemotherapy scheme, and the other by radical orchiectomy + radiotherapy. The pathological components of TMGCTs were immature teratoma, seminoma, spermatocytoma, chorioepithelioma, embryonal carcinoma, and yolk sac tumor. No recurrence or distant metastasis was found during the 24-month follow-up after surgery.

CONCLUSIONThe diagnosis of TMGCTs primarily depends on physical examination, ultrasonography, MRI, and measurement of serum tumor markers, while its confirmation necessitates pathological examination, and its treatment is basically radical orchiectomy.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Embryonal ; pathology ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; pathology ; surgery ; Orchiectomy ; Retrospective Studies ; Seminoma ; pathology ; Teratoma ; pathology ; Testicular Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To determine equilibrium solubility and apparent partition coefficient of salicylic acid at 25 ℃,and to provide a theoretical basis for design and preparation of its formulation.Methods Equilibrium solubility and apparent partition coefficient (Papp) of salicylic acid were respectively investigated in water,hydrochloric acid solution (pH 1.0) and phosphate buffer solution system (pH 2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0,7.8) at 25 ℃.The shake flask method and HPLC were used.The column was Waters C18 (4.6 mm ×250 mm,5 μn) with the mobile phase as methanol-0.1％ phosphoric acid water (47:53).The column temperature was room temperature.The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1.The detection wavelength was 270 nm and injection volume was 20 μL.Results Equilibrium solubility of salicylic acid was (2.205 ±0.020) mg·mL-1 at 25 ℃ in Water and its Papp was (6.18 ±0.08).The solubility were (1.169 × 10-3 ±7.40 × 10-6),(2.250 ±0.010),(2.410±0.010),(2.694 ±0.003),(5.208 ±0.010),(5.826 ±0.006),(6.255 ±0.030),(3.353 ±0.070) mg·mL-1,respectively,at hydrochloric acid solution (pH 1.0) and phosphate buffer solution system (pH 2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0,7.8),and the corresponding Papp were (16.39 ±0.19),(4.23 ±0.07),(6.03 ±0.11),(5.56 ±0.10),(1.25 ±0.01),(0.27 ± 0.001),(0.08 ± 0.001) and (0.07 ± 0.002),respectively.Conclusion The solubility of salicylic acid increases and its oil-water partition coefficient declines with pH value increasing.Salicylic acid is slightly soluble in water and oil.It belongs to Class Ⅳ drug in Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS).

Objective To investigate the CT and MRI features and morphology classification of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct (IPMN-B).Methods A total of 18 patients with IPMN-B proved by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.Out of 18 patients,16 patients underwent enhanced and non-enhanced CT,13 underwent contrast enhanced MR,and 11 out of 13 underwent both CT and MRI.IPMN-B was classified into 4 types:typical IPMN-B,cystic-forming IPMN-B,non-tumor IPMN-B and invasive IPMN-B,according to imaging findings and gross pathological findings.Results Typical IPMN-B (9 cases):tumors were distributed along the bile ducts,both upstream and downstream bile ducts were obviously dilated.Cystic-forming IPMN-B (5 cases):single or multiple tumors were found in aneurysmal dilatation of bile ducts.Non-tumor 1PMN-B (2 cases):no mass was found in the widely dilated bile ducts with smooth bile duct wall.Invasive IPMN-B (2 cases):tumors protruded into the dilated bile ducts causing jagged wall of bile duct,with accompanied abnormal density or signal intensity outside the bile ducts.Bile duct dilatations were shown in all 18 cases,and tumors were shown in 16 cases.In 2 cases no mass was displayed in widely dilated bile ducts.CT density of the tumor was lower than that of liver parenchyma,and higher than that of the bile and intraductal mucin.Signal intensity of the tumor was higher than that of stones,and lower than that of bile and intraductal mucin at MR T2WI.All tumors showed high intensity on DWI.Tumors showed mild to moderate enhancement after injection of contrast agent,CT density or signal intensity of the tumors were lower than that of the liver parenchyma during all three phases of contrast-enhanced CT or MRI.Conclusion IPMN-B has some specific CT and MR imaging features,which are helpful for the diagnosis and classification of IPMN-B.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of CPAP therapy on sleep quality and quality of life in patients with moderate or severe OSAHS. METHOD: Seventy-two patients diagnosed as OSAHS by polysomnography (PSG) were assigned to receive CPAP therapy for 3 months. At baseline and three months after treatment patients underwent polysomnography (PSG). Analyze the results of PSG, sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, quality of life and the general well-being. RESULT: The lowest average oxygen saturation and the average blood oxygen saturation improved significantly after CPAP therapy, and the longest sleep apnea time and AHI decreased obviously (P < 0.01). Except body pain, the other seven dimensions of SF-36 improved obviously (P < 0.01); ESS, PSQI and GWB also improved (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION For patients with moderate or severe OSAHS, CPAP therapy can obviously improve the sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, improve patients' life quality and the general well-being.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Humans ; Oximetry ; Polysomnography ; Quality of Life ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; therapy