Adolescent ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Endocarditis ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Lung Abscess ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Male ; Pulmonary Embolism ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tricuspid Valve ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo discuss the risk and strategy of dental implantation in patients with periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes.

METHODSRetrospective analysis was performed of dental implantation results in 248 patients with periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes from 2000 to 2008. The survival rate was evaluated and the data statistically analyzed.

RESULTSThe Nobel implant system and CDIC implant system were used. The operation applied flapless and bone expanding techniques. A total of 1190 implants were inserted (333 Nobel Replace implants and 857 CDIC implants). 0.5% (6 implants) lost during the first 6 months healing stage. The 1-year, 5-year and 8-year survival rate were 98.4% (1165/1184), 95.3% (487/511) and 89.2% (91/102) respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe patients with periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes are suitable for implant treatment with satisfactory results under the conditions that the indication and risk factors are evaluated and controlled strictly.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chronic Periodontitis ; complications ; surgery ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; methods ; Dental Implants ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Dental Restoration Failure ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tooth Extraction

OBJECTIVE: To observe the biological characteristics of the human olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells (hOM-MSCs). METHODS: The hOM-MSCs were isolated, cultured and identified in vitro. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope were used to observe the ultrastructure of hOMMSCs. Th e cells were induced towards adipocyte, osteocyte, neural stem cells, neural-like-cells in vitro. RESULTS: The hOM-MSCs were mainly in spindle shape, arranged with radial colony. The hOMMSCs expressed CD73 and CD90 but no CD34 and CD45. Th e short and thick microvilli processes were seen at the surface of hOM-MSCs by scanning electron microscope, and 2 different cellular morphology of hOM-MSCs were seen under transmission electron microscope. Moreover, the hOMMSCs could be differentiated into adipocyte, osteocyte, neural stem cells and neural cells. CONCLUSION The hOM-MSCs possess general biological characteristics of MSCs and display multiple differentiation functions. They can be served as ideal seed cells in tissue-engineering for injury repair.
Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; cytology ; ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Olfactory Mucosa ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo observe the duration of enterovirus-71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A 16 (CoxA16) viral shedding in stool samples of children with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) infected with EV71 and CoxA16 and to explore the relationship between the duration of intestinal virus shedding and the severity of illness of children with HFMD.

METHODTotally 113 laboratory-confirmed cases of children with HFMD infected with EV71 and CoxA16 were followed up. The stool samples were collected with the interval of 4 to7 days and the viral nucleic acids were detected by fluorescent PCR until the stool viral nucleic acids of infected children turned to be negative. The cases in EV71 group were further divided into "ordinary EV71 group" and "severe EV71 group" according to the severity of the illness. The positive rates of viral nucleic acid and the differences of distribution among different groups were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis during the follow-up period.

RESULTThe 113 cases of infected children were grouped as follows: 65 cases of EV71 positive children, 44 cases of CoxA16 positive children, 4 cases of EV71/CoxA16 mixed infection. The median duration of the stool viral nucleic acids turning to negative was 26 (18.25-32.50) days in EV71 group and 27 (14.50-33.75) days in CoxA16 group (Z = 1.51, P > 0.05). At 1, 4, 6 and 10 weeks, the positive rates of stool viral nucleic acid of children with HFMD in EV71 group were 100%, 48.1%, 17.2% and 0 respectively. At 1, 4 and 6 weeks, the positive rates of stool viral nucleic acid of children with HFMD in CoxA16 group were 95.5%, 53.8% and 0 respectively (χ(2) = 0.18, P > 0.05). At 1, 4 and 6 weeks, the positive rates of stool viral nucleic acid of children with HFMD in ordinary EV71 group were 100%, 23.5% and 0 respectively, while at 1, 4, 6 and 10 weeks, the positive rates of stool viral nucleic acid of children with HFMD in severe EV71 group were 100%, 62.4%, 26.0% and 0 respectively (χ(2) = 5.689, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe duration of enterovirus shedding in stool samples of children with HFMD lasted for a long period. The maximum duration of EV71 and CoxA16 in stool of children with HFMD was 10 weeks and 6 weeks, respectively. The duration of intestinal virus shedding of children with HFMD infected with EV71 was related with the severity of the illness.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Coxsackievirus Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Enterovirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Enterovirus A, Human ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Feces ; virology ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nucleic Acids ; isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Virus Shedding

OBJECTIVETo identify mutations and variants in CASQ2 gene in 27 CPVT patients/family members.

METHODSMutational analysis was performed with direct DNA sequence analysis. The frequency of an identified CASQ2 variant was determined using the Taqman genotyping assay.

RESULTSA novel heterozygous mutation, F189L, in CASQ2 gene was identified in one family with CPVT. This mutation occurred at the evolutionarily, highly conserved phenylalanine residue at codon 189, and was not present in 1400 control individuals. No other disease-causing mutations were identified in the CASQ2 gene.

CONCLUSIONA novel mutation of F189L in the CASQ2 gene was identified.

Calsequestrin ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; genetics ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the expression of PD-L1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and its significance.Methods Peripheral blood of 23 healthy individuals and 23 patients with PBC diagnosed in Changhai Hospital was collected during February 2013 to December 2015.PBMC was separated by density gradient centrifugation,then cultured.The mRNA expression of PD-L1 in PBMC was examined by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR),the expression of cytokines such as TNF-α,TGF-β,IL-23,IL-17 in medium was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Two independent samples' t test was used to compare variables in two groups.Pearson correlative coefficient was used to reveal the relationship between two variables.Results mRNA expression of PD-L1 in experiment and control groups was 0.23±0.08 vs 1.27±0.40 (t=12.23,P＜0.000 1) and there was statistical significance.Pearson correlation analysis revealed that PD-L1 was negatively correlated with IL-23(r=-0.531,P =0.009) with difference statistically.Conclusion PD-L1 might involve in the development of PBC,and could be the potential biomarker for predicting and treating this disease.

Xiebaisan is one of the 100 classical prescriptions published by the state， and the research and development of its compound preparation has gradually become an upsurge. The research and development of classical prescriptions should start from the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical practice， laying a solid foundation for research and development. Based on the above thinking， this study adopts the methods of traceability and bibliometrics to analyze the source， pathogenesis， efficacy， Fangyi and clinical application of Xiebaisan in order to further promote its literature research work. The results show that the origin of Xiebaisan can be traced back to the prescription of Xiefeitang in Yinhai Jingwei（Volume 1）. Although there are more than 20 prescriptions with the same name of Xiebaisan developed in later generations， they either reflect the inheritance and development of Qian Yi's thought of composing prescriptions， or only the meaning of "Xiebai" in the name of the prescription. The main pathogenesis of Xiebaisan is adverse lung Qi of heat. Mori Cortex and Lycii Cortex are sweet and cold， which can clear away lung heat and reduce adverse Qi， and then cough and asthma can stop. Supplemented with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and japonica rice， which are endowed with the meaning of nourishing earth and generating gold， to invigorate spleen and replenish Qi. The compatibility of Xiebaisan can clear away lung heat， relieve cough and asthma， and norish erath and generate gold to treat lung heat， asthma and cough. Although the main treatment of Xiebaisan recorded in ancient books involves various diseases and syndromes of internal， external， gynecology and pediatrics， the pathogenesis of Xiebaisan is "adverse lung Qi of heat". Modern clinical application of Xiebaisan focuses on the respiratory system， skin and subcutaneous tissue system， ear， nose and throat system， digestive system， ophthalmic system， etc.， and it has more advantages in the treatment of pneumonia， cough， bronchitis， epistaxis， acne， bronchiectasis， postinfectious cough， constipation and other diseases. The syndrome differentiation of the above diseases is in accordance with the relevant syndrome types with lung heat as the main pathological factor， so we can modify and apply the prescription appropriately.

Kaixinsan recorded in an ancient medical book named Beiji Qianjin Yaofang is one of the famous classical formula，which is one of the common prescriptions used by ancient physicians to treat amnesia. In the process of using this prescription，later generations of physicians derived many kinds of associated prescriptions. The effect and indications of these prescription have been inherited and expanded from those in the Beiji Qianjin Yaofang because of the changes in dosages. Therefore，it is necessary to verify the effect and indications of the formulas and the rules of dosage changes. The research results showed that its basic effects included to nourish the mind，induce resuscitation，strengthen the spleen and calm the mind，and keep balance between heart-Yang and kidney-Yin. The main indications included amnesia，sorrow and sadness，fright and fear，and so on，which may differ slightly in different dynasties. In Song，Jin and Yuan dynasties，it also demonstrated the effect of warming the heart and Yang，clearing away heat and relieving wind besides the basic effects， with basically the same indications （slightly different from those in previous dynasties）. In Ming dynasty，it demonstrated the effect of nourishing Yin，clearing away heat and nourishing blood besides the basic effects，and the indications expanded to farsightedness，nearsightedness，spermatorrhea and blurred urine. In the Qing dynasty，its effect also included to nourish the heart and kidney on the basis of the Ming dynasty，and the indications were basically the same with those in the previous dynasties. The compatibility ratio of ancient physicians in the application of this prescription and its associated prescriptions showed some remarkable features，for example，Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Poria should be increased and their ratio was≈1∶1 in the treatment of amnesia，sorrow，sadness，fright，fear，farsightedness，spermatorrhea and blurred urine，with ratio of Polygalae Radix to Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma≈1∶1； the dosage of Polygalae Radix and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma should be increased in the treatment of nearsightedness，and their ratio was≈1∶1. The compatibility ratio of Polygalae Radix-Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma-Poria-Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma=2∶3∶3∶2 was the most frequent，which basically included the indications of this prescription and its associated prescriptions. According to statistics，the average dosages that ancient physicians used were significantly higher than those in the modern times，Polygalae Radix 57 g，Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma 62 g，Poria 70 g，and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma 54 g，respectively in ancient times，while Polygalae Radix 11 g，Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma 15 g，Poria 17 g，and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma 9.5 g，respectively in modern times. The above textual research results can provide some reference for preparation of tradition Chinese medicine products of Kaixinsan.

Textual research on Chinese herbs is the preliminary work for the preparation of famous classical prescriptions. Through literature review，it was found that the researches of Persicae Semen focused on chemical compositions，pharmacological mechanism and medical record analysis in the recent years，and few researches based on the ancient literature were about the origin，concocting methods，flavor，meridian tropism，effects and indications. Textual research shows that the most commonly used names are Taoren and Taoheren，with a wide range of producing areas. The plant origin of Persicae Semen has not changed much since ancient times. Before the Qing dynasty，the plant origin of Persicae Semen was from the seeds of a kind of fruit named Shantao or Maotao，and in modern times，the seeds of Amygdalus persica or A. davidiana have become the major source. While different books have different views on Latin names for the origin of the Persicae Semen. We suggest that the Latin names of A. persica and A. davidiana should be more reasonable for Tao and Shantao respectively .In the concocting methods of Persicae Semen for activating vital energy and blood circulation，raw Persicae Semen should be used with peel and tip，while for moisturizing dryness，it should be fried into yellow without peel. Therefore，in the concocting methods of Persicae Semen for Taohe Chengqitang and Taohong Siwutang，the raw materials should be fried into yellow without peel or tip，while for Shentong Zhuyutang，raw Persicae Semen materials should be used with peel and tip. The indications of Persicae Semen include amenorrhea，lump，parasite，obstruction of chest，cough and asthma，constipation，etc.，and the people with blood deficiency，blood dryness and the pregnant women should use it with caution or should not use it. The modern clinical application of Persicae Semen is only a partial inheritance of ancient literature，which means that the Persicae Semen still has many effects to be verified and studied，and it is worthwhile for further exploration in order to expand its clinical application. The records of ancient literature on flavor，meridian tropism，and quality evaluation of Persicae Semen were consistent with those in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Because of the similar appearance，it is especially difficult to distinguish Persicae Semen and Armeniacae Semenis Amarum after crushing ，requiring much time and money for identification. It is recommended that medical institutions should purchase Persicae Semen without crushing as far as possible，then decide the best concocting methods according to the clinical requirement.

The Shentong Zhuyutang is recorded in an ancient medical book named Yilin Gaicuo， and it is one of the classical prescriptions. Based on the literature reviewed，it is generally found that the Shentong Zhuyutang is evolved from the prescription named Chentongsan that recorded by Danxi Xinfa. Statistics on the dosage of clinical research on this prescription in recent years， reference to the textbook and pharmacopoeia dose， at the same time to respect the original dosage， verify historical changes， and ensure the safety of prescriptions， at the same time consider the pharmacy's dispenses， the author recommends that the clinical dosage of Shentong Zhuyutang could be 3 gram of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix， 6 gram of Chuanxiong Rhizoma， 10 gram of Persicae Semen， 10 gram of Carthami Flos， 6 gram of Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma， 3 gram of Notopterygii Rhizoma Et Radix， 5 gram of Myrrha， 12 gram of Angelicae Sinensis Radix， 5 gram of Cyperi Rhizoma，12 gram of Cyathulae Radix， and 6 gram of Pheretima used as a reference. The efficacy of the compound preparation can be marked as promoting blood circulation， removing blood stasis， removing wind and dampness， and relieving pain. At present， most of its research is focused on clinical research and experimental research， and there are few literature on the research of Shentong Zhuyutang from the level of key information verification. The diseases it treats include more than 10， such as Gubi， Pibi， Xuebi， shechuanchuan， headache， postpartum pain and dysmenorrhea， especially in the study of Gubi， which means that it has a huge market demand and broad development prospects in orthopedic diseases， the core point of "blood stasis and cold dampness evil" should be closely held in the course of treatment. Some scholars deem that Shentong Zhuyutang should not be used the method of Force Sweat in the treatment of Bizheng，while others believe that this prescription should be used with caution in menstruation， pregnancy and blood deficiency. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Shentong Zhuyutang has obvious anti-inflammatory， relieve pain， anticoagulan， nerve and bone protection. In view of the fact that there are less researches on Shentong Zhuyutang except for Gubi， this suggests that the mechanism of this prescription treat other diseases has a relatively broad research space.