Objective To study their chemical components of xianglingcao(Crotalaria ferruginea) and identify their chemical structures.Methods The compounds were isolated by chromatography and their structures were identified by spectral analysis and compared with the published data.Results Ten compounds were isolated and identified as vomifolilol(Ⅰ),genistein(Ⅱ),p-hydroxybenzoic acid(Ⅲ),5,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-flavone-7-O-?-D-glycopyranoside(Ⅳ),octadecoic acid(Ⅴ),octacosanol(Ⅵ),?-stitosterol(Ⅶ),?-daucosterol(Ⅷ),stigmasterol(Ⅸ),and ?5,22 stigmasterol-3-O-?-D-glycopyranoside(Ⅹ).Conclusion The ten compounds are obtained from xianglingcao for the first time.

OBJECTIVETo explore the causes of persistent hoarseness in infants.

METHODSOne hundred and seventeen infants with persistent hoarseness treated in the department of otorhinolaryngology in Children's Hospital of Fudan University between June 2008 and July 2010 were retrospectively analyzed (all patients received antibiotic therapy for 2 weeks and the symptoms were not relieved after that). The patients were divided into three groups according to the age at first visit: 22 newborns, < 6 months old in 60 cases, < 12 months old in 35 cases. All patients had video laryngoscope examinations. Some of them received CT scan, cardiac ultrasonography and pathological examination in additional. The diagnosis was established by clinical history and imaging modalities, and the causes were analyzed subsequently.

RESULTSAmong the 117 patients, 45 cases were vocal hypertrophy and hyperplasia (37.81%), 39 cases were vocal cord paralyses (32.78%), 7 cases were laryngeal hemangiomas (5.89%), 4 cases were laryngeal webs and cyst (3.36%), 2 cases were vocal cord polyps (1.68%), 2 cases were glottic incompetence (1.68%), 1 case was laryngeal papillomas(0.84%), 1 case was vocal code granulomas (0.84%), 1 case was glottis restricted by neck lymphangioma (0.84%); 4 cases were undetermined and 13 cases were no abnormalities. The percentage of patients with congenital heart diseases (19 cases) in vocal cord paralysis was 48.72%. The proportion of vocal cord paralysis in younger group was higher than that in elder one, their percentage were 50.00%, 36.67% and 17.14% respectively (χ(2) = 7.18, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSA variety of causes can lead to persistent hoarseness in infants. The majority of them are vocal hypertrophy and hyperplasia, followed by vocal cord paralyze. Vocal cord paralysis is more common in younger infants than in elder ones, and the main causes are post-cardiac surgery and congenital heart disease.

Female ; Hoarseness ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Laryngoscopy ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To investigate the changes in distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing bloodstream infection in a hospital in 2012-2015.Methods Pathogenic bacteria isolated from blood culture in a hospital microbiology laboratory between January 2012 and December 2015 were collected and divided into 2012-2013 group and 2014-2015 group,distribution characteristics,constitute,and antimicrobial susceptibility of two groups were compared.Results Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens isolated during two periods,ac-counting for 54.96% and 54.66% respectively,there was no significant differences in pathogen distribution between two groups (P >0.05).Gram-positive cocci had a high sensitivity to vancomycin and linezolid,resistant rates were both 0;resistance rates of coagulase negative staphylococci to oxacillin were all >80%,resistance to penicillin was also >90%;Enterobacteriaceae was highly sensitive to imipenem and meropenem,but resistance strains had ap-peared;Acinetobacter baumannii was sensitive to minocycline during two periods,resistance rates were 35.90% and 34.55% respectively,resistance rates to other antimicrobial agents were also high (>75%).Conclusion The iso-lation rate of drug-resistant pathogenic strains causing bloodstream infection is high,monitoring on bacterial resistance is helpful for guiding rational use of antimicrobial agents in clinic.

Objective To assess the quantitative relationship between the distribution of Himalayan marmot and its ecological environment,the terrain,the temperature and the precipitation,using remote sensing and geographic information system in Qinghai province.Methods The distribution of Himalayan marmot was located by Google Earth and ArcGIS software and by using field survey data provided by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.The corresponding ecological environment of marmot including terrain,temperature and precipitation were derived from the spatial information datasets.All results were processed according to the overlay and statistics analysis using ArcGIS software.Results Seventy-seven point twenty-seven percent(153/198) of Himalayan marmot were distributed in the area of elevation between 3000 and 4000 meters.The number of marmot reached the highest when the slope was between 0 and 17 degrees,and aspect range was between 91 and 270 degrees,180 degree was as south direction.During the period with the maximum temperature of the warmest month of 14.3-17.5 ℃,17.6-20.8 ℃ and 20.9-24.0 ℃,the distribution of marmot reached 95％(186/198) of the total area.Meanwhile,most of the marmot were presented in the area with average precipitation of 46-108 mm.Conclusions A quantitative analysis of appropriate ecological environment of Himalayan marmot in a large scope is carried uul successfully using remote sensing and geographic information system.The study indicates that spatial information technology has important applications in plague prevention and control.

Objective The purpose of this study was to understand the awareness, prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and treatment status of people aged over 50 and living in the rural areas of Shuangcheng city, Heilongjiang province, China. Methods Cluster sampling was used in randomly selected 5504 survey for ophthalmic clinical examination, in patients with diabetic retinopathy. A questionnaire in the state of knowledge about prevention and treatment was developed. Results Among the 5504 persons entering in the project, 5053 were examined on their eyes (91.8%). In this selected population, 56 persons (112 eyes) were diagnosed as diabetic retinopathy (1.108%), with 95% confidence interval (CI) as: 0.819% to 1.397%. Of 56 patients, 49 cases were non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, accounting for 87.50% of the total number of patients with diabetic retinopathy;proliferative diabetic retinopathy 7 cases, accounting for 12.50% of the 112 eyes, 6.25% (7/112)having vitreous hemorrhage, 8.04% (9/112) having macular edema. For diabetic retinopathy prevalence rates, there was no significant difference in males and females. Between the per differential 10-year-old division, the difference was significant. Among the 60 to 69 group, a significantly higher prevalence rate was seen. Of the 112 eyes with diabetic retinopathy, 34 eyes(30.4%) were low vision [visual acuity ＜20/60 (0.3) to ≥ 20/400 (0.05) ]; 6 eyes (5.4%) were blind [visual acuity ＜20/400 (0.05) to NLP]. The rate in the patients with PDR and fasting blood glucose was above 11.1 mmol/L was higher than having NPDR and fasting blood glucose below 11.1 mmol/L. Having fasting blood glucose 11.1 mmol/L and above with the course over five years among patients with PDR, the proportion of fasting blood glucose was higher than those with less than 11.1 mmol/L and diabetic retinopathy duration of less than five years. Of 56 patients with diabetic retinopathy, 38 cases (67.9%) did not receive any treatment. Among 18 cases (32.1%) with insulin or oral drug therapy,regularly using insulin or other medication (14.3%), only 1 (1.8%) case was given the treatment for diabetic retinopathy. Results from our survey showed that patients with diabetic retinopathy had a poor understanding about prevention and treatment of the disease. Conclusion Long duration and high blood glucose in patients with diabetic retinopathy seemed to be the important risk factor. Early systematic drug use for prevention and blood glucose control was the key to prevent diabetic retinopathy. Patients with diabetic retinopathy in China had poor understanding about the prevention measures of the disease and lack of knowledge.

OBJECTIVETo assess the experimental and clinical data regarding the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on fracture non-union.

DATA SOURCESThe English language literature regarding EMFs on fracture non-union were searched using MEDLINE, Web of Science and Embase, for the period January 2006 to June 2011. The search terms were electromagnetic fields and non-union/bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs)/bone.

STUDY SELECTIONArticles were included in the review if they were related to the use of EMFs on BMSCs or bone tissue. Papers without full manuscripts available were excluded.

RESULTSThe basic and clinical research in this field, while somewhat limited, supports the insightful application of EMFs to ameliorate disability due to fracture non-union.

CONCLUSIONSFurther basic and clinical research to validate the use of EMFs in facilitating function and bone reparative processes in fracture non-union is required.

Animals ; Bone Regeneration ; physiology ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo extract and separate toxic components from Phytolaccae Radix, and to comare the changes in toxicity of Phytolaccae Radix before and after being processed with vinegar.

METHODThe mucous membrane irritation response, mouse peritoneal inflammation model and in vitro macrophages release NO model were applied to compared the changes in inflammatory toxicity of toxic components from Phytolaccae Radix before and after being processed with vinegar.

RESULTToxic components of Phytolacca Radix had significant inflammatory toxicity, which could cause conjunctival edema in rabbits, and increase of PGE2 and macrophages release NO content in peritoneal exudate in mice. After being processed with vinegar, they showed reduced irritation, which resulted in decrease of PGE2 and macrophages release NO content in peritoneal exudate in mice.

CONCLUSIONAfter being processed with vinegar, the toxicity of toxic components from Phytolacca Radix decreased obviously.

Acetic Acid ; chemistry ; Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Eye ; drug effects ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Phytolacca ; chemistry ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo study the application of three-dimensional reconstruction technique based on CT-MRI fusion in skull base surgery.

METHODSTo acquire the thin layer CT scan and MRI scanned images, to achieve image registration, fusion, segmentation and 3D visualization by using self-preparation software, to operate, observe and measure models by using methods of endoscopic observation, volume rendering segmentation, automatically and manually measure.

RESULTSThe center of the eye and foramen magnum in CT-MRI were used as point registration. Good coincidence of important anatomic landmarks were formed in the image fusion. The boundary of spotted graphical was clear and complete. The models showed a complete, continuous, smooth surface. Virtual endoscopy could display the inside three-dimensional structures of skull from nasal with fluent operations of rotation and transparency. The boundary of skull stump segmented after volume rendering segmentation was clear and smooth, and it could show bone signs and soft tissue models together. Cooperation of automatic measurement method [(32.007 ± 15.311) mm] and the manual measurement method [(30.240 ± 15.169) mm] for measuring the maximum diameters of the tumor model, the difference was significant (t = 8.409, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe method of selecting the center of the eye and foramen magnum in point matching is scientific, simple and easy to operate. The models reconstructed based on CT-MRI fusion images can accurately reflect the size of the soft tissue and be better measured through the automatic measurement. Reconstruction models can be observed through the way of virtual endoscopic within the nasal cavity or volume rendering segmentation from outside to inside to frustrate the relationship of skull structures. Three-dimensional reconstruction techniques based on CT-MRI fusion in skull base surgery can be used to plan surgical approach, to assess the risk of surgery and to achieve space measurements, and it laid the foundation for the three-dimensional navigation.

Adult ; Aged ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skull Base ; surgery ; Software ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo explore a new technique that keep function and good aesthetic shape after reduction mammaplasty.

METHODSThe superomedial glandular pedicle technique was applied with differing patterns of skin incision according to the degree of the mammary hypertrophy. The extra glandular tissue was removed from the lateral and inferior segment of the breast. The remaining superomedial glandular tissue was remodeled a conical shape. The skin incision was sutured after excision of excess skin.

RESULTS36 cases (72 breasts) were treated with this technique. The results were satisfactory and there were no complications. The breasts maintained a lasting and aesthetically pleasing shape and the nipple-areola preserved good sensation.

CONCLUSIONSThe superomedial glandular pedicle is a safe and effective technique that can provide long-lasting outcome. The design of the procedure can be adapted to a variety of skin incision patterns and breast morphologies.

Adult ; Breast ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Urinary Diversion ; adverse effects ; Urinary Fistula ; diagnosis ; etiology