Total RNA was extracted from leaf of Suaeda hetroptera kitag, then the CMO ( choline monooxygenase) cDNA was amplified using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) method and cloned into pMD-T-simple vector. The positive clones from the Blue/White Screen were sequenced. After confirming its validity, the CMO gene fragment was cloned into pBI121 vector. Double enzyme restriction and PCR analysis indicated that the pBI121/CMO recombinant plasmid was successfully constructed.

To study the chemical constituents of Cymbopogon citratus, isolation and purification of constituents were carried out on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and prepatative HPLC. The structures of the compounds were identified by physicchemical properties and spectral data analysis. Eight compounds were isolated and identified as 3beta-methoxy lanosta-9(11)-en-27-ol (1), 3beta-hydroxylanosta-9 (11)-en (2), (24S) -3beta-methoxylanosta-9(11), 25-dien-24-ol (3), 8-hydroxyl-neo-menthol (4), (2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,7-octadiene-1, 6-diol (5), (+)-citronellol (6), 7-hydroxymenthol (7) and ethyl nonadecanoate(8). Compounds 1 is a new one. Compounds 2-3 are obtained from C. citratus for the first time.
Cymbopogon ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Triterpenes ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo design and manufacture a new custom-made artificial articular cartilage of femoral condyle based on rapid prototyping technique and explore a method to solve the necroses of allocartilage in hemi joint allotransplantation.

METHODSDesign the new custom-made artificial articular cartilage of femoral condyle. The allograft and the patient distal femurs were scanned with Picker 6000 spiral computed tomography (CT) with 1.0 slice thickness and pitch of 1.5, reconstructed the distal femurs in Voxel Q image workstation with volume rendering technique. Then downloaded the transaxial 2D image data to personal computer at 0.1 mm interval and converted it into 2D digitized contour data by using image processing software developed by our team. The 3D wire frame and solid images of femoral condyle could be reconstructed when the 2D digitized contour data were input into image processing software Surfacer 9.0 (Imageware Company, USA). Subsequently based on the clinical experience and the need of design, the 3D contour image of articular cartilage was extracted from the surrounding. Based on the extracted 3D contour image, the computer-aided design (CAD) of the custom-made artificial articular cartilage was accomplished in Surfacer software, converted the CAD model into RP data format. Standard triangularization language, imported into the LPS600 rapid prototyping machine (Hengtong Company, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China), and the resin prototype was achieved. Then the resin model was used as a positive mould to build up a silica gel negative mould, the negative mould was sent to the factory to manufacture Ti-6Al-4V alloy articular cartilage through ordinary mould-melted founding process. Finally, the whole metal cartilage was completed after melting two special cages on it. A patient was selected to clinical applying.

RESULTSA new custom-made artificial articular cartilage of femoral condyle was made. It was press-fit well to the subchondral bone of the allograft bone. The patient's one and half year follow-up result was excellent.

CONCLUSIONSWe design and manufacture a new custom-made artificial articular cartilage of femoral condyle based on rapid prototyping technique. The result shows that the manufacturing process has the advantage of rapidness and precision that are very important for individualized artificial implant manufacturing. The artificial articular cartilage is press-fit well and could be a good idea to solve the necroses of allocartilage in hemijoint allotransplantation.

Adolescent ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Bone Transplantation ; Cartilage, Articular ; Computer-Aided Design ; Femoral Neoplasms ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Prosthesis ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; surgery ; Osteosarcoma ; surgery ; Prosthesis Design ; methods ; Transplantation, Homologous

PURPOSE: It is widely accepted that aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is a signature of breast cancer stem cells, and high activity has been reported to be associated with poor clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of members of the ALDH family of isozymes in breast cancer tissues and to evaluate the implications of the results. METHODS: We analyzed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from 160 patients with breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed on the slides using antibodies against different ALDH family members. We collated the IHC results with patient clinical characteristics and determined their prognostic value. In addition, we analyzed normal, hyperplastic, and carcinomatous tissues in situ to check their ALDH distributions. RESULTS: All the tested ALDH members were detected in the various tissue types, but at different levels. Only ALDH 1A3 was found to be significantly associated with distant metastasis (p=0.001), disease-free survival (p<0.001), and overall survival (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The level of ALDH 1A3 in breast cancer tissue is a predictive marker of a poor clinical outcome.
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase* ; Antibodies ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Isoenzymes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; Prognosis ; Stem Cells

Objective To analyze the surveillance data on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) including the epidemiological characteristics and trend of the disease,in 2010.Methods Descriptive methods were conducted to analyze the surveillance data in 2010 which were collected from the internet-based National Notifiable Disease Reporting System and 40 HFRS sentinels in China.Results There were 9526 cases of HFRS reported in 2010 in the country with an annual morbidity of 0.71/105,which was higher than that reported in 2009.And the case fatality rate in 2010 was 1.24％.During the year 2010,most cases were reported in spring and autumn-winter season,with November as the peak month.The proportion of cases reported in autumn-winter season was higher than that in spring.The number of cases reported in males was higher than that in females among all the age groups,and similar pattern of mortality could be seen in most of the age groups.The percentage of cases over 60 years old had increased in recent years.Farmers were still under the highest risk.Density and the virus-carrying rate of animal hosts,as well as the infection rate were relatively stable and similar to the previous findings.As to the prevailing species,Apodemus agrarius and Rattus norvegicus were still the most common and leading animal hosts.However,the dominant species in sentinel of Yunnan were Rattus flavipectus and Eothenomys miletus respectively,and a new hantavirus called LUXV was found,namely Eothenomys miletus.Conclusion HFRS cases were widely distributed in most provinces of China,but cases mainly focus on certain areas and present the nature of aggregation.The risk of outbreak could not be ruled out for variety of factors.Population characteristics and seasonal fluctuation had been changing.

Objective To study the type and corresponding clinical characteristics of primary hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (HLH) associated immune gene mutations in the refractory virus infection or HLH of unknown causes. Methods From December 2009 to July 2010, the patients with refractory virus infection or HLH of unknown causes were screened for the primary HLH associated immune genes mutations by DNA sequence analysis, including PRF1, UNC13D, STX11, STXBP2, SH2D1A and XIAP. The clinical characteristics and outcomes were followed up. Results Totally 25 patients with refractory virus infection or HLH of unknown causes were investigated for the 6 genes and 13 cases were found carrying gene mutations, composing of 6 of PRF1 mutation, 3 of UNC13D, and each one of STX11,XIAP, SH2D1A and STXBP2, respectively. Among the 13 cases with gene mutations, 5 suffered from Epstein-Barr virus associated HLH( EBV-HLH), 1 human herpes virus 7 associated HLH (HHV7-HLH),1 HLH without causes, 4 chronic activated EB virus infection (CAEBV) with 1 progressing to Hodgkin's lymphoma carrying abnormal chromosome of t ( 15; 17 ) (q22; q25 ) and hyperdiploid, 2 EBV associated lymphoma. Among the other 12 patients without gene mutation, 4 suffered from EBV-HLH with 1 progressing to peripheral T lymphoma, 8 suffered from CAEBV. Conclusions Primary HLH associated immune gene mutations are critical causes of refractory virus infection of unknown causes, most patients manifest as HLH,some cases appear in CAEBV and EBV associated lymphoma. DNA sequence analysis is helpful to early diagnosis and correct decision-making for treatment.

Objective To explore the clinical features and echocardiographic characteristics of cardiac papillary fibroelastoma (CPF) in adults.Methods Clinical features,echocardiographic characteristics,surgical procedures and outcomes were retrospectively evaluated in 13 patients with CPF confirmed by pathology.Results The clinical features of CPF were atypical.The most common symptoms were chest distress and short breath.All the 13 patients were single lesions,9 cases (9/13,69.23％) involved the valves (4 on the aortic valve,3 on the mitral valve,2 on the tricuspid valve) and 4 cases (4/13,30.77％) involved the chambers (2 in the right atrium,1 in the right ventricle,1 in the left ventricle).The largest diameters of ＞2 mm were in 8 cases and ≤2 mm were in 5 cases.Eight cases were detected by echocardiographic examination and 5 cases were missed.Surgical excision was performed in 8 patients and prosthetic valve replacement was performed in 5 patients.Conclusion The clinical symptoms of CPF are variable.When the size of CPF is too small,echocardiography is difficult to detect.Most of CPFs originate on the valves,predominantly on the aortic valve.The prognosis of CPF is excellent.

Objective To compare the antiarrhythmic effects and safety of landiolol and esmolol .Methods The sequential method was used to detect the median lethal dose ( LD50 ) and 50%effective dose ( ED50 ) of the two drugs.Treatment index were calculated by LD 50/ED50 .Several of arrhythmia models were used to study the antiarrhythmic effects of landio-lol and esmolol in the equivalent dose .Results ED50 and LD50 of landio-lol and esmolol were 14.4 , 17.3 mg? kg -1 and 347 , 100 mg? kg -1 re-spectively , TI were 24.1 and 5.8.The ratio of equivalent dose between landiolol and esmolol on anti -chloroform induced arrhythmia was 0.83∶1.Landiolol and esmolol have similar anti -arrythmia effect on va-rious arrhythmia models.Esmolol has a stronger inhibition function on the heart rate than that of landiolol .Conclusion Compared with esmolol , landiolol has similar antiarrhythmic effect , gentle and slow effect on heart rate, higher treatment index and safety in equivalent dose .

Objective: To explore the safety of liver transplantation recipients with Rh blood group mismatchming. Methods: From May 2005 to December 2018, 1 546 cases of liver transplantation in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Among these cases, 5 cases of Rh blood group mismatched were Rh(-) recipients receiving Rh(+ ) donor liver. For each Rh blood group mismatched liver transplantation, 5 patients received the same Rh blood group liver allograft were matched according to a certain principle and were defined as Rh-mismatch group and Rh-match group respectively. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and creatinine(SCr)were compared between two groups at Days 7 & 14 post-operation. Serum total bilirubin(TB), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)were compared between two groups at Month 1, 6 & 12 post-operation. Hemoglobin (Hb)were compared between two groups Month 1, 3 & 6 post-operation. The rates of infection, vascular complications and acute rejection was also compared. Indirect antiglobulin test (IAT)was used for detecting the production of anti-RhD antibody in patients in Rh-mismatch group at Month 1, 6 & 12 post-operation. Results: At the mentioned time, no significant inter-group difference existed in serum ALT, AST, SCr, TB, GGT and blood Hb levels(all P>0.05); Also, no significant difference existed in the incidence of infection, vascular complications or acute rejection(all P>0.05). In Rhmismatch group, 4 recipients received Rh(+ )RBC transfusion during perioperative period and no hemolytic anemia occurred after operation. Rh(D) antibody was negative at all timepoints. Conclusions Taking into account the rarity of Rh-negative blood group in Chinese, it is safe and feasible to carry out Rh blood group mismatched liver transplantation when donor or recipient with the same Rh blood group is not available.

Objective:To investigate the molecular testing of liquid-based cytology (LBC) specimens from advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and the reliability of guiding targeted therapy.Methods:The LBC specimens and clinical data of 412 advanced NSCLC patients from March 2015 to April 2017 in the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were collected, of which 32 patients had postoperative or biopsy specimens. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect mutations of EGFR, KRAS and BRAF, and analyze the correlation between gene mutations and clinicopathological characteristics. The results of genetic testing of LBC specimens and histology specimens were examined for concordance. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 142 patients treated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) drugs, and survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results:Of the 412 LBC specimens, 216 (52.4%) had EGFR mutations, 36 (8.7%) had KRAS gene mutations, and 3 (0.7%) had BRAF gene mutations. EGFR mutation was associated with gender, pathology type, and specimen source, with a higher EGFR mutation rate in female patients (63.0%) than in male patients (40.8%, P<0.001) and a higher EGFR mutation rate in adenocarcinoma (54.3%) than in non-adenocarcinoma (0.0%, P<0.001). KRAS mutation was related to gender, with a higher EGFR mutation rate in male patients (12.2%) than in female patients (5.6%, P=0.016). The three cases with multiple co-mutations were all stage Ⅳ male adenocarcinoma patients. Thirty-two patients with both LBC specimens and histology specimens had concordant genetic results between LBC specimens and histology specimens in 30 patients ( Kappa=0.91). Twelve patients with both histology and LBC specimens from metastases had identical genetic results ( Kappa=1.00). Nineteen patients with histology specimens from primary foci in lungs and LBC specimens from metastases had concordant genetic results between two specimens in 18 patients ( Kappa=0.92). The disease control rate (DCR) for EGFR mutation-positive patients treated with EGFR-TKI was 89.0% (89/100) and the progression-free survival time (PFS) was 13.8 months, both higher than those of EGFR mutation-negative patients [DCR of 30.8% (4/13) and median PFS of 1.4 months, P<0.01]. Conclusions:The results of molecular testing of LBC specimens and histological specimens are highly consistent, which demonstrates LBC specimens can be a crucial source of gene testing for advanced NSCLC. Molecular typing of advanced NSCLC based on the results of genetic testing of LBC specimens and guiding EGFR-TKI drug-targeted therapy can achieve high DCR and PFS, which has important clinical value.