Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent cancer of endocrine tumors. Its correct diagnosis and differential diagnosis play very important roles in its treatment and prognosis. Ultrasonography, as its powerful tool, is clinically widely used. This article made a review about its main diagnostic methods, including conventional ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and ultrasonic elastography, in order to relfect their panorama.

Objective To observe the effects of GABA on proliferation, cell cycle and expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 of pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990. Methods The effects of different concentration of GABA (0 ～ 320 μmol/L) on proliferation and cell cycle of pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990 was investigated by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results GABA could promote the proliferation of SW1990 cells and influence the distribution of cell cycle, which made less cells of G0/G1 phase and more cells of S and G2/M phase. The value of A570 after GABA pretreatment at a dose of 320 μmol/L was 1. 11 ± 0.03, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (0. 56 ± 0.01, P < 0. 01 ), the cells of G0/G1 phase was (46.18 ± 1.12 )% ,which was significantly lower than (87.29 ± 1.34)% in the control group (P < 0. 01 ) ;the expressions of MMP-2 mRNA, MMP-9 mRNA and their proteins were 8.6, 6.8, 10.5, 8.4, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the groups of the doses of 0 ～ 40 μmol/L ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusions GABA could influence the proliferation and expression of MMP of SW1990 cells.

Objective To evaluate the short term results of repairing osteonecrosis of the femoral head by modified free vascularized fibular grafting through Smith-Peterson approach without cutting the rectus femoris.Methods Between January,2009 and September,2012,14 osteonecrotic hips of 14 patients who underwent free vascularized fibular grafting were retrospectively studied including 10 male and 4 female.The follow up period was 24 months.The preoperative and postoperative symptoms relief,recovery of hip function (Harris score),radiographic assessment (X-ray).Results All patients got postoperative ipsilateral hip pain relief.Average Harris hip score improved significantly (68.47 ± 5.33,86.80 ± 4.72 points in preoperation and postoperation,respectively; paired t test,t =18.724,P ＜ 0.01).Postoperative X-ray results showed there were no progresses of osteonecrosis and no collapse in the operative side within 2 years follow-up.Conclusion The short term treatment results of femoral head avascular necrosis were satisfactory by using free vascularized fibular graft through Smith-Peterson approach without cutting off the rectus femoris and it may be a relatively practical option of surgical approach.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of preoperative serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and CA125 in patients with high risk of stage Ⅰ endometrial cancer (EC)and to identify the optimal cutoff values. Methods Clinical and pathological data of 231 patients with stage Ⅰ EC were included in this study. Patients were divided into high risk group (n=96) and low risk group (n=135). The preoperative serum levels of HE4 and CA125 were measured, and their correlations with clinical pathological features were analyzed. The ROC curves were generated to determine optimal cutoff values of HE4 and CA125 levels with the maximum Youden index for prediction of high risk EC. Results There were significant differences in serum levels of HE4 and CA125 between patients with different depths of myometrial invasion, with or without vascular invasion, with or without lower uterine segment involvement, with different diameters of tumor and different risk classifications of stage ⅠEC (P<0.05). There were significant differences in serum levels of HE4 between patients with different menopausal status, hypertension, pathological types, histological grading and the involvement of cervical endometrial glands (P<0.05). The preoperative serum levels of HE4 and CA125 were positive correlated (r=0.262, P<0.05). The AUC value of HE4 for diagnosing stageⅠEC was 0.794(95%CI:0.734-0.854),the cutoff value was 74 pmol/L, the sensitivity was 75.0%, specificity was 83.0%, positive predictive value was 75.8%, negative predictive value was 82.4% and the accuracy rate was 79.7%. The AUC value of CA125 for diagnosing stage Ⅰ EC was 0.696 (95%CI: 0.624-0.767), the cutoff value was 17 kU/L, the sensitivity was 56.3%, specificity was 85.9%, positive predictive value was 74.0%, negative predictive value was 73.4%and the accuracy rate was 73.6%, respectively. The AUC value of combination of both markers was 0.847 (95%CI: 0.796-0.899), the corresponding values were 95.8%, 77.0%, 74.8%, 96.3%and 84.8%, respectively. Conclusion The best cutoff values of HE4 and CA125 are 74 pmol/L and 17 kU/L for detecting high risk stageⅠEC. The combined detection is better than that of the single detection in sensitivity, negative predictive value and accuracy rate.

Taking Doctor HUANG Shi-ping as the representative, the school of Huang's golden needle is based on Chinese martial art. Golden needles are adopted as main tool. Attaching great importance on the combination of acupuncture and moxibustioin, it is also characterized with penetrating needling with long needles. Through the development of three generations, it once outshone other schools in the field of acupuncture, and became famous all over the world. It made great contribution to the development of the course of acupuncture. However, with the development of the history, the form of acupuncture education as well as apparatus were all undergone an unified reform. Therefore, Doctor HUANG Shi-ping's acupuncture school be lost gradually.
Acupuncture ; education ; history ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; instrumentation ; methods ; China ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Schools

To explore the antagonistic effect of gingerols against the inflammation induced by lectin from Pinellia ternata. In this study, ELISA method was used to determine the effect of different extracts from gingerols on the release of inflammatory factor TNF-α from macrophages induced by lectin from P. ternata. The fluorescence probe was used to determine the effect of gingerols on the changes in ROS of macrophages induced by lectin from P. ternata. The western-blot method was applied to study the effect of gingerols on the increase in expression of cell receptor interacting protein RIP3 in macrophages induced by lectin from P. ternata. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the effect of gingerols on morphological changes in macrophages induced by lectin from P. ternata. According to the results, gingerols can significantly inhibit the release of inflammatory factor from macrophages induced by lectin from P. ternata, ROS overproduction and increase in RIP3 expression. SEM results showed that gingerols can inhibit the cytomorphosis and necrocytosis induced by lectin from P. ternata. Fresh ginger's detoxication may be related to gingerols' effects in inhibiing release of inflammatory factor, ROS overproduction and increase in RIP3 expression caused by macrophages induced by lectin from P. ternata, which are mainly inflammatory development.
Animals ; Catechols ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Drug Antagonism ; Fatty Alcohols ; pharmacology ; Ginger ; chemistry ; Lectins ; toxicity ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Pinellia ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism

Autopsy ; Fetus ; Heart Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Rhabdomyoma ; pathology ; Tuberous Sclerosis ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To establish a measuring method for microdialysis probe recovery of ginsenoside Rg1 and investigate the effects of flow rate, concentration and using times of probe on the recovery in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: Dialysis method and retrodialysis method were used for the study. The concentration of ginsenoside Rg1 in brain and blood dialysate was determined by LC-MS /MS and the probe recovery was calculated. RESULTS: The recoveries of brain and blood microdialysis probes showed good stability within 10 h, with average values of 17.0% and 34.4% respectively for ginsenoside Rg1 at 1.5 μL•min-1. Concentrations (50, 200, 500, 1 000 ng•mL-1) had no obvious effect on recovery. At the same concentration, the recovery of brain and blood probes for ginsenoside Rg1 decreased with the increase of flow rate (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 μL• min-1) in vitro and in vivo. The dialysis recoveries of brain and blood probes in vitro were (40.6 ± 4.3)%, (23.5 ± 2.3)%, (17.7 ± 0.8 )%, (12.2 ± 1.1)%, (8.8 ± 0.6)% and (70.6 ± 3.6)%, (46.0 ± 2.1)%, (32.9 ± 1.6)%, (25.6 ± 0.7)%, (18.2 ± 1.3)%, respectively. The recoveries of dialysis and retrodialysis in vitro were approximately equal, and the recovery detected by retrodialysis in vivo was similar with the in vitro results. Probe used for no more than 3 times still kept high transmittance by flushing with 2% heparin sodium and ultrapure water successively. CONCLUSION: Retrodialysis method can be used to study brain and blood probe recovery in vivo, and microdialysis can be used for simutaneous pharmacokinetic studies of ginsenoside Rg1 in intercelluar fluid and blood.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism by which miR-21 and its target genes mediate radiation resistance of glioblastoma cells. Real-time PCR was employed to detect miR-21 expression in normal brain tissues, glioblastoma tissues and glioblastoma cell lines (A172, T98G and U87MG). T98G cells were transfected with anti-miR-21 oligonucleotides, or plasmids containing PDCD4 or hMSH2 (PDCD4-pcDNA3 and hMSH2-pcDNA3). The survival curve was obtained to investigate the sensitivity of T98G cells to radiation. Cell apoptosis was measured by using the Caspase-3/7 kit and cell cycle by flow cytometry. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of hMSH2 and PDCD4 in miR-21-inhibiting T98G cells. The results showed that miR-21 expression in glioblastoma cells and tissues was conversely associated with the radiation sensitivity. Over-expression of miR-21 resulted in radiation resistance, while knockdown of miR-21 led to higher sensitivity of glioblastma cells to radiation. After miR-21 knockdown, the apoptosis of T98G cells was significantly increased and the G(2) phase arrest was more significant. In addition, miR-21 knockdown increased the expression of endogenous PDCD4 and hMSH2, which contributed to the apoptosis and G(2) arrest of T98G cells. The findings suggested that miR-21 may mediate the resistance of glioblastoma cells against radiation via its target genes PDCD4 and hMSH2. MiR-21 and its target genes may be used as potential molecular targets for clinical radiotherapy sensitization in the future.
Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Glioblastoma ; genetics ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; MutS Homolog 2 Protein ; genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Radiation Tolerance ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the application of three-dimensional reconstruction technique based on CT-MRI fusion in skull base surgery.

METHODSTo acquire the thin layer CT scan and MRI scanned images, to achieve image registration, fusion, segmentation and 3D visualization by using self-preparation software, to operate, observe and measure models by using methods of endoscopic observation, volume rendering segmentation, automatically and manually measure.

RESULTSThe center of the eye and foramen magnum in CT-MRI were used as point registration. Good coincidence of important anatomic landmarks were formed in the image fusion. The boundary of spotted graphical was clear and complete. The models showed a complete, continuous, smooth surface. Virtual endoscopy could display the inside three-dimensional structures of skull from nasal with fluent operations of rotation and transparency. The boundary of skull stump segmented after volume rendering segmentation was clear and smooth, and it could show bone signs and soft tissue models together. Cooperation of automatic measurement method [(32.007 ± 15.311) mm] and the manual measurement method [(30.240 ± 15.169) mm] for measuring the maximum diameters of the tumor model, the difference was significant (t = 8.409, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe method of selecting the center of the eye and foramen magnum in point matching is scientific, simple and easy to operate. The models reconstructed based on CT-MRI fusion images can accurately reflect the size of the soft tissue and be better measured through the automatic measurement. Reconstruction models can be observed through the way of virtual endoscopic within the nasal cavity or volume rendering segmentation from outside to inside to frustrate the relationship of skull structures. Three-dimensional reconstruction techniques based on CT-MRI fusion in skull base surgery can be used to plan surgical approach, to assess the risk of surgery and to achieve space measurements, and it laid the foundation for the three-dimensional navigation.

Adult ; Aged ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skull Base ; surgery ; Software ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed