Objective To evaluate the accuracy of chemical shift imaging (CSI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS) for fat quantification in phantom model. Methods Eleven phantoms were made according to the volume percentage of fat ranging from 0 to 100% with an interval of 10% . The fat concentration in the phantoms were measured respectively by CSI and MRS and compared using one-sample t test The correlation between the two methods was also analyzed. The concentration of saturated fatty acids ( FS), unsaturated fatty acids (FU) and the polyunsaturation degree (PUD) were calculated by using MRS. Results The fat concentration was (48.0 ±1.0)%, (57.0 ±0.5)%, (67.3±0.6)%, (77.3 ±0.6)%, (83.3±0.6)% and (91.0±1.0)% respectively with fat volume of 50% to 100% by CSI. The fat concentration was (8.3 ±0.6)%, (16.3 ±0.7)%, (27.7 ±0.6)%, (36.0 ±1.0)%, (43.5±0. 6)% and (56. 5 ±1. 0)% respectively with fat volume of 10% to 60% by MRS, the fat concentration were underestimated by CSI and MRS (P < 0.05 ), and had high linear correlation with the real concentration in phantoms ( CSI: r = 0. 998, MRS: r = 0.996, P < 0.01 ) . There was also a linear correlation between two methods (r = 0. 992, P < 0. 01 ) but no statistically significant difference ( pairedsamples t test, t = -0. 125 ,P = 0.903). By using MRS, the relative ratio of FS and FU in fat were 0. 15and 0. 85, the PUD was 0. 0325, respectively, and highly consistent with these in phantoms. Conclusion Both CSI and MRS are efficient and accurate methods in fat quantification at 7.0 T MR.

Objective Study the National Natural Science Foundation investment of traditional Chinese Medicine R&D investment in common illnesses to understand the total investment as well as researching areas, agency and disease. Methods Filtered research data of common illnesses from National Natural Science Foundation website database with keywords. Quantitative analysis was made with the obtained data. Results National Natural Science Foundation of China invested a total of more than 50 million RMB in common illness R&D, of which nearly 400 million RMB was invested to traditional Chinese medicine. Cancer R&D investment was the highest, bone diseases R&D investment was less than 0.1% of the total investment. Conclusion Total investment in common illness increased year by year, but the investment in traditional Chinese medicine ratio was still low.

Objective To determine the role of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) in ischemic acute renal failure (ARF) rats. Methods Gel mobility shift assay was used to detect the DNA binding activity of NF-KB in ischemic ARF rats and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was used to study the expression of renal inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) . The relationship between DNA binding activity of NF-?B and expression of iNOS was also analyzed. Results The DNA binding activity of NF-?B in renal cortex increased from 1.00 ?0.17 of controls to 3. 67 ? 1. 94 of 6 hours after ischemia-reperfusion ( P

Objective To investigate the anti-HBV constituents from Alternanthera philoxeroides.Methods The constituents were isolated with silica gel and gel permeation chromatography,and purified by HPLC.Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopy.The antivirus effects of the isolated compounds were tested by ELISA method in vitro.Results Ten compounds were isolated and elucidated as followings:oleanolic acid(Ⅰ),oleanolic acid 3-O-?-D-glucuronopyranoside(Ⅱ),oleanolic acid 28-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅲ),chikusetsusaponin Ⅳ a methyl ester(Ⅳ),4,5-dihydroblumenol(Ⅴ),N-trans-feruloyl 3-methyldopamine(Ⅵ),N-trans-feruloyl tyramine(Ⅶ),3?-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one(Ⅷ),24-methylenecycloartanol(Ⅸ),and cycloeucalenol(Ⅹ).The values of inhibition percent of compounds Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅴ-Ⅶ revealed a significant distinction compared to the control group.Compounds Ⅱ and Ⅴ showed significant inhibition against HepG2 cells transected with cloned hepatitis B virus DNA,their inhibitive ratios were 85.38% and 87.37% at 50 ?g/mL,respectively.Conclusion Compounds Ⅳ-Ⅶ are isolated from this plant for the first time and phenolic amides have been determined as the new structure type from the plants of Alternanthera Forsk.Compounds Ⅱ and Ⅴ from A.philoxeroides show the more significant anti-HBV activities.

Objective To investigate the effects of surgery-induced menopause on neuropsychological symptoms in women with perimenopause. Methods Sixty-eight women with perimenopause who underwent bilateral oophorectomy for benign indications were evaluated by the modified Kupperman index on the perimenopause syndrome pre-and post-surgery,including the score in neuropsychological symptoms.Patients were further requested to remake a decision on the acceptance of surgery,and were divided into "accept the surgery" group(n=30) and "postpone the surgery" group(n=38).The neuropsychological symptoms were reevaluated and comparison was made between these two groups. Results The prevalence of perimenopause syndrome pre-surgery was 67.65%(22/68),and that of moderate and severe symptoms was 30.88%.The prevalence of perimenopause syndrome post-surery(97.06%)(66/68)was significantly increased,as well as that of moderate and severe symptoms(70.59%)(P

Objective To present some revision surgery for correcting short and bulky outward appearance of reconstructed finger pulp in toe-to-hand transfer. Methods Since Sep. 1998 to Dec. 2006,in a series of 33 patients, 39 fingers had been reconstructed with 2nd toe. In order to change the shape of bulbous distal toe segment into a normal tapering fingertip, revisional operations had been designed, i.e. (1)Excision of bulky skin and excessive soft tissue from one or both sides of the finger pulp. (2)Transfer and inlaid the excised lateral soft tissue flap to the central constricting part of the finger pulp. (3)Full thickness skin graft to palmar central narrow part of toe pulp. 4. Rotational transfer of local lateral "L" shape flap. Results All the patients healed by first intention with no skin necrosis occurred. The bulbous rectangular shaped toe pulp were corrected and outward appearance were much improved in most cases. Though the outward appearance in one simple skin graft case was not satisfactory in correcting flexion deformity of distal segment and increased its circumference. Conclusion In toe-to-hand transfer, the distal segment of reconstructed finger often shown to have an bulbous toe pulp appearance, which may bring psychological burden to the patient and their relatives. Simple revisional surgery recommended here may yield favorable improvement.

The present study is to establish Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells and investigate the transport capability of PLGA nanoparticles with different surface chemical properties across Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells. PLGA-NPs, mPEG-PLGA-NPs and chitosan coated PLGA-NPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation method using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) as carrier material with surface modified by methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) and chitosan. The particle size and zeta potential of nanoparticles were measured by dynamic light scattering. Coumarin 6 was used as a fluorescent marker in the transport of nanoparticles investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The transport of furanodiene (FDE) loaded nanoparticles was quantitively determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Colchicine and nocodazole were used in the transport study to explore the involved endocytosis mechanisms of nanoparticles. Distribution of the tight junction proteins ZO-1 was also analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that the nanoparticles dispersed uniformly. The zeta potential of PLGA-NPs was negative, the mPEG-PLGA-NPs was close to neutral and the CS-PLGA-NPs was positive. The entrapment efficiency of FDE in all nanoparticles was higher than 75%. The transport capability of mPEG-PLGA-NPs across Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells was higher than that of PLGA-NPs and CS-PLGA-NPs. Colchicine and nocodazole could significantly decrease the transport amount of nanoparticles. mPEG-PLGA-NPs could obviously reduce the distribution of ZO-1 protein than PLGA-NPs and CS-PLGA-NPs. The transport mechanism of PLGA-NPs and mPEG-PLGA-NPs were indicated to be a combination of endocytosis and paracellular way, while CS-PLGA-NPs mainly relied on the endocytosis way. PEG coating could shield the surface charge and enhance the hydrophilicity of PLGA nanoparticles, which leads mPEG-PLGA-NPs to possess higher anti-adhesion activity. As a result, mPEG-PLGA-NPs could penetrate the mucus layer rapidly and transport across Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells.
Biological Transport ; Caco-2 Cells ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; chemistry ; Coculture Techniques ; Drug Carriers ; Furans ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; metabolism ; HT29 Cells ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polyglycolic Acid ; chemistry ; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein ; metabolism

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cadherins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; pathology ; Cetuximab ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Consensus ; Dissent and Disputes ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; classification ; pathology ; Genes, ras ; Humans ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; classification ; pathology ; Precancerous Conditions ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To evaluate the long-term outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) during hospitalization after cardiac surgery.Methods 1 770 patients underwent cardiac surgery in Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital from April 2009 to February 2011 were enrolled.Based on the Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline of AKI,the patients were divided into the AKI and the nonAKI groups,and followed up for 2 years.The 2-year survival rate and incidence of the advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) was compared between the two groups.Factors influencing the 2-year survival rate and incidence of the advanced CKD were also analyzed.Results Among all the patients,715 (40.4％) of them were developed AKT.(1) The 2-year survival rate of the AKI group was lower than that of the non-AKI group (83.2％ vs 93.6％ ;P ＜0.05).Compared with the non-AKI group,AKI group had an increased risk for death with the hazard ratio of 1.710 (95％ CI 1.250-2.340).COX regression analysis showed that AKI was an independent factor for death with the risk intensity just less than diabetes and chronic cardiac insufficiency.The advanced age,the preoperative history of chronic cardiac insufficiency and the time of staying in ICU also significantly increased the risk of death.(2) Compared with patients without AKI (0.2 ％),the incidence of the 2-year of advanced CKD was higher in patients with AKI (6.7 ％ ; P ＜ 0.05) with an hazard ratio of 31.220 (95 ％ CI 7.550-129.110).COX regression analysis showed that AKI was still the independent risk factor for advanced CKD after adjustment of other factors.In addition,diabetes,the time of the cardiopulmonary bypass and the time of staying in ICU were also associated with the risk for the advanced CKD.Conclusions AKI is common after cardiac surgery,which was associated with a decrease in the 2-year survival rate and an increase in the incidence of advanced CKD of patients,which emphasized the importance of prevention and treatment of AKI,and close follow-up of renal function for the improvement of patient long-term prognosis.

First-aid stations were divided randomly into 4 groups.Advanced airway for sudden cardiac arrest patients with laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was established in groups A and C while trachea cannula was inserted on spot of emergency medical service (EMS) or in ambulance in groups B and D.According to the results,the success rate of insertion and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of groups A and C were higher than the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).However,the required time was shorter (P ＜ 0.05).Due to a difficult catheterization environment,LMA is more effective and convenient than trachea cannula in EMS.