Objective To evaluate the accuracy of chemical shift imaging (CSI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS) for fat quantification in phantom model. Methods Eleven phantoms were made according to the volume percentage of fat ranging from 0 to 100% with an interval of 10% . The fat concentration in the phantoms were measured respectively by CSI and MRS and compared using one-sample t test The correlation between the two methods was also analyzed. The concentration of saturated fatty acids ( FS), unsaturated fatty acids (FU) and the polyunsaturation degree (PUD) were calculated by using MRS. Results The fat concentration was (48.0 ±1.0)%, (57.0 ±0.5)%, (67.3±0.6)%, (77.3 ±0.6)%, (83.3±0.6)% and (91.0±1.0)% respectively with fat volume of 50% to 100% by CSI. The fat concentration was (8.3 ±0.6)%, (16.3 ±0.7)%, (27.7 ±0.6)%, (36.0 ±1.0)%, (43.5±0. 6)% and (56. 5 ±1. 0)% respectively with fat volume of 10% to 60% by MRS, the fat concentration were underestimated by CSI and MRS (P < 0.05 ), and had high linear correlation with the real concentration in phantoms ( CSI: r = 0. 998, MRS: r = 0.996, P < 0.01 ) . There was also a linear correlation between two methods (r = 0. 992, P < 0. 01 ) but no statistically significant difference ( pairedsamples t test, t = -0. 125 ,P = 0.903). By using MRS, the relative ratio of FS and FU in fat were 0. 15and 0. 85, the PUD was 0. 0325, respectively, and highly consistent with these in phantoms. Conclusion Both CSI and MRS are efficient and accurate methods in fat quantification at 7.0 T MR.

Objective To present some revision surgery for correcting short and bulky outward appearance of reconstructed finger pulp in toe-to-hand transfer. Methods Since Sep. 1998 to Dec. 2006,in a series of 33 patients, 39 fingers had been reconstructed with 2nd toe. In order to change the shape of bulbous distal toe segment into a normal tapering fingertip, revisional operations had been designed, i.e. (1)Excision of bulky skin and excessive soft tissue from one or both sides of the finger pulp. (2)Transfer and inlaid the excised lateral soft tissue flap to the central constricting part of the finger pulp. (3)Full thickness skin graft to palmar central narrow part of toe pulp. 4. Rotational transfer of local lateral "L" shape flap. Results All the patients healed by first intention with no skin necrosis occurred. The bulbous rectangular shaped toe pulp were corrected and outward appearance were much improved in most cases. Though the outward appearance in one simple skin graft case was not satisfactory in correcting flexion deformity of distal segment and increased its circumference. Conclusion In toe-to-hand transfer, the distal segment of reconstructed finger often shown to have an bulbous toe pulp appearance, which may bring psychological burden to the patient and their relatives. Simple revisional surgery recommended here may yield favorable improvement.

Objective To investigate the anti-HBV constituents from Alternanthera philoxeroides.Methods The constituents were isolated with silica gel and gel permeation chromatography,and purified by HPLC.Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopy.The antivirus effects of the isolated compounds were tested by ELISA method in vitro.Results Ten compounds were isolated and elucidated as followings:oleanolic acid(Ⅰ),oleanolic acid 3-O-?-D-glucuronopyranoside(Ⅱ),oleanolic acid 28-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅲ),chikusetsusaponin Ⅳ a methyl ester(Ⅳ),4,5-dihydroblumenol(Ⅴ),N-trans-feruloyl 3-methyldopamine(Ⅵ),N-trans-feruloyl tyramine(Ⅶ),3?-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one(Ⅷ),24-methylenecycloartanol(Ⅸ),and cycloeucalenol(Ⅹ).The values of inhibition percent of compounds Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅴ-Ⅶ revealed a significant distinction compared to the control group.Compounds Ⅱ and Ⅴ showed significant inhibition against HepG2 cells transected with cloned hepatitis B virus DNA,their inhibitive ratios were 85.38% and 87.37% at 50 ?g/mL,respectively.Conclusion Compounds Ⅳ-Ⅶ are isolated from this plant for the first time and phenolic amides have been determined as the new structure type from the plants of Alternanthera Forsk.Compounds Ⅱ and Ⅴ from A.philoxeroides show the more significant anti-HBV activities.

Objective To investigate the effects of surgery-induced menopause on neuropsychological symptoms in women with perimenopause. Methods Sixty-eight women with perimenopause who underwent bilateral oophorectomy for benign indications were evaluated by the modified Kupperman index on the perimenopause syndrome pre-and post-surgery,including the score in neuropsychological symptoms.Patients were further requested to remake a decision on the acceptance of surgery,and were divided into "accept the surgery" group(n=30) and "postpone the surgery" group(n=38).The neuropsychological symptoms were reevaluated and comparison was made between these two groups. Results The prevalence of perimenopause syndrome pre-surgery was 67.65%(22/68),and that of moderate and severe symptoms was 30.88%.The prevalence of perimenopause syndrome post-surery(97.06%)(66/68)was significantly increased,as well as that of moderate and severe symptoms(70.59%)(P

Objective Study the National Natural Science Foundation investment of traditional Chinese Medicine R&D investment in common illnesses to understand the total investment as well as researching areas, agency and disease. Methods Filtered research data of common illnesses from National Natural Science Foundation website database with keywords. Quantitative analysis was made with the obtained data. Results National Natural Science Foundation of China invested a total of more than 50 million RMB in common illness R&D, of which nearly 400 million RMB was invested to traditional Chinese medicine. Cancer R&D investment was the highest, bone diseases R&D investment was less than 0.1% of the total investment. Conclusion Total investment in common illness increased year by year, but the investment in traditional Chinese medicine ratio was still low.

Objective To determine the role of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) in ischemic acute renal failure (ARF) rats. Methods Gel mobility shift assay was used to detect the DNA binding activity of NF-KB in ischemic ARF rats and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was used to study the expression of renal inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) . The relationship between DNA binding activity of NF-?B and expression of iNOS was also analyzed. Results The DNA binding activity of NF-?B in renal cortex increased from 1.00 ?0.17 of controls to 3. 67 ? 1. 94 of 6 hours after ischemia-reperfusion ( P

In subjects aged above 40 years old in Pudong,Shanghai,the annual progression rates from normal glucose regulation to impaired glucose tolerance and to diabetes were 9.5%and 4.4%respectively.and the annual progression rate in subjects with impaired Slucose regulation to diabetes was 20.2%.The conversion rate to diabetes increased along with elevated number of risk factors.

Objective To investigate the situation of prevalence,treatment and control of hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD)by CROSS-sectional study. Methods Nine hundred out-patients with CKD in our department from November 2006 to March 2007 were enrolled in the study,including 480 male and 420 female.Among 900 CKD cases,354 patients underwent maintenance dialysis,including 228 on hemodialysis and 126 on peritoneal dialysis.Results The prevalence of hypertension in CKD patients was 80.2%(nude 83.5%vs female 76.4%,P<0.01).The prevalence of hypertension in patients on dialysis was significantly higher than that in non-dialysis patients(90.1%vs 73.8%,P<0.01),but there was no significant difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis cases.Antihypertensive treatment rate was 92.4%in CKD patients with hypertension.and was significantly higher in patients on dialysis than that in non-dialysis patients(95.6%vs 89.8%.P<0.01).The control rate according to current recommendations for CKD patients (BP<130/80 mm Hg) was very low. Control of both SBP and DBP was only achieved in 20.4% of non- dialysis patients. The control rate of hypertension (BP< 125/75 mm Hg) in patients with proteinuria >1 g/24 h was 8.4%. The proportion of dialysis patients with BP<140/90 mm Hg was significantly lower than that of non-dialysis patients (45.2% vs 55.5%, P<0.01). The percentage of hemodialysis patients with BP < 140/90 mm Hg was significantly higher than that of peritoneal dialysis patients (49.8% vs 36.5%, P<0.05). The prevalence of hypertension was associated with the decrease of renal function and the increase of age. The prevalence of hypertension in diabetic nephropathy was higher than that in primary glomerular diseases. Patients received 1, 2, 3 and 4 or more kinds of antihypertensive drugs accounted for 37.2%, 37.5%, 19.3% and 5.9% respectively. The combination of calcium channel blocker (CCB) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors was more frequently used in CKD patients. The CCB was the most frequently prescribed drug (74.1% ), followed by angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers (ARB) (48.4%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) (25.6%) and alpha, beta-blockers (24.7%). Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in CKD patients is quite high, which is associated with the progression of renal function, increase of age, the type of underlying kidney disease, obesity and diabetes mellitus. The control of hypertension is unsatisfied in CKD patients, especially in dialysis patients and those with overt proteinuria.

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of intermittent patient-initiated single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis and continuous antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in postmenopausal women. MethodsA randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection. Single dose of antibiotic was given every night in continuous antibiotic prophylaxis group and every time after exposure to conditions predisposed to UTI in intermittent antibiotic prophylaxis group. The duration of prevention was 12 months in both groups. ResultsThe effective rates of intermittent antibiotic prophylaxis and continuous antibiotic prophylaxis were 71.0% and 81.8% respectively (P＞0.05). The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reaction in intermittent antibiotic prophylaxis group was significantly lower than that in continuous antibiotic prophylaxis group (7.7% vs 28.6%,P＜0.05). ConclusionsCompared with continuous antibiotic prophylaxis, intermittent patient-initiated single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis is a better prophylaxis with less gastrointestinal adverse reactions for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women.

Objective To study the efficacy of low-dose daytime ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (DAPD) and low-dose CAPD in diabetic end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with better residual renal function (RRF). Methods Forty stable diabetic ESRD patients with better RRF (rGFR ≥ 5 ml/min and urine volume ≥ 750 ml/d) were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups: low-dose DAPD group (n=20) and low-dose CAPD group (n=20). DAPD group received three 1.5 L to 2 L daily exchanges with a nocturnal empty belly, dwelling for 3 to 4 hours. CAPD group received three 1.5 L to 2 L daily exchange or four 1.5 L daily exchange regimens and dwelled during the night. At the beginning of the study and 6 months later, total weekly Kt/V and Ccr (peritoneal+renal), rGFR were calculated. Meanwhile 24-hour urinary protein,serum albumin (Alb), hemoglobin (Hb), fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin dosage were measured. Nutritional status was assessed by SGA. Results Thirty-five patients fulfilled the study. There were no significant differences between two groups in age, gender, BMI,PD time, D/Pcr, etc. At the end of the 6th month, the insulin dose[(33.6±10.9) U/d] and 24-hour dialysate protein [(11.13t4.95) g] in CAPD group were significantly higher as compared to DAPD group [(20.6±6.2) U/d, P＜0.05 and (5.66±2.88) g, P＜0.01 respectively]. Alb in CAPD group [(29.7±4.2) g/L] was significantly lower than that in DAPD group [(36.5 ±3.9) g/L, P＜0.05].While the net ultrafiltration [(554±187) ml vs (309±177) ml], 24-hour urine volume [(1090±361)ml vs (750±258) ml] and rGFR [(8.21±2.40) ml/min vs (4.88±2.11) ml/min] in DAPD group were all significantly higher than those in CAPD group (all P＜0.05). Conclusion For the diabetic ESRD patients with better RRF, the low-dose DAPD regimen is more effective to control plasma glucose, improve nutritional status and protect RRF than the low-dose CAPD.