We report a case of type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia associated with xanthoma tuberosum, xanthoma planum and xanthoma striatum. Serum lipoprotein electrophoresis showed increased beta fraction and pre-beta fraction, suggesting type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia.
Electrophoresis ; Hyperlipoproteinemias* ; Lipoproteins ; Temazepam* ; Xanthomatosis*

The visual outcome in consecutive 16 cases of suprasellar meningioma treated during the past 7 years was reivewed. Progressive visual loss, the most frequent initial complant(93.8%), occurred over a mean of 35.4 months, was often unilateral(6 patients) or bilateral but asymmetrical(6 patients) and was severe in 12 cases. All 16 patients hadvisual field abnormalities. There were 9 patients with tumors lager than 3cm in diameter and 7 patients with tumors less than 3cm in diameter. Four patients had tumors limited to the tuberculum sellae. The tumors extended from the tuberculum sellae onto the planum sphenoidale in four patients. into one optic canal in three patients, onto the diaphragm sellae in four patients and onto the medial sphenoid wing in one patient. Three tumors were incompletely resected(one involoving the medial sphenoid wing, one involving the diaphragm sellare and one involving the lanum sphenoidale). There was one operative death. Overall, 73% of patients had improved vision postoperatively, 27% remained unchanged. Tumor invoving the diaphragm sellae was associated with postoperative visual field deterioration. The visual outcome was affected by the severity of preoperative visual loss but not by the tumor size and duration of visual symptom. After a mean follow-up of 14.5 months, 15 patients are performing normal activities with improved vision.
Diaphragm ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Meningioma* ; Temazepam ; Visual Fields

OBJECTIVE: Determining language lateralization is important for the presurgical evaluation of patients with medically intractable epilepsy. The Wada test has been the gold standard for lateralization of language dominance before epilepsy surgery. However, it is an invasive test with risk, and have some limitations. METHODS: We compared the volumetric analysis with Wada test, and studied the clinical potential of volumetric analysis to assess language laterality in large surgical candidates with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). To examine the efficacy of volumetric analysis to determine language lateralization during presurgical evaluation, we compared the volumetric analysis of the bilateral planum temporale with the results of Wada test in 59 patients with chronic intractable TLE (rTLE, n=32; lTLE, n=27) who underwent epilepsy surgery. We measured the gray matter volumes of planum temporale (PT) of each patients using the VoxelPlus2 program (Mevisys, Daejeon, Korea). RESULTS: Overall congruence of the volumetric analysis with the Wada test was 97.75% in rTLE patients and 81.5% in lTLE patients. There were more significant leftward asymmetry of the PT in rTLE patients than lTLE patients. In lTLE patients, relatively high proportion (37%) of the patients showed bilateral or right hemispheric language dominance. CONCLUSION: These results provide evidence that the volumetric analysis of the PT could be used as an alternatives in language lateralization. Also, the results of the Wada test suggested that there was considerable plasticity of language representation in the brains of patients with intractable TLE and it was associated with an earlier age of brain injury.
Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Dominance, Cerebral ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ; Humans ; Plastics ; Temazepam ; Temporal Lobe

OBJECTIVE: The anterior communicating artery(ACoA) is known to be the most frequent location of intracranial aneurysms, but the complex arterial anatomy of the ACoA region makes this aneurysm among the most difficult one to treat. In the treatment of ACoA aneurysms, the direction of aneurysmal fundus is known to be very important in the surgical tactics. All ACoA aneurysms in our series were classified according to its direction, and analyzed the clinical features in order to investigate the prognostic factors influencing upon the surgical outcome. METHODS: The authors reviewed 236 cases of ruptured ACoA aneurysms that were operated from 1990 to 1997, were classified according to Pia's classification. RESULTS: The incidence rate of the ACoA aneurysm was 35.1%(236/672). Ventral group was more common than dorsal group, especially in ventro-caudal projection subgroup(36.0%). Poor preoperative clinical grade(Hunt-Hess grade IV and V) patients were more common in dorsal group(13.1%) than ventral group(2.6%). Rebleeding and intracerebral hematoma were more commonly seen in ventral group. However, vasospasm, hydrocephalus, hyponatremia, and intraventricular hemorrhage were observed more frequently in dorsal group. Worse outcome was more common in dorsal group than ventral group, especially in dorso-caudal projection subgroup. Also, poor outcome was identified in patients with intracerebral hematoma, intraventricular hemorrhage, hyponatremia, and hypertension, although statistically insignificant. In cases with the A1 dominancy, there was no difference in surgical outcome between the right and left side approach. The higher the aneurysmal neck from the planum sphenoidale, the worse outcome via pterional approach. CONCLUSION: It seems that the preoperative clinical grade, aneurysmal direction, and the height of aneurysmal neck, especially in the pterional approach, would be the major prognostic factors, and that intracerebral hematoma, intraventricular hemorrhage, hyponatremia, hydrocephalus and the intraoperative aneurysmal rupture would be the minor prognostic factors.
Aneurysm ; Classification ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Hypertension ; Hyponatremia ; Incidence ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Neck ; Rupture ; Temazepam

We report a case of type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia associated with xanthoma planum and xanthoma striatum palmare. The laboratory findings showed increased serum cholesterol and triglyceride on the lipid profile, and an increased beta fraction on electrophoresis of lipoprotein, suggesting type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia. The biopsy specimens of orange yellow colored plaques on the left axillary area of a 54-year-old female showed characteristic findings of xanthoma.
Biopsy ; Cholesterol ; Citrus sinensis ; Electrophoresis ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II* ; Lipoproteins ; Middle Aged ; Temazepam ; Triglycerides ; Xanthomatosis*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We compared functional MRI acquisition methods of sparse temporal acquisition (STA) and continuous acquisition (CA) to estimate the effect of MRI scanner background noise (SBN) on blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation of cortical and subcortical auditory centers during auditory stimulation. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Fourteen healthy subjects (eight males, age 30.6+/-4.7 years) were presented with classical music in a block paradigm (36 s on/off) in two STA [repitition time (TR)=12 s, 60 volumes] and two CA (TR=2 s, 360 volumes) functional MRI sessions. To account for the sample size difference, an additional volume-matched continuous dataset (CAm) was generated by matching CA to 60 volumes of STA. A group-level analysis based on BOLD activation maps was performed. Percent signal change (PSC), T-statistic values and signal variability in cortical and subcortical auditory regions of interest (ROIs) were calculated from individual activation maps and compared between the STA, CA, and CAm. RESULTS: The group analysis showed activation in the primary and secondary auditory cortices in all datasets. However, the activation of subcortical auditory centers above the accepted threshold was only observed in STA. STA (less SBN) showed higher PSCs and T-statistic values in all ROIs except planum temporale when compared to CAm. However, there was no difference in signal variability among the datasets. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that SBN should be considered as a significant confounder in auditory-evoked functional MRI studies particularly in the activation of subcortical auditory centers, and that STA can be an effective imaging method for reducing the effect of SBN.
Acoustic Stimulation ; Dataset ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Music ; Noise* ; Oxygen* ; Sample Size ; Temazepam

Anterior basal meningiomas, which belong the olfactory groove and suprasellar meningioma account for 12 to 22% of all intracranial meningioma. Anterior cranial base meningioma are difficult to operate on because of their proximity to the important neurovascular structure. The authors report 25 cases of large meningiomas of the anterior. cranial base operated on during recent 5-year period. The tumor ranged from 3cm to 6.5cm in diameter. Fifteen tumors were located in the suprasellae(included tuberculum sellae, planum sphenoidale, diaphragma sellae,and anterior clinoid process), ten on olfactory groove. The mean age of 19 female and 6 male patient was 55years. The main clinical symptom were visual disturbance, anosmia, headache, and psychotic syndrome. Tumors were approached in 11 cases by pterional, in 9 cases by bifrontal, in 3 cases by transbasal, in 2 case by orbitozygomatic infratemporal and in 1 case by combined approach with tranabasal and orbitozygomatic infratemporal. Total tumor removal was performed in 80% of cases. Postoperative complication include accentuated psychotic syndrome in two cases, worsening of visual function in two, major vessel injury in one, infection in one, CSF rhinorrhea in one, and oculomotor palse in one. Postoperative death was in four(16%). Results at follow up of the 21 survivours were good in 17(68%), fair in 4(16%). Selection criteria for operative approach is discussed with review of pertinent literature.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Male ; Meningioma* ; Olfaction Disorders ; Patient Selection ; Postoperative Complications ; Skull Base ; Temazepam

OBJECTIVE: In selected cases, the transsphenoidal approach(TSA) can be extended anteriorly to the tuberculum sellae, chiasmatic sulcus, and planum sphenoidale to obtain direct exposure of the suprasellar cisterns and its contents. We applied this modification of the TSA to various lesions of the presellar and suprasellar areas. We evaluate our clinical experience of this technique and review the related literature. METHODS: From 1999 to 2004, we used the transsphenoidal supradiaphragmatic intradural approachs(TSIAs) in 9 patients who had various lesions at the pre- and suprasellar regions. Concomitant presellar extension of the bone window was performed with the sublabial or transnasal transseptal transphenoidal techniques. After removal of the lesions, sellar or anterior cranial floor was repaired with silicone plate substitute. RESULTS: The TSIAs have been applied in the following cases: four tuberculum sellae meningiomas, two craniopharyngiomas, two Rathke's cleft cysts, and one non-functioning macroadenoma. The complications were one case of visual acuity decrease and one cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. CONCLUSION: The TSIA is easily applicable through a minor modification of the standard TSA. It is suitable for removing lesions located in the presellar and suprasellar area adjacent to the pituitary stalk with minimal brain manipulation and decreased morbidity.
Brain ; Central Nervous System Cysts ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ; Craniopharyngioma ; Humans ; Meningioma ; Pituitary Gland ; Silicones ; Temazepam ; Visual Acuity

Hemangioblastoma (HBL) in the suprasellar region is very rare and a few cases have been reported. Suprasellar HBL without von Hippel-Lindau disease is much rarer. A 76-year old male patient presented progressively deteriorating visual disturbance. MRI demonstrated solid suprasellar mass of 20 mm in diameter, broadly based to planum sphenoidale and diaphragm sella and dural tail sign after the administration of gadolinium diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA). Preoperative diagnosis was meningioma. Total resection of the tumor was not accomplished because of massive hemorrhage, and the histopathologic examination revealed the tumor to be HBL. The visual disturbance of the patient was not improved. The authors reviewed the literature and considered a differential diagnosis of suprasellar tumors and treatment of suprasellar HBL.
Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diaphragm ; Gadolinium ; Hemangioblastoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meningioma ; Tail ; Temazepam ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease

We report a case of a 59 year-old female with hyperlipoproteinernia who had xanthoma tuberosum, xanthoma tendinosurn and xanthoma planum. Yellowish nodules appeared on the right elbow 26 years ago and the lesions gradually increased in size and spread to the elbow, hand, knee, foot and achilles tendon. Except for the skin lesion, she was normal on physical examination. The laboratory findings showed that the serum cholesterol, beta lipoprotein and total lipid were increased. The beta band was rnarkedly elevated on electrophoresis, which suggested type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia. Histopathological findings shc wed many aggregates of foam cells and foreign body giant cells were seen in the dermis.
Achilles Tendon ; Cholesterol ; Dermis ; Elbow ; Electrophoresis ; Female ; Foam Cells ; Foot ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Hand ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II* ; Knee ; Lipoproteins ; Middle Aged ; Physical Examination ; Skin ; Temazepam* ; Xanthomatosis*