OBJECTIVETo probe into a treatment method for increasing clinical therapeutic effect on xerophthalmia.

METHODSForty-five cases were randomly divided into acupuncture group 1, acupuncture group 2 and control group. The acupuncture group 1 were treated with acupuncture based on syndrome types, and the acupuncture group 2 with acupuncture at local acupoints, and the control group with dripping of artificial tears. Local symptoms of eyes, S1T, BUT and FL were observed before and after treatment.

RESULTSS1T and BUT increased after treatment in the two groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), but did not significantly change in the control group (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in change of FL as the control group compared with the acupuncture group 1 and 2. The total effective rate was 86.7%, 66.7% and 33.3% in the acupuncture group 1, 2 and the control group, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe integral syndrome differentiation acupuncture can improve secretion of tear, increase stability of tear film, improve local symptoms of eyes with a therapeutic effect better than acupuncture at local acupoints and artificial tears.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Syndrome ; Tears ; secretion ; Xerophthalmia ; therapy

No abstract available.
Aged ; Dacryocystorhinostomy/*methods ; Dry Eye Syndromes/metabolism/*surgery ; Eyelids/*surgery ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus/secretion/*surgery ; Male ; Suture Techniques/*instrumentation ; Tears/*secretion

PURPOSE: To investigate the diagnostic effectiveness of dacryoscintigraphy in children with tearing; to evaluate tear clearance rate as a diagnostic factor of dacryoscintigraphy in children with tearing; and to analyze the results of treatment according to dacryoscintigraphic findings in children with tearing. METHODS: Between January 2010 and April 2014, 176 eyes of 88 children with tearing (49 boys and 39 girls; mean age, 23.81 ±14.67 months; range, 12 to 72 months) were studied retrospectively. Of these, 37 of 88 children with tearing were bilateral cases, and 51 were unilateral cases. None of the patients had a history of craniofacial disorder or trauma. The chief complaint of tearing with or without eye discharge and delivery mode, past history of neonatal conjunctivitis, syringing, or probing were collected from parents, grandparents, or previous hospital data. The drainage pattern of the nasolacrimal duct was analyzed, and the clearance rate of 50 microCi 99m technetium pertechnetate was measured by dacryoscintigraphy. RESULTS: According to the dacryoscintigraphy results, 98 of 125 eyes (78.4%) with tearing showed nasolacrimal obstruction and 29 of 51 eyes (56.9%) without tearing showed patency. There was a significant difference between tearing eyes and normal eyes (p = 0.001). The clearance rate difference after 3 and 30 minutes was 16.41 ± 15.37% in tearing eyes and 23.57 ±14.15% in normal eyes. There was a significant difference between epiphoric eyes and normal eyes (p = 0.05). Based on the dacryoscintigraphic findings, nasolacrimal-duct obstruction was treated with probing or silicone-tube intubation. The majority of patients showed symptom improvement (75.2%) during the two months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Dacryoscintigraphy is a non-invasive method of qualitatively and quantitatively diagnosing nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children with tearing.
Child, Preschool ; *Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Lacrimal Apparatus/*radionuclide imaging/secretion ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/metabolism/*radionuclide imaging ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tears/*secretion

We carried out the Schirmer test to measure objectively the amount of lacrimation among 51 clinically diagnosed parkinsonian patients (33 men and 18 women aged 50 to 79 years, mean 64) and 75 age-matched controls (42 men and 33 women aged 50 to 76, mean 62). Whatman No. 2 paper, prepared in precut strips 5mm by 35mm, was placed in the cul-de-sac for five minutes, after which the wetted length of the strip was studied. It was noted that the lacrimation amount decreased in patients with Parkinson's disease compared with controls: the average amount of lacrimation was 3.4 +/- 2.3mm in the former group and 8.1 +/- 6.5mm in the latter group (p < 0.01). We believe that the decrease in the amount of lacrimation is associated with emotional disturbance and autonomic dysfunction, and presume that the lacrimation may be under the control of the basal ganglia which has a connection with the superior salivatory nucleus downward and the limbic system upward.
Aged ; Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology ; Female ; Human ; Limbic System/physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Age ; Parkinson Disease/*physiopathology ; Tears/*secretion

OBJECTIVETo observed the clinical efficacy on dry eye syndrome treated with acupuncture on the acupoints around the eyes.

METHODSFifty-six cases of dry eye syndrome were divided into two groups, acupuncture group and western medicine group, 28 cases in each one. In acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied to Jingming (BL 1), Cuanzhu (BL 2), Sizhukong (TE 23), Tongziliao (GB 1), etc. In western medicine group, the topical artificial tear eye drops were administered. The corneal fluorescein staining, breaking-up time (BUT), tear volume and the symptom score were observed before and after treatment in two groups.

RESULTSIn comparison before and after treatment in acupuncture group, the statistical significant difference presented in BUT, tear volume and the symptom score (all P < 0.01). In comparison before and after treatment in western medicine group, the statistical significant difference presented in corneal staining, BUT and the symptom score (P < 0.01). The improvements in BUT, tear volume and the symptom score in acupuncture group were superior to those in western medicine group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture on the acupoints around the eyes achieves a quite good efficacy on dry eye syndrome.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Dry Eye Syndromes ; metabolism ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tears ; secretion ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficiency of Spanishneedles Herb eye drops in treating perimenopausal xerophthalmia in rabbits.

METHODTotally 36 rabbits (36 right eyes) were ovariectomized, and 2 months later divided into three groups: the experimental group (group A, n = 12) given Spanishneedles Herb eye drops, the control group (group B, n = 12) given PBS and the model group (group C, n = 12) given no drug. The Schirmer I test (SIT), fluorescent (FL), total tear protein, diastase activity, lactoferrin and lysozyme contents and confocal scanning microscopy were performed at before the treatment and at 1 w, 2 w, 1 mo, 2 mo after the treatment.

RESULTBefore the treatment, There was no significant difference in SIT, FL, total tear protein, lysozyme, lactoferrin and amylase activity between two groups. Two months later after the treatment, both the group B and the group A showed differences degrees of changes in SIT, FL, total tear protein, lysozyme, lactoferrin and amylase activity compared with that before the treatment, with statistical differences (P < 0.05); At each time point, both groups revealed statistical differences in SIT, FL, total tear protein, lysozyme, lactoferrin and amylase activity (1 < 0.05). Two months later alter the treatment, densities of basal epithelial cells and inflammatory cells in the group A were (4 122 ±416) cells/mm2 and (339 ± 131) cells/mm2, while that in the group B were (3 343 ± 424) cells/mm2 and (49 ± 17) cells/mm2, with statistical differences between them (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSpanishneedles Herb eye drops could effectively treat perimenopausal xerophthalmia in rabbit caused by sex hormones decline.

Animals ; Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; administration & dosage ; Perimenopause ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Tears ; secretion ; Xerophthalmia ; drug therapy ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy differences between acupuncture-moxibustion and medication in xerophthalmia.

METHODSEighty cases of xerophthalmia were randomly divided into an acupuncture-moxibustion group and a medication group, 40 cases in each group. In acupuncture-moxibustion group, acupuncture was applied to the local and distal points, such as Jingming (BL 1), Cuanzhu (BL 2), Taiyang (EX-HN 5) and Quchi (LI 11) etc., combined with non-smoking moxibustion. In medication group, Sodium Hyaluronate eye drops were administered, three times per day, 1 drop each time. Before and after treatment, tear secretion volume (Schirmer's test), break-up time (BUT), symptom score, visual function score and tear film grade were observed.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 73.1% (57/78) in acupuncture-moxibustion group, and was 37.2% (29/78) in medication group, indicating significant statistical difference in comparison (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in statistics in tear secretion volume between two groups after treatment (P < 0.05), in which, the result in acupuncture-moxibustion group was superior to that in medication group. The significant statistical differences presented in tear secretion volume, BUT, symptom score, visual function score and tear film grade in comparison before and after treatment in acupuncture-moxibustion group (all P < 0.05). The significant statistical difference presented in symptom score and tear film grade before and after treatment in medication group (both P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture-moxibustion apparently relieves the symptoms of xerophthalmia, promotes tear secretion and improves the life quality of patients.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Tears ; secretion ; Treatment Outcome ; Xerophthalmia ; metabolism ; therapy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the tear film function of patients with type 2 diabetes and to investigate the risk factors of dry eye in these patients.

METHODSTotally 111 patients with type 2 diabetes and 100 age- and sex-matched control subjects were studied. Tear film function was evaluated by dry eye syndrome, tear breaking up time (BUT), corneal fluorescein staining, Schirmer I test (SIt), and tear film lipid layer observation with tear scope. Dye eye score was calculated with the results of these tests.

RESULTSWhen compared with the controls, patients with type 2 diabetes showed higher dry eye score (diabetics 3.28 +/- 1.56, control 2.31 +/- 1.50, P < 0.01) and faster BUT [diabetics (6.50 +/- 4.84) s, control (12.26 +/- 7.16) s, P < 0.01], but similar SIt [diabetics (10.61 +/- 6.86) s, control (10.92 +/- 7.05) s, P > 0.05]. More diabetic patients were diagnosed as dry eye(diabetics 19.8%, control 8.0%, P < 0.05). According to their retinopathy, the diabetic patients were divided into three groups: without diabetic retinopathy (DR), with background DR, and with proliferative DR. For these three groups, the dry eye scores were 2.95 +/- 1.50, 3.38 +/- 1.48 and 4.11 +/- 1.60, respectively (P < 0.01); the SIt were (10.95 +/- 6.89) mm, (11.71 +/- 7.30) mm and (7.63 +/- 5.20) mm, respectively (P > 0.05); the BUT were (7.53 +/- 5.23) s, (5.88 +/- 4.10) s and (4.47 +/- 4.17) s (P < 0.05). Patients with DR were then devided into two groups: with photocoagulation and without photocoagulation. For these two groups, the dry eye scores were 4.71 +/- 1.14 and 3.26 +/- 1.15, respectively (P < 0.01); the BUT were (2.93 +/- 2.06) s and (6.26 +/- 4.36) s, respectively (P < 0.01); the SIt were (7.21 +/- 6.51) mm and (11.33 +/- 6.73) mm, respectively (P < 0.05); the rates of corneal fluorescein staining were 50.0% and 17.9%, respectively (P < 0.05). Dry eye score had a good correlation with diabetic retinopathy and photocoagulation (P < 0.01), but was poorly correlaed with age, gender, insulin, duration of diabetes mellitus, and metabolic control (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPatients with type 2 diabetes tend to develop tear film dysfunction. The disorders of tear film quantity and quality seem relevant to the stage of diabetic retinopathy and photocoagulation.

Adult ; Aged ; Cornea ; physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; physiopathology ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; complications ; physiopathology ; Dry Eye Syndromes ; complications ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tears ; secretion

OBJECTIVETo observe clinical therapeutic effect of moxibustion with thunder-fire herbal moxa stick on xerophthalmia of oligodacrya.

METHODSSeventy cases were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. The observation group (n=36) were treated with moxibustion with thunder-fire herbal moxa stick at Cuanzhu (BL 2), Yuyao (EX-HN 4), Tongziliao (GB 1), Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Sibai (ST 2), Jingming (BL 1), etc. and massage of acupoints and lacrimal gland around the eye. The control group (n=34) were treated with local dripping Leiran Diyanye. Changes of the main symptoms, tears secretion test, lacrimal membrane breaking time and corneal fluorescent staining before and after treatment were observed in the two groups.

RESULTSAfter treatment, sensation of dryness and foreign body sensation in the eye, asthenopia and gross symptoms significantly improved (P<0.01) in the two groups, and the observation group in the improvement of the sensation of dryness and foreign body sensation in the eye and the gross symptoms was better than the control group (P<0.05); tears secretion test significantly improved and was better in the observation group than that in the control group (P<0.05); lacrimal membrane breaking time and corneal fluorescent staining were improved in the two groups (P<0.05), and the improvement of lacrimal membrane breaking time in the observation group was more obvious than that in the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONMoxibustion with thunder-fire herbal moxa stick has good therapeutic effect on xerophthalmia of oligodacrya.

Adult ; Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; methods ; Tears ; secretion ; Vision, Ocular ; Xerophthalmia ; physiopathology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy differences of acupoints massage for asthenopia of video display terminal (VDT) under different exposure dose.

METHODSOne hundred and two cases (204 eyes) were divided into a low exposure group and a high exposure group, fifty-one cases in each group. The same intervention of acupoints massage on Cuanzhu (BL 2), Jingming (BL 1), Sizhukong (TE 23), Sibai (ST 2) and Taiyang(EX-HN 5) were given to the two groups, one acupoint for 5 min and once everyday, one month of which made a course. The symptom score, tear film break-up time (BUT) and Schirmer I test(SIT) were observed before and after treatment.

RESULTS(1) The correlation coefficient of cubic curve model of the exposure dose was the biggest with symptom improvement index (P = 0.000), which indicated that the lower VDT exposure index was, the more obvious the symptom improved. The symptom improvement indices of low exposure group and high exposure group, which were (52.31 +/- 16.65)% and (28.93 +/- 13.35)% respectively, were statistical significant difference (P = 0.000). (2) Compared to before treatment, the levels of BUT and SIT in the two groups were both significantly higher (P < 0.05). Compared with the high exposure group, the levels of BUT and SIT in the low exposure group were increased by 0.826 s (P = 0.022) and 1.029 mm (P = 0.033), respectively, after the impact of BUT and SIT was corrected before the research.

CONCLUSIONThe acupoints massage can improve the symptoms and ocular physiology for patients with VDT asthenpia, and it is more effective for the low exposure cases.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Asthenopia ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Computer Terminals ; utilization ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Massage ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Tears ; secretion ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult