PURPOSE: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) education for school is extremely important in the community. In Korea, the curriculum for health care training including CPR has been established by law since 2009. The aim of this survey was to investigate the current status of CPR training in school from the viewpoint of program administration and their aids. METHODS: In January 2012, we conducted an interview survey with 243 health teachers regarding their educational status and confidence, current education condition for school, teaching materials, and opinion on governmental health policy. The characteristics of survey respondents were compared according to elementary, middle, and high school. According to their place of work, we focused on teaching methods and programs for implementation of adequate CPR practices. RESULTS: Half of the participants worked in elementary schools, 29% in middle schools, and 20% in high schools. Ninety-four percent of elementary respondents reported having ever run a CPR curriculum, and 51% of middle school respondents and 41% of high school respondents administered CPR education in 2011. The median time for CPR lessons was two class hours [interquartile range (IQR): 1~2]. The median number of students per lesson was 30 (IQR: 26~71). Among those who had been trained, 84% of the elementary school, 56% of middle school, and 55% of the high school had performed manikin practice. Healthcare textbooks (58%), group-used manikins (31%), visual aids (24%), and only 6% of individual practice manikins were secured for use as CPR teaching aids. CONCLUSION: Wide variations in CPR curriculums and educational materials were observed among different school levels, and the standard program administrations and equipment were insufficient. Therefore, strategies and guidelines for program administration should be established as soon as possible.
Audiovisual Aids ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Curriculum ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Delivery of Health Care ; Educational Status ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Manikins ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Teaching ; Teaching Materials

OBJECTIVE: We compared training using a voice advisory manikin (VAM) with an instructor-led (IL) course in terms of acquisition of initial cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills, as defined by the 2010 resuscitation guidelines. METHODS: This study was a randomized, controlled, blinded, parallel-group trial. We recruited 82 first-year emergency medical technician students and distributed them randomly into two groups: the IL group (n=41) and the VAM group (n=37). In the IL-group, participants were trained in “single-rescuer, adult CPR” according to the American Heart Association's Basic Life Support course for healthcare providers. In the VAM group, all subjects received a 20-minute lesson about CPR. After the lesson, each student trained individually with the VAM for 1 hour, receiving real-time feedback. After the training, all subjects were evaluated as they performed basic CPR (30 compressions, 2 ventilations) for 4 minutes. RESULTS: The proportion of participants with a mean compression depth ≥50 mm was 34.1% in the IL group and 27.0% in the VAM group, and the proportion with a mean compression depth ≥40 mm had increased significantly in both groups compared with ≥50 mm (IL group, 82.9%; VAM group, 86.5%). However, no significant differences were detected between the groups in this regard. The proportion of ventilations of the appropriate volume was relatively low in both groups (IL group, 26.4%; VAM group, 12.5%; P=0.396). CONCLUSION: Both methods, the IL training using a practice-while-watching video and the VAM training, facilitated initial CPR skill acquisition, especially in terms of correct chest compression.
Adult ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Education ; Emergency Medical Technicians ; Health Personnel ; Heart ; Humans ; Manikins* ; Resuscitation ; Teaching Materials ; Thorax ; Ventilation ; Voice*

The purposes of this study were to survey the present state and problems related to teaching and learning and to find out alternatives for improvement of teaching and learning method in Yonsei University College of Medicine. The findings of this study was following ; 1. Many professors made out in advance a lecture plan, which was composed of object, contents and plan, by textbook, and used expository method and teaching materials in class. In class they affirmatively responded that the evaluation of teaching was completed by quiz conducive to learning, that the object and evaluation of teaching presented by professor concurred and that homework, quantitaive of test and difficulty was appropriate. 2. We verified difference between success and failure of teaching method, which was used by professor of medical school, by x2-test. It was found a significant difference according to class readiness, passion, contents, fitness of textbook, teaching method etc. 3. In survey asking improvement on teaching-learning situation, professor requested the improvement of the method of evaluation and the skill involving in class as a insufficiency in teaching activities and the evaluation by students took advantage of class improvement. Otherwise, students responded it was lacking motivation, delivery of key-point and teaching on the same level with them.
Humans ; Learning* ; Motivation ; Schools, Medical ; Teaching ; Teaching Materials

This paper analyzes the severe challenges posed by the localization process in the internationalization of Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion to Chinese traditional acupuncture and moxibustion, and the ways to deal with the challenges. It is believed that the lack of deep understanding of the challenges in the process of internationalization of acupuncture and moxibustion is mainly due to the lack of knowledge structure of acupuncture and moxibustion, and the innovation of acupuncture and moxibustion teaching materials is the basis of effectively adjusting the knowledge structure. The direction of the reform of acupuncture and moxibustion teaching materials should separate the modern version of acupuncture and moxibustion that conforms to the nature of science and teach it in parallel with the traditional version of acupuncture and moxibustion. The development of modern acupuncture and moxibustion in line with the nature of science is not only an urgent need to meet the challenges of western acupuncture and moxibustion, but also an internal requirement for the development of acupuncture and moxibustion itself.
Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Knowledge ; Moxibustion ; Teaching ; Teaching Materials

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is vital for cardio arrest victims; in this field, researches have been aiming at its mechanism, operation guidelines, new CPR machines and so on. This paper summarized the studies on the mechanical characteristics of the thorax under CPR, and on the simulation work of sternal-displacement relationship in CPR manikins. The data from modeling work showed that the thorax's sternal-displacement relationship could be graphically represented by a hysteresis curve. As the actual CPR manikins' mechanical structures of the thorax are too simplified, it is necessary to do the work of improvement.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Computer Simulation ; Heart Arrest ; etiology ; therapy ; Heart Massage ; Humans ; Manikins ; Physical Stimulation ; methods ; Stress, Mechanical ; Teaching Materials ; Thorax ; physiology

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a nutrition education program to prevent breakfast skipping for elementary school children. Subjects were 102 5th grade students (51 boys, 51 girls) as the "education group" and 200 5th grade students (102 boys, 98 girls) as the "non-education group." The nutrition education program consisted of 4 lessons over an 8-week period. Teaching materials, including flash animation, panel, PowerPoint, and a bingo game, were developed for this education program. After education, there was significant increase in the percentage of students who had eaten breakfast every day, understood that breakfast has a great effect on health, and will eat breakfast every day in the education group compared to non-education group. Parents' positive behavior toward daily breakfast preparation and the percentage of parents who had their children eat breakfast every day increased significantly. The students of the education group responded positively to the questions of the benefit and importance of nutrition education. The flash animation received high marks, especially in terms of understanding of contents, content clarity, emphasis of the core content, delivery of necessary knowledge, and applicability of breakfast. This study shows the effectiveness of a 4-lesson nutrition education taught during an 8-week time period to induce changes in recognizing the importance of breakfast and in behavior toward breakfast consumption.
Breakfast ; Child ; Humans ; Parents ; Teaching Materials

The several questions in Theories of Acupuncture and Moxibustion of Different Schools, "the twelfth five-year plan" teaching material, are analyzed and discussed. The expression of DOU Han-qing on "playing a role of meridians, collaterals, qi and blood" is not so accurate, which is suggested to modify as "attaching the importance to needles". "Theory of heaven, human being and earth" "theory of acupuncture on qi regulation" and "the eight therapeutic methods in treatment of disease" in Jinzhenfu (Ode to Golden Needles) are valuable academically and suggested to be supplemented. The expression of XI Hong on "reinforcing and reducing technique by following or against the running course of meridian" and the expression of XU Feng on "the magic turtle eight techniques" are not concrete. It is required to elaborate them in detail. These questions are put forward and needed to discuss with the editors so as to perfect the teaching material.
Acupuncture ; education ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Teaching Materials

The author introduces the background of writing the innovation teaching material Science of Acupuncture Prescription in TCM university and colleges. The characteristics of this book were: (1) It establishes the train of thought on acupuncture prescriptions mainly based on the location of the acupoints. (2) It ascertains the relationship between prescriptions and science of prescription. (3) It highlights the scientific property of Science of Acupuncture Prescription by organic combination of inheritance and creativity. The publication of Science of Acupuncture Prescription serves as a bridge between Science of Meridians and Collaterals and Acupoints and Science of Acupuncture Therapy, perfects the course system of acupuncture and moxibustion and complements knowledge structure of acupuncture and tuinaology, and it also symbolizes the development of acupuncture and moxibustion.
Acupuncture ; education ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Teaching Materials

The publication of the new era nationwide and standardized teaching materials for higher medical school (a set containing 16 books) is the presentative achievement of the all-in-one integrative medical teaching material compilation, having prominent significance. In this paper, by classifying and comparing the contents in the book "Internal Medicine of Integrative Medicine", the flaws in theory, combination, field of view, feature, etc. of the materials were pointed out, and an assumption about integrating the writing resources, innovating the writing mode, giving prominence to the characteristic of the book and optimizing the writing content, etc, were suggested in order to advance the constructions of the integrative medical teaching materials.
Curriculum ; Integrative Medicine ; education ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Teaching Materials

This study investigated elementary, middle, and high school teachers' satisfaction, nutrition education, workload changes, and demands in school foodservice programs (SFPs). The subjects were 630 teachers at 12 elementary, 9 middle, and 9 high school within the nation. Ninety five percent of the teachers felt that there was a necessity for SFPs. Middle school teachers (MTs) and high school teachers (HTs) thought that it was necessary in order to reduce the students'burden of carrying lunch boxes. The teachers were relatively satisfied with their school's foodservice management types, food distribution types, meal quality, and sanitation. Elementary teachers (ETs) and HTs had a higher satisfaction than MTs. Teachers thought that SFPs had positive effects on their students' nutrition and health, enhancing desirable eating habits, and socialization. ETs had more positive opinions than MTs or HTs. ETs and MTs thought that their workload had been increased by SFPs more than HTs, but they had relatively positive opinions on the workload change. ETs taught nutrition and health through SFPs more frequently than MTs or HTs. Many teachers thought that there was a lack of appropriate teaching materials. Some teachers thought that the problems in the present SFPs were: a lack of cafeteria facilities, poor quality of meals, and management of leftovers. Their demands for SFPs were a improvement of meal quality and the establishment of cafeterias. In conclusion, MTs had more negative opinions than ETs or HTs. ETs perceived that SFPs had a function as an important educational activity as well as the supply of nutritional meals. MTs or HTs tended to consider only a meal. It is suggested that teachers, especially MTs and HTs, should modify their attitudes and recognize the educational functions of SFPs. Training programs should be developed under government auspices.
Eating ; Education ; Humans ; Lunch ; Meals ; Sanitation ; Socialization ; Teaching Materials