Curriculum ; Education, Medical ; methods ; standards ; Teaching ; methods

The development of Science of Acupuncture and Moxibustion should be in accord with the trend of standardization and internationalization of the science of acupuncture and moxibustion. Based on the arrangement of chapters and sections in the textbook, 29 national standards, 6 standards or guidelines made by World Health Or- ganization(WHO) and 1 standard out of International Standardization Organization (ISO) are classified and intro- duced. It is suggested that the above contents should be considered as the evidence when the textbook is reedited. Also, it is proposed that humanization should be supplemented and the newest research findings should be traced.
Acupuncture ; education ; standards ; Acupuncture Therapy ; standards ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; standards ; Science ; standards ; Teaching ; methods ; standards ; Teaching Materials ; standards

The book Acupuncture-moxibustion Clinical Skills Training is one of "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" in novative teaching materials, which is published by People's Medical Publishing House. Through learning the first half of the book commonly used needling and moxibustion techniques, it is realized that the selection of book content is reasonable and much attention is paid to needling and moxibustion techniques; the chapter arrangement is well-organized, and the form is novel, which is concise and intuitive; for every technique, great attention is paid to standardize the manipulation procedure and clarify the technique key, simultaneously the safety of acupuncture and moxibustion is also emphasized. The characteristics of the book, including innovativeness, practicability, are highlighted, and it greatly helps to improve students' clinical skills and examination ability.
Acupuncture ; education ; standards ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; standards ; Books ; Clinical Competence ; standards ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; instrumentation ; methods ; standards ; Reference Standards ; Teaching ; standards ; Teaching Materials ; standards

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the suitability and readability of printed educational materials for patients with hypertension in Korea. METHODS: A total of 33 written educational materials related to hypertension were collected from public health centers, hospitals, and internet web site. Among them, we analyzed 19 materials which fit the inclusion criteria: leaflets (n=9), booklets (n=3), and guide book (n=7). Two trained nurses evaluate the materials using suitability assessment tool (SAM; Doak, Doak, & Root, 1996a) and graded lexical items for teaching Korean (Kim, 2003). RESULTS: Overall, 14 (73.7%) of 19 materials scored adequate, and 5 (26.3%) scored inadequate. On the average, the education materials contained 36.1% to 50.5% of 1st grade reading level words and 12.9% to 21.6% of 4th grade level and over. CONCLUSION: The reading level of the materials was higher than a 6th grade reading level. It is proposed that the written educational materials should be developed by health professionals according to suitability and quality by taking the target group's literacy capacity into consideration.
Cultural Diversity ; Humans ; Hypertension/*prevention & control/psychology ; Needs Assessment ; *Pamphlets ; Patient Education as Topic/*methods/standards ; Reading ; Teaching Materials/*standards

OBJECTIVETo analyze the status quo of teaching behaviors of teachers in a medical university and identify the factors affecting teaching behaviors to improve the teaching quality.

METHODSAll the staff conducting direct teaching in a medical college were investigated by cross-sectional survey and case-control study. Logistic regression model was established, with the results of teaching quality as dependent variable and influential factors as independent variable. The case-control study was conducted by one-way analysis of unconditional logistic regression and logistic multivariate analysis.

RESULTSThe differences in teaching quality among 38 various teaching behaviors of the university teachers were significant. Four factors in teaching behaviors were found to influence the improvement of teaching from poor to excellent quality, 6 affecting improvement from moderate to excellent and 7 from poor to moderate.

CONCLUSIONThe critical teaching behaviors affecting teaching quality vary with different levels of teaching quality and potentials of improvement, and the closeness of the association also varies.

Case-Control Studies ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education, Medical ; standards ; Faculty, Medical ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Quality Control ; Staff Development ; methods ; standards ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Teaching ; standards

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the feeling state guided imagery(FSGI) and end state guided imagery(ESGI) on stress and performance of an intramuscular injection of nursing students. METHOD: The design was a time series with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest study. Data was collected from the 23 rd to the 25th of Nov. 2004. The subjects of this study were 40 female sophomores (21 for the ESGI, 19 for the FSGI). The instruments used in this study were the Visual Analogue Scale for Stress and the Nursing Skill Performance Check-list on Intramuscular Injection developed by the researchers(10 items). Guided imagery was provided through audiotapes for 8 minutes. A pretest was given before applying the guided imagery, posttest 1 was performed after the intervention, posttest 2 was performed before the intramuscular injection and then evaluation of the performance of the intramuscular injection was done. Data was analyzed using t-test, and Repeated Measures ANOVA. RESULT: The level of stress for those who received the ESGI and FEGI was not significant and the level of the nursing skill performance for those who received the ESGI was significantly higher than that of students who received the FEGI. CONCLUSION: The use of ESGI has an effect on learning psychomotor nursing skills and further research is needed on stress.
Adult ; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate ; Humans ; *Imagery (Psychotherapy) ; Injections, Intramuscular/*psychology ; Stress, Psychological/*prevention & control ; Students, Nursing/*psychology ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Teaching/methods/standards

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of teaching method using Standardized Patients (SPs) on nursing competence, self-directed learning readiness, and problem solving ability-focusing on subcutaneous insulin injection. METHODS: This research was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized post-test design. The subjects consisted of 62 junior nursing students at E University. Scenarios to train SPs and checklists to evaluate the students' competence were developed by our research team. The experimental group (n=31) participated in the teaching class using SPs. The control group (n=31) received traditional practice education. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive analysis, chi-square/Fisher's exact test, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha using SPSS WIN 14.0 Program. RESULTS: The mean scores of competence, self-directed learning readiness, and problem solving were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group. CONCLUSION: As confirmed by this research findings, the teaching method using SPs was more effective than the traditional method to improve junior nursing students' competence, self-directed learning readiness, and problem solving. Therefore, It is necessary to develop a various of scenarios and to testify their effectiveness.
*Clinical Competence ; *Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate ; Female ; Humans ; *Injections, Subcutaneous ; Insulin/administration & dosage ; Learning ; *Problem Solving ; Program Evaluation ; Students, Nursing/psychology ; Teaching/*methods/standards ; Young Adult

INTRODUCTIONAcademic difficulty can often be a significant problem for students in health professional programmes. Students in difficulty are often identified late in their training and run the risk of dismissal if remediation is not successful. Since the inception of the Medical Radiation Sciences Program (MRSP) at the University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, and the Michener Institute (MI) in 1999, a number of students have required remediation due to problems in the didactic or clinical component of their training. Not all remediation was successful, and a number of students have been dismissed. There is relatively sparse evidence in the educational literature regarding the nature of academic difficulties that health professional students encounter, and what constitutes appropriate remedial education. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of remediation in the MRSP and the nature of the academic problems. In addition, this study looked at the type of remedial instruction that the Radiation Sciences Board of Examiners (BOE) recommended for these students as well as the effectiveness of these recommendations.

MATERIALS AND METHODSThis study consisted of a review of the academic records of students who failed one or more courses and underwent pre-clinical or clinical remediation, and who were presented at the Medical Radiation Sciences Board of Examiners at the University of Toronto between September 1999 and December 2004. Data extraction forms were developed to obtain demographic information, the nature of the academic problems, the remedial recommendation, and their outcomes.

RESULTSThis study identified 69 students who were presented to the BOE 95 times. Forty-four students (44/69, 64%) were from the Radiation Therapy stream, 16 students (16/69, 23%) were from the Nuclear Medicine stream and 9 students (9/69, 13%) were from the Radiographic Technology stream. Most of the remediation occurred due to pre-clinical 50 (50/69, 72%), clinical 15 (15/69, 22%) and both preclinical and clinical problems 4 students (4/69, 6%). Out of 54 students who required pre-clinical remediation, 40 (74%) were promoted. Out of 19 students who required clinical remediation, 10 (10/19, 53%) passed their remediation. Six students (6/69, 9%) were dismissed from the programme due to unsuccessful remediation; 2 due to pre-clinical and 4 due to clinical problems. Based on these results, the remediation process at the MRSP was successful; however, 6 students (6/69, 9%) were dismissed from the programme during the last 4 years despite lengthy unsuccessful remediation.

CONCLUSIONOur study provided an important perspective about the remediation process at the MRSP at the Michener Institute for Applied Health Sciences. Despite its retrospective methodology, it attempted to identify the magnitude of learning problems that lead to remediation, and identified the efficacy of the remedial programmes.

Education, Medical ; standards ; Educational Measurement ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Ontario ; Radiation Oncology ; education ; Remedial Teaching ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Students, Medical ; psychology ; Universities