This study was undertaken to identify the health-promoting behavior and to explore the relationship between health-promoting behavior, self-efficacy, self-esteem and climacteric symptoms among the middle-aged women. The subjects for this study were 101 women and data were obtained using a self-reported questionnaires. The Questionnaire was composed of a health promotion life styles profile, self-efficacy scale, self-esteem scale, and, climacteric symptoms check-list. Data was analyzed by the SAS program using ANOVA, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The scores on the health-promoting behavior scale ranged from 46 to 114 with a mean score of 77.95(SD=12.99). 2. The scores on the health-promoting behavior of housewives were significantly higher than working women. 3. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that : 1) self-esteem was the main predictor and accounted for 21.75% of the total variance in health-promoting behavior. 2) Self-esteem, climacteric symptoms and health-promoting were contributors to quality of life. 4. In the relationship between variables, self-esteem was positively correlated with health-promoting behavior and negatively with climacteric symptoms. In conclusion, self-esteem, age and occupation were important variables in health-promoting behavior. The results of this study can be used for the management of health in middle aged women to increase their quality of life of them.
Climacteric ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Life Style ; Middle Aged ; Occupations ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Women, Working

No abstract available.
Humans

Thalidomide, a potent teratogen, is Known as an angiogenic inhibitor. This study was performed to examine the effect of thalidomide on corneal angiogenesis in rabbit cornea induced by chemical cauterization. We applied Whatman filter paper disc soaked in 30% silver nitrate (AgNO3) application on corneas of 12 white rabbits. After 5days, we administered oral dose of 100mm2 thalidomide to the 6 animals everyday and examined the length and extent of neovascularization to evaluate the area of neovascularization. After 2 days of oral administration, the increase of neovascularization is 14.3+/-11.7mm2in thalidomide-treated group and 27.9+/-14.6mm2 in cotrol grop. The area of neovascularization reached to its maximum at day 9 in thalidomide-treated group compared to day 11 in control group and decreased thereafter in both groups. The increase of the area of vascularized cornea revealed 28.0+/-13.5mm2 in thalidomide-treated group and 44.4+/-12.7mm2 in control group at the day 9 (p=0.04, Wilkoxon Matched-pairs signed-rank test). This fact means that treatment with thalidomide resulted in an inhibition of the area of vascularized cornea with the median inhibition of 37.3%. On light micrographs, there were infiltration of inflammatory cell and capillary lumens in corneal stroma in both animals. Electron micrographs of thalidomide-treated animals showed loss of vascular endothelial cell junction, mitochondrial swelling and loss of cristae which were not found in control animals. This results suggest that orally-administered thalidomide has a direct effect on the growing vasculature and an inhibitory effect on corneal angiogenesis.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Capillaries ; Cautery ; Cornea ; Corneal Neovascularization* ; Corneal Stroma ; Endothelial Cells ; Mitochondrial Swelling ; Rabbits ; Silver Nitrate ; Thalidomide*

Guillain-Barre syndrom(GBS) is not a single entity, but may arise from a variety of pathogenic mechanisms. In GBS, abnormally increased autoantibody levels to GM, constitute a group with motor neuropathy predominantly and substantial axonal damage, particularly those following Campylobacter enteritis. We report a patient, 43 years old male, who presented with 3 days history of rapidly progressive weakness of all extremities. Electreophysiologic studies were suggestive of axonal form of motor dominant polyneuropathy, Using ELISA, autoantibody of MAG(myelin associated glycoprtein) and SGPG(sulfoglucuronyl paraglobiside) showed normal ranges, but IgG GM. Autoantibodies abnormally elevated. Additionally antibody titer of Campylobacter jejuni increased. We reported the axonal form of Guillain, Barr syndrome associated with IgG GM,, Ab and antiCampylobacter jejuni antibody.
Adult ; Autoantibodies ; Axons* ; Campylobacter jejuni* ; Campylobacter* ; Enteritis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Extremities ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Male ; Polyneuropathies ; Reference Values

The stenosing foramen of L5–S1 by several degenerative diseases is one of the challenging areas on surgical approaching because of the deeper depth and steep slope in the lumbosacral junction. The floating view using unilateral biportal endoscopic spine surgery rather than docking into the Kambin’s zone can make the foraminal structures seen panoramically and permit dynamic handling of various instruments without destroying the facet joint and causing iatrogenic instability. Fine discrimination of structural margins in helps of the higher magnification and gentle manipulation of neural structures just as in open spine surgery could be guaranteed using floating technique from the target structures. Selective decompression with preserving innocent structures including facet joints could relieve foraminal lesions at the L5–S1 and decrease the necessity of fusion surgery caused by wider decompression and iatrogenic instability.
Decompression ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Endoscopy ; Lumbosacral Region ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Spinal Dysraphism ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine ; Zygapophyseal Joint

BACKGROUND: As a result of endoscopic development and diagnostic technical improvements, the detection rate of early gastric cancer (EGC) has been increased and the prognosis of patients has been improved with surgical treatment. The most important factor for the prognosis of patients with EGC is the presence of regional lymph node metastasis, whose incidence is approximately 3% in patients with intramucosal EGC and 20% in patients with submucosal EGC. Recently, endoscopic resection has become the modality of treatment widely accepted in well selected cases of EGC. We have reviewed the results of endoscopic resection of EGC during 10 years and follow-up. METHODS: Over a ten year period from 1989 to 1999, 47 EGCs were resected endoscopically and the mean age of patients was 62.6 +/- 9.5 years. Thirty-six cases were treated by endoscopic mucosal resection and 11 cases were treated by snare polypectomy. RESULTS: Thirty-five cases were defined as complete resection by pathologic study and 33 cases were enrolled in follow-up study group. During follow-up period, there were 6 cases of death which was not related to the original disease. The mean follow-up duration of the survival group was 36.5 +/- 25.7 months. Local recurrence was detected in 1 case and a new lesion developed on the other site in 1 case. CONCLUSION: It appeared that endoscopic resection is an effective therapeutic procedure for some cases of EGC.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; SNARE Proteins ; Stomach Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND: Compliance, defined as the extent to how a persons behavior concides with medical prescription or advice, has great influence on the treatment. Compliance can be a problem when dealing with chronic medical disorder requiring lifestyle changes and long term treatment. Elderly patients are thought to have more difficulty following prescription because they are generally prescribed more medication, and have more chronic disease. Thus we conducted this study to exam the medication compliance, and the factors associated with compliance in elderly patients. METHODS: The study population consisted of 60 patients (men 31, women 29), older than 60years, who visited a geriatric center in a university hospital in September 1, 1998 for one week. We used Moriskys self-reported questionnaire which consisted of 4 questions by telephone interview to figure out compliance, and asked 11 questions that may influence compliance, and then collected data sex, age, number of medication, complexity of prescription, physician number, follow-up days etc. by medical records. We defined compliance as given positiing answers to all of the four questions. We analyzed the correlation between compliance and associated factors with X2-test. RESULTS: Twenty one patients(35%) of the 60 patients were non-compliant. The factors associated with medication compliance were knowledgement of the disease (p=0.020), satisfaction with physician (p =0.012), explanation from physician (p=0.050), number of physician (p=0.024), number of medication (p=0.007), complexity of prescription (p=0.002). But there was no relationship between medication compliance and sex, age, education, perceived seriousness of illness, perceived effiicacy of treatment, family support, physical disability, treatment duration, adverse effect, and follow-up days. CONCLUSIONS: Thirty five percent, of the subjcts were non-compliant. In the factors associated with compliance, the doctor/patient factors as satsfaction with physician, number of physican, number of medication, complexity of prescription have more correlation than patient/disease factos. Therefore, we emphasize the role of doctor for improving medica compliancetion
Aged* ; Chronic Disease ; Compliance* ; Education ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Life Style ; Medical Records ; Medication Adherence* ; Patient Education as Topic ; Prescriptions ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Etiologies and clinical profiles of acute respiratory viral infections need to be clarified to improve preventive and therapeutic strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study at a single, university-affiliated center was performed to evaluate the respiratory viral infection etiologies in children compared to that in adults and to document the clinical features of common viral infections for adults from July 2009 to April 2012. RESULTS: The common viruses detected from children (2,800 total patients) were human rhinovirus (hRV) (31.8%), adenovirus (AdV) (19.2%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A (17.4%), RSV B (11.7%), and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) (9.8%). In comparison, influenza virus A (IFA) had the highest isolation rate (28.5%), followed by hRV (15.5%), influenza virus B (IFB) (15.0%), and hMPV (14.0%), in adults (763 total patients). Multiple viruses were detected in single specimens from 22.4% of children and 2.0% of adults. IFA/IFB, RSV A/B, and hMPV exhibited strong seasonal detection and similar circulating patterns in children and adults. Adult patients showed different clinical manifestations according to causative viruses; nasal congestion and rhinorrhea were more common in hRV and human coronavirus (hCoV) infection. Patients with RSV B, hRV, or AdV tended to be younger, and those infected with RSV A and hMPV were likely to be older. Those with RSV A infection tended to stay longer in hospital, enter the intensive care unit more frequently, and have a fatal outcome more often. The bacterial co-detection rate was 26.5%, and those cases were more likely to have lower respiratory tract involvement (P = 0.001), longer hospital stay (P = 0.001), and higher mortality (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The etiologic virus of an acute respiratory infection can be cautiously inferred based on a patient's age and clinical features and concurrent epidemic data. Large-scale prospective surveillance studies are required to provide more accurate information about respiratory viral infection etiology, which could favorably influence clinical outcomes.
Adenoviridae ; Adult* ; Child ; Coronavirus ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Length of Stay ; Metapneumovirus ; Mortality ; Observational Study ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory System ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinovirus ; Seasons

PURPOSE: To analyze the long-term stability of Farmer-type cylindrical ionization chambers by calibration factor provided from the KFDA (Korea Food Drug Administration) MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cylindrical ionization chambers used in this study were the PTW 30001 (30006), 30013, 30002, 30004, 23333, the Capintec PR06C, the NE 2571, the Exradin A12 and the Wellhofer FC65G (IC70). We were analyzed that the N(k) and N(D,W) calibration factor for the cylindrical chambers and compared between the measured N(D,W) and calculated N(D,W) calibration factor. RESULTS: We have observed that the long-term stability of the PTW 30013 (30006), the Wellhofer FC65G (IC70) and the NE 2571 has varied within 0.2%. The measured N(D,W) calibration factor was about 1.0% higher than the calculated N(D,W) that determined by the N(k) calibration factor. CONCLUSION: The study has evaluated that the long-term stability of the cylindrical chambers through analysis for the Nk and N(D,W) calibration factor. It has contributed to the improvement of clinical electron dosimetry in radiotherapy centers.
Calibration ; Radiotherapy