OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of protecting liver of brevifolin and 8,9-single-epoxy brevifolin of Phyllanthus simplex.

METHODRats were administered with CCl4 (ip) or alcohol (ig) to establish acute or chronic liver injured model, respectively. ALT, AST and TBIL in serum were measured using colorimetric analysis to evaluate liver function. MDA content or SOD activity in serum and liver tissue was measured by thiobarbituric acid chromatometry and xanthine oxidase methods, respectively. The hemorheological parameters were observed.

RESULTBrevifolin and 8,9-single-epoxy brevifolin reduced the increase of ALT induced by CCl4, but they did not influence the increase of AST. And it could inhibit the pathologic increase of serum TBIL induced by alcohol. They could ameliorate the MDA increase or SOD decrease in serum and liver tissue in rats with liver injury, and decrease abnormal changed hemorheological parameters.

CONCLUSIONBrevifolin and 8,9-single-epoxy brevifolin show protective effective against acute and chronic liver injuries, and the mechanism is relevant to antagonizing the lipid peroxidation of free radical and improving the blood circulation.

Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hemorheology ; drug effects ; Hepatitis, Alcoholic ; physiopathology ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Male ; Phyllanthus ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Taxoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo develop a method for determining plasma and renal tissue concentrations of cisplatin (DDP) after subcutaneous DDP implantation in mice.

METHODSDDP was extracted from the plasma and tissue of mice receiving subcutaneous DDP implantation and reacted with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC). The product Pt (DDTC)(2) extracted by diethyl ether was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the mobile phase of water and methanol at the ratio of 25:75 and the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The derivatives of DDP and nickel chloride were detected at the wavelength of 254 nm.

RESULTSThe linear range of DDP was 0.1-10 microg/ml (r=0.9998 for plasma and 0.9993 for kidney). The intra-day and inter-day RSD was below 10%, and the minimum concentration detectable was 50 ng.

CONCLUSIONThe method is accurate and effective for determining plasma and tissue DDP levels after subcutaneous DDP administration and can be used in pharmacokinetic study of DDP.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice

A 36-year-old man was diagnosed with a right temporal lobe grade II cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM) and was treated with radiosurgery. At nine months after the cAVM radiosurgery, the patient began to develop bilateral focal narrowing at the M1 segments of the bilateral middle cerebral arteries. The narrowing progressively deteriorated as was demonstrated on longitudinal serial follow-up MR imaging. X-ray angiography performed at 51 months after radiosurgery confirmed that the cAVM was cured and a diagnosis of moyamoya disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of cAVM-associated moyamoya disease that developed after radiosurgery. Given the chronological sequence of disease development and radiation dose distribution of radiosurgery, it is proposed that humoral or unknown predisposing factors, rather than direct radiation effects, are the cause of moyamoya disease associated with cAVM.
Adult ; Humans ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnosis/*surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Moyamoya Disease/*etiology ; Postoperative Complications ; Radiosurgery

Objective:To investigate the influence of isoflurane on neural stem cells and its possible mechanism .Methods:Mouse neural stem cells ,isolated and cultured in vitro ,were divided into the control group ,the phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) group and the isoflurane group .The control group was not intervened .The isoflurane group exposed to isoflurane for 24 h ,while the PBS group exposed to the same amount of PBS .Then CCK‐8 assay was used to detect the cell proliferation rate . Real‐time quantitative polymerase chaln reaction was used to detect the mRNA levels of apoptosis‐related genes .Expression of apoptosis‐related protein was measured with Western blotting .Annexin V‐FITC/PI kit was used to assess cell apoptosis . Results:Compared with those in the control group and the PBS group ,cell proliferation rate ,as well as the mRNA and protein levels of Notch‐1 ,CBF‐1 and Hes‐1 ,in the isoflurane group ,decreased significantly .There were more apoptotic cells in the isoflurane group than in the control group and the PBS group .Conclusions:Isoflurane can induce the apoptosis of mouse neural stem cells ,and the process is closely related to the inhibition of Notch‐1 pathway .

Background: and Purpose This study aimed to investigate early changes in interstitial fluid (ISF) flow in patients with severe carotid stenosis after carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS). Methods: We prospectively recruited participants with carotid stenosis ≥80% undergoing CAS at our institute between October 2019 and March 2023. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were performed 3 days before CAS. MRI with DTI and MMSE were conducted within 24 hours and 2 months after CAS, respectively. The diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index was calculated from the DTI data to determine the ISF status. Increments were defined as the ratio of the difference between post- and preprocedural values to preprocedural values. Results: In total, 102 participants (age: 67.1±8.9 years; stenosis: 89.5%±5.7%) with longitudinal data were evaluated. The DTI-ALPS index increased after CAS (0.85±0.15; 0.85 [0.22] vs. 0.86±0.14; 0.86 [0.21]; P=0.022), as did the MMSE score (25.9±3.7; 24.0 [4.0] vs. 26.9±3.4; 26.0 [3.0]; P<0.001). Positive correlations between increments in the DTI-ALPS index and MMSE score were found in all patients (rs=0.468; P<0.001). Conclusion An increased 24-hour post-CAS DTI-ALPS index suggests early improvement in ISF flow efficiency. The positive correlation between the 24-hour DTI-ALPS index and 2-month MMSE score increments suggests that early ISF flow improvement may contribute to long-term cognitive improvement after CAS.

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy of biological dressing containing calcium and magnesia (sheep dermis absorbing calcium and magnesia and cross-link with glutaraldehyde) on the management of hydrofluoric acid burns in rats and patients.

METHODSWistar rats were randomly divided into A ( n = 24, normal control, with isotonic saline dressing after burns), B ( n = 32, with isotonic saline dressing treatment after hydrofluoric acid burns), C ( n = 32, with wet-dressing treatment after hydrofluoric acid burns), and D ( n = 32, with biological dressing treatment after hydrofluoric acid burns) groups. The rats in the latter 3 groups were inflicted with 3 cm x 3 cm TBSA full-thickness burns, and mortality, concentration of blood calcium , histopathological observation were carried out at 4,8,24 and 72 postburn hours (PBH), with 8 rats at each time-points. In addition, 46 patients with hydrofluoric acid burns were divided into E (with wet-dressing treatment) and F (with biological dressing treatment) groups to compare the curative effect.

RESULTSThe mortality in A,B,C,D groups were 0,31.2% ,15. 6% ,6. 2% , respectively. The wound in B group was deepened gradually after burns, but that in D group was slighter when compared with that in C group. The concentration of blood calcium in A group was higher than that in B, C and D groups at each time-points, and that in D groups was higher than that in B and C groups. The concentration of blood calcium in D group at 8 and 24 PBH were [(2.215 +/-0.008) ,(2.216 +/-0.008) mmol/L], which were obviously higher than those in B [(1.813 +/-0.017),(1.912 +/-0.013)mmol/L l] and C [(2.015 +/-0.006), (2.018 +/-0. 010)mmol/L] groups, (P <0. 01). The clinical outcome in E group was much better than that in F group.

CONCLUSIONBiological dressing containing calcium and magnesium can be applied in the emergency management and following treatment after hydrofluoric acid burns.

Adult ; Animals ; Biological Dressings ; Burns, Chemical ; therapy ; Calcium ; therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrofluoric Acid ; Magnesium ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rats

Objective To determine the incidence and prevalence of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and to evaluate its epidemiological situation in Hunan province.Methods Seven monitoring points were randomly selected from the province,a total of 8 311 subjects aged≥50 years were then chosen by stratified sampling.The cases counted in prevalence was defined as patients diagnosed before 24:00 o'clock August 31st,2013,and the new diagnosis for incident counting was defined as those diagnosed between 00:00 September 1st,2012 and 24:00 August 31st,2013.Results Among all 8 311 screened subjects,the number of TIA patients was 24 (288.8 per 100 000 people),the incidence of TIA was 7 (85.2 per 100 000 people).Standardized prevalence and incidence were 283.2 and 82.4 per 100 000 respectively using 2010 China census population.Among them,the standardized incidence rate of female was higher than that of male (114.8 per 100 000 person-years vs.48.8 per 100 000 person-years),and the prevalence rate of males was higher than that of female (288.2 per 100 000 people vs.273.2 per 100 000 people).Hypertension is the most important risk factor for TIA (55.2％).Conclusion The incidence and prevalence of TIA in Hunan province are higher than the national average.Hypertension is the main risk factor.

Human exhaled breath has great application prospects,e.g.,monitoring pharmacokinetics,disease diagnosis,due to its advantages such as non-invasive and high-frequency sampling.Breath samples can be collected from the oral and nasal cavity.However,the oral and nasal environment affect the chemical composition of breath sample.Therefore,the investigation on the chemical composition of mouth-exhaled breath and nose-exhaled breath is crucial for selection of appropriate sampling strategy for individual studies.In this work,secondary electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry(SESI-HRMS)was applied to analysis of respiratory metabolomics in real time.A quantitative analysis approach was established for 9 kinds of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)e.g.2-butanone,2-pentanone,ethyl acetate,methyl methacrylate,toluene,styrene,mesitylene,isoprene and limonene.The limit of detection was 2.3?240.8 ng/m3.The intra-day(n=6)and inter-day(n=18)relative standard deviations were 0.6%?4.6%and 4.3%?12.2%,respectively.Nine healthy subjects were recruited to investigate the chemical composition of mouth-exhaled and nose-exhaled breath.The results showed the good performance in quantitative analysis of 9 VOCs in breath air.It was found that the number of unique component(m/z)detected in mouth-exhaled breath(167)was 2.2 times greater than that detected in nose-exhaled breath(76),which might result from the complex environment in oral cavity.The signal intensity of commun component(163)was significantly different between mouth-exhaled breath and nose-exhaled breath.Additionally,the elemental composition analysis showed that the proportion of polar compounds detected in nose-exhaled breath was higher than that in mouth-exhaled breath.This study demonstrated that there was significant differences in the chemical composition between mouth-exhaled and nose-exhaled breath,which provided a theoretical basis for selection of exhalation mode.

Objective To study the risk factors for embolism in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(RMPP)and to construct a nomogram model for prediction of embolism.Methods This retrospective study included 175 children diagnosed with RMPP at Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to October 2023.They were divided into two groups based on the presence of embolism:the embolism group(n=62)and the non-embolism group(n=113).Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen for risk factors of embolism in children with RMPP,and the R software was applied to construct the nomogram model for prediction of embolism.Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that higher levels of D-dimer,interleukin-6(IL-6)and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR),lung necrosis,and pleural effusion were risk factors for embolism in children with RMPP(P＜0.05).The area under the curve of the nomogram model for prediction of embolism constructed based on the aforementioned risk factors was 0.912(95％CI:0.871-0.952,P＜0.05).The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed that the model had a good fit with the actual situation(P＜0.05).Calibration and decision curve analysis indicated that the model had high predictive efficacy and clinical applicability.Conclusions Higher levels of D-dimer,IL-6 and NLR,lung necrosis,and pleural effusion are risk factors for embolism in children with RMPP.The nomogram model based on these risk factors has high clinical value for predicting embolism in children with RMPP.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the antibacterial activity of Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin in combination with beta-lactams against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in vitro, to optimize treatment regime for antibiotics on the basis of pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) and drug sensitivity tests. Methods With checkerboard titration method, the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of a combination of antibiotics in different concentrations for 33 clinically isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were determined by broth dilution. Fractional inhibitory concentrations (FIC) were calculated for judging synergic effect of antibiotics.

RESULTSThe combination of Amikacin and Ceftazidime showed synergic effects (accounting for 57.6%). The combinations of Ciprofloxacin with Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Imipenem/Cilastatin, Meropenem showed synergic or additive effect. In the study with PK/PD, C(max)/MIC was the principal parameters for evaluation of aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone antibiotics, while T > MIC was the principal parameter to be used to evaluate beta-lactams antibiotics.

CONCLUSIONWhen antibiotics are used in combination, MICs can be reduced significantly and antibacterial activities are enhanced remarkably. The combination of antibiotics results mainly in synergic or additive effect, and no inhibitory effect is observed. PK/PD analysis plays an important role in planning optimal combination regime to raise clinical efficacy.

Amikacin ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Burn Units ; Ciprofloxacin ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; beta-Lactams ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology