Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Interferon-gamma ; therapeutic use ; Interferons ; therapeutic use ; Myxovirus Resistance Proteins ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Recombinant Proteins

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)as the most common hepatic disease worldwide is affected not only by extrinsic factors, but also by genetic ones. Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), another chronic disease regulated by both environmental and genetic factors, is closely related to NAFLD in signal pathways and susceptibility genes. This review summarizes the susceptibility genes of NAFLD, especially points out their relevance to T2DM and suggests their related clinical applications, which provide further evidence for the exploration of the mechanisms of the two diseases with a new direction for their diagnosis and treatment.

OBJECTIVETo explore whether the TNFA promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with the outcomes of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection in Chinese Han population.

METHODSOne hundred and forty-eight self-limited HBV infection subjects and 207 chronic hepatitis B patients were recruited. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequence specific primer-PCR(PCR-SSP) were used to detect the SNPs of five sites in TNFA promoter (-238G/A, -308G/A, -857C/T, -863C/A, -1031T/C). The frequency distributions of genotypes and haplotypes in different groups were analyzed by EPI and EH programs.

RESULTSThe frequencies of -238GG genotype in chronic hepatitis B patients were significantly higher than that in self-limited infection subjects (P=0.02). The frequencies of -857TT genotype in chronic hepatitis B patients were clearly lower than that in self-limited infection subjects (P=0.02). Haplotypic frequencies of GGCCT (-238/-308/-857/-863/-1031) in chronic hepatitis B patients was significantly lower than that in self-limited infection subjects (P=0.03), and the frequencies of haplotype GGCAT or GGTAT in chronic hepatitis B patients were clearly higher than those in self-limited infection subjects (P=0.0001; P=0.004).

CONCLUSIONTNFA promoter polymorphisms are important host genetic factors affecting the outcomes of HBV infection.

Adult ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Hepatitis B ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; Young Adult