No abstract available.
Acupuncture* ; Tattooing*

No abstract available.
Eyebrows* ; Tattooing*

No abstract available.
Tattooing ; Warts

No abstract available.
Tattooing* ; Xanthomatosis*

Background: As the number of patients getting tattooed is increasing, so is the number of patients seeking removal of tattoos. The primary objective of this study was to assess the reasons as to why patients got tattoos and also seek tattoo removal. The secondary objective was to study the demographics and the knowledge they had regarding tattoo removal. Methods: A cross sectional study was done among 250 consecutive patients who attended the Dermatology centre seeking tattoo removal. A questionnaire was used to fill in the details. Results: 167 males and 83 females were included in the study. Majority of patients were in the age group of 21 to 30 years (43.8%) followed by 31-40 years (26.7%). 56.6% of patients had got tattoos in the third decade and 35.1% in the second decade. 52.6% of those seeking tattoo removal had got their tattoos from amateur artists, village fairs or roadside tattoo shops. 45.8% did not have a specific reason for getting a tattoo and were decorative tattoos. 34.7% had names of their beloved or family members. 29.5% were seeking removal for professional reasons and 23.1% due to changes in relationship status. Conclusion Patients seek tattoo removal mainly for professional reasons, changes in personal relationships when they have name tattoo and due to complications. Most of the patients were in the third decade of life. It is important to educate school going children ang youngsters regarding the permanent nature of tattoo and its complications.
Tattooing ; Laser Therapy

Tattooing is becoming more popular around the world. As a result, the reported complications of tattoo are increasing. Local inflammation, infection and allergic reactions are the most common adverse effects. We report here on a healthy 39-year-old woman who developed multiple verruca plana lesions after undergoing semipermanent tattooing. The tattooing had been done 1 year earlier by an amateur.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; Tattooing ; Warts

The nipple-areola is the integral part of the breast. The purpose of nipple reconstruction is the creation of similar nipple like the opposite one in aspects of diameter, projection, colon and texture. To achieve these goals there have been many methods in the nipple reconstruction. Among these methods local chest flap is the popular one in nipple reconstruction. And the second method is nipple sharing and composite grafting of the opposite nipple. We compared the late result of the difference of nipple projection between two methods in 31 nipple reconstruction cases. The height of the nipple reconstructed by local flap was 8.3mm at the postoperative 2 weeks. But late result of it was 2.2mm, so 73.5% loss of nipple height was observed at that time. It was significantly lowered than one by nipple sharing method. Then most of them needed secondary surgery such as tattooing, additional augmented graft. However the height of the nipple reconstructed by nipple sharing was 6.9mm at the postoperative 2 weeks. Late result of it was 6.3mm, then only 8.7% loss of nipple projection showed. There was a significant loss of nipple protruding in local flap method comparing with nipple sharing method. The color matching and texture were more natural and similar to the opposite nipple in nipple sharing method than local chest flap ones. However nipple sharing method has many limitations in small or flat nipples. But these limitations can be gotten over by selecting the proper sharing method and including surround areolar tissue. We concluded that the projection of the nipple reconstructed by sharing method was significantly well maintained and more effective than one reconstructed by local chest flap. And the late result of local chest flap method was poor in the projection of nipple.
Breast ; Colon ; Nipples* ; Tattooing ; Thorax* ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes of corneal nerve innervation and sensitivity after corneal tattooing. METHODS: Twelve New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups of six subjects each. Tissue marking dye or balanced-salt solution was injected into the corneal stroma in one eye of each subject. Corneal nerve innervation was observed at 3 days and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively and compared with that of the opposite eyes. Corneal sensitivity was evaluated at 1, 2, and 3 days and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively and compared to the preoperative values in the same subjects. RESULTS: The ratios of corneal nerve density of the study eyes to those of the control fellow eyes were 1.09 in the central area and 1.06 in the peripheral area in subjects injected with tissue marking dye, and 1.11 and 1.23, respectively, in subjects injected with balanced salt solution, which showed no difference between the two groups. The corneal nerve density tends to increase at 3 days postoperatively (p=0.125), but no significant change was found thereafter. Corneal sensitivity assessed using the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer was 2.13+/-0.48 cm preoperatively. At three days postoperatively, it was 2.50+/-0.48 cm in subjects injected with tissue marking dye and 2.33+/-0.26 cm in subjects injected with balanced salt solution. It was significantly increased at 3 days postoperatively (2.42+/-0.36 cm, p=0.031), but there were no significant changes at 7 days or more postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal nerve density increased at 3 days after corneal tattooing, and this effect is thought to be related to early postoperative hypersensitivity.
Corneal Stroma ; Hypersensitivity ; Nerve Regeneration* ; Rabbits ; Tattooing*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the presence and severity of meibomian gland (MG) dysfunction among eyes of female subjects with and without eyelid margin tattoos using infrared meibography and colored photographs. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study that involved 38 Filipino females with and without eyelid margin tattoos. Infrared meibography was performed on the upper and lower eyelids of each eye to assess total or partial MG dropout. Colored photographs were taken to evaluate vascularity, irregularity, thickening of the lid margins, and plugging of MG orifices. Severity of MG dysfunction (MGD) was assessed using Arita’s MGD proposed grading scale. Independent t-test was used to compare MG dropout and other lid margin parameters between the two groups. Prevalence ratio and prevalence odds ratio were calculated to measure the likelihood of MGD among eyes with eyelid tattoos. RESULTS: Seventy-four (74) eyes were included in the study (36 in the tattoo group and 38 in the control group). Scores for abnormal vascularity, irregularity, and thickening of the lid margins were significantly higher in the tattoo group compared to the control group (p<0.0000001). However, plugging of gland orifices scores between the two groups were found to be similar (upper eyelid: p=0.65; lower eyelid: p=0.91). Total MG dropout was significantly greater in the tattoo group (upper eyelid: -1.11 ± 0.82; lower eyelid: 1.37 ± 0.75) compared to the control group (upper eyelid: 0.53 ± 0.83; lower eyelid: 0.45 ± 0.76) (upper eyelid: p=0.003; lower eyelid: p=0.000001) for the upper and lower eyelid, respectively). Analysis of total MG dropout between the two groups showed a prevalence ratio of 2.13. CONCLUSION: Eyelid margin tattoos are associated with several eyelid margin abnormalities and increase the risk of meibomian gland droupout.
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ; Tattooing ; Margins of Excision

The goal of nipple-areolar reconstruction is to create a nipple that is appropriately located on the breast mound and has adequate projection, shape, color and texture to match the contralateral nipple-areolar complex. Despite various reports of techniques, no single technique is considered as an established method. The common methods of nipple reconstruction consist of composite grafts and local flaps, and the areolar is usually reconstructed by skin graft and tattooing. The authors introduce a systematic approach to select the appropriate reconstructive techniques for nipple-areolar complex reconstruction. If the patient has sufficient projection of the contralateral nipple and is willing to use it as a donor site, the composite graft of nipple is primarily considered. When the composite graft is not indicated, the methods using local flap such as skate flap and CV flap are proposed. Skate flap is best suited to maintain the contour of reconstructed breast mound. Although CV flap may distort the shape of breast mound, the method is popular for its simplicity. For creation of areolar, tattooing is widely performed to minimize the donor site morbidity rather than skin graft. Despite the algorithm of reconstructive techniques, it is important for the surgeon to choose the most familiar technique for superior outcomes. The nipple-areolar complex reconstruction is an integral step in the long treatment journey. Although the techniques of nipple reconstruction seem simplistic, they play a major role and demand meticulous attention to achieve good aesthetic outcomes.
Breast ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; Nipples ; Skin ; Tattooing ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants