PURPOSE: To validate a conceptual short-form health literacy 12 items questionnaire (HL-SF12) in patient populations. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted via a convenient sample of 403 patients from three departments of a community general hospital in the northern Taiwan. Patients' health literacy was assessed with a validated HL-SF12, derived from the full scale, the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q), as well as a single-item from Chew's Set of Brief Health Literacy Question. A reference population in Northern Taiwan (n = 928) via the HLS-EU-Q in 2013–2014 was used as a reference to compare the health literacy between that of the general public and the patients. Data was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency analysis, correlation analysis, and linear regression models. RESULTS: Patients' health literacy assessed with the HL-SF12 was shown with high internal consistency (Cronbach α = .87), and moderately correlated with the single-item from Chew's Set of Brief Health Literacy Question, with satisfactory item-scale convergent validity (item-scale correlation ≥ .40), without floor/ceiling effect, and with satisfactory goodness of fit indices of the three-factor construct model for most of the patients. Their health literacy was significantly positively associated with female gender, higher income, and more often watching health-related TV programs. On the other hands, patients were reported with significantly higher healthcare health literacy than the general public, but not in general health literacy, disease prevention health literacy, or health promotion health literacy. CONCLUSION: The comprehensive HL-SF12 was a valid and easy to use tool for assessing patients' health literacy in the hospitals to facilitate healthcare providers in enhancing patients' health literacy and healthcare qualities.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; Hand ; Health Literacy* ; Health Personnel ; Health Promotion ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Taiwan

Problem: Fieldwork is a vital component of public health emergency response, yet little has been published on undertaking fieldwork safely. Safety is of particular importance with emerging pandemic viruses, which can pose additional risks to public health fieldwork staff. Context: During a pandemic, surge health staff may be drawn from diverse professional backgrounds; they may have limited experience in fieldwork or be unfamiliar with the risks posed by a novel virus. Novel pathogens pose dangers to fieldwork staff, particularly when there are global or local shortages of personal protective equipment. Action: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, New South Wales (NSW) Health’s Public Health Emergency Operations Centre (PHEOC) deployed staff for fieldwork in a range of settings. The PHEOC developed a protocol to systematize planning, risk assessment and management for COVID-19 fieldwork. The protocol was accompanied by training, discussion exercises and debriefs to support PHEOC fieldwork staff. Lessons learned Effective fieldwork is an essential component of outbreak investigation and management, including stakeholder management. Here, we share and discuss key elements of the NSW Health protocol to support fieldwork during outbreak responses for emerging communicable diseases across various resource contexts. Limited understanding of novel viruses, particularly in the early phases of a pandemic, must be considered in decisions to deploy fieldwork staff and implement precautionary risk mitigation approaches. Planning is essential to protect staff and ensure ethical allocation of resources. Through appropriate selection of teams and training, surge staff can be supported to effectively conduct fieldwork.