Management of cardiovascular risk factors in diabetes demands special attention due to their co-existence. Pioglitazone (PIO) and telmisartan (TLM) combination can be beneficial in effective control of cardiovascular complication in diabetes.In this research,we developed and validated a high throughput LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of PIO and TLM in rat plasma. This developed method is more sensitive and can quantitate the analytes in relatively shorter period of time compared to the previously reported methods for their individual quantification. Moreover, till date, there is no bioanalytical method available to simultaneously quantitate PIO and TLM in a single run. The method was validated according to the USFDA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation.A linear response of the analytes was observed over the range of 0.005–10μg/mL with satisfactory precision and accuracy. Accuracy at four quality control levels was within 94.27%–106.10%. The intra-and inter-day precision ranged from 2.32% to 10.14% and 5.02% to 8.12%,respectively.The method was reproducible and sensitive enough to quantitate PIO and TLM in rat plasma samples of a preclinical pharmacokinetic study.Due to the potential of PIO-TLM combination to be therapeutically explored,this method is expected to have significant usefulness in future.

INTRODUCTIONWe aimed to analyse the pregnancy outcome of women with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction.

METHODSThis was a retrospective observational analysis conducted at the Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India, between January 2007 and September 2009. A total of 41 pregnancies in 24 women were evaluated.

RESULTSAll women conceived spontaneously (maternal age 20-35 years). 17 women had moderate-to-severe anaemia, and five women had pancytopenia. Variceal bleeding occurred in ten women during pregnancy, which was managed successfully with endoscopic sclerotherapy in eight women and endoscopic variceal ligation in two women. Preterm labour (14.63%), postpartum haemorrhage (7.31%), abortion (4.87%) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (4.87%) were observed in the 41 pregnancies. There were 39 live births and almost all mothers delivered vaginally, except for four who underwent Caesarean section for obstetric indications. Prematurity (15.38%), low birth weight (10.25%), admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (12.82%), stillbirth (2.56%) and neonatal death (2.56%) were noted in the newborns.

CONCLUSIONVariceal bleeding during pregnancy coincided with unfavourable outcomes. Although endoscopic obliteration of varices is a safe and effective method for antenatal management of varices in women, prenatal obliteration results in less morbidity. On rare occasions, obliterated varices can bleed in subsequent pregnancies. Therefore, preconception evaluation of the state of varices prior to each pregnancy and their ligation are important aspects of counselling. A successful foetomaternal outcome is achievable with multidisciplinary backup in a tertiary care centre.

Adult ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Female ; Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease ; complications ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; complications ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Liver ; blood supply ; Portal Vein ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime (50mg/kg, i.m.) were studied in both healthy and kidney damaged female black Bengal goats. Uranyl nitrate (0.75mg/kg) was administered intravenously, once daily for five consecutive days to induce kidney damage. The pharmacokinetic variables were calculated in both cases. Kidney damage caused several changes in the determined variables. The Cmax and Cmin of cefotaxime observed at 0.50 and 5 h in normal goats were 24.91+/-1.51 and 1.22+/-0.07 microgram/ml, respectively, while the same in kidney damaged goats at 1 and 72 h were 75.00+/-0.45 and 3.10+/-0.09 microgram/ml, respectively. Renal damage condition significantly increased t1/2,ka (0.48+/-0.01 h), t1/2,ke (20.03+/-0.16 h), AUC (2440.10+/-24.26 microgram. h/ml) and significantly decreased Vdarea (0.59+/-0.007L/kg), Vss (0.58+/-0.007 L/kg) and ClB (0.02+/-0.008 L/kg/h) values of cefotaxime compared to normal goats.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/blood/*pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; Cefotaxime/blood/*pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Goat Diseases/chemically induced/*metabolism ; Goats ; Half-Life ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Kidney Failure/chemically induced/*metabolism ; Uranyl Nitrate