AIM: To study the feasibility, security a nd validity of the intrapericardial injection with a trans-diaphragmatic approach in chronic heart failure rats and its value in the study of gene therapy for hea rt diseases, and further investigate whether adeno-associated virual gene transf er of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) gene can improve ven tricular function in chronic heart failure (HF) rats. METHODS: An animal model of heart failure was obtained by creati ng descending aortic constriction in rats. Recombinant adeno-associated virus, c arrying enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene and recombinant adeno-ass ociated virus carrying SERCA2a gene, were respectively injected into pericardium of heart failure rats in different groups (group HF+EGFP and group HF+SERCA2a) by intrapericardial injection with a trans-diaphragmatic approach. After 30 days , hemodynamic parameters were measured and analyzed. Cryosection was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy to examine the expression of green fluorescent protein, and Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of SERCA2a. RESULTS: Green fluorescence was detected in cryosection of the h earts in all rats in group HF+EGFP and the expression of green fluorescent prote in was ubiquitously. The expression of SERCA2a in all rats in group HF+SERCA2a w as more than those in group HF and group HF+EGFP. And overexpression of SERCA2a improved the systolic and diastolic function of heart failure rats significantly and the hemodynamic parameters were similar with those of the controls. CONCLUSION: The intrapericardial injection with a trans-diaphrag matic approach suggests a simple, safe, efficient and cheap technique for the ge ne therapy of chronic heart failure. Gene thransfer of SERCA2a may be a new appr oach for the treatment of chronic heart failure.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ; analysis ; Workplace

A method was proposed for the separation and determination of paraffin waxes in food by HPLC-evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD). A normal-phase column was used to separate nonparaffinic and paraffinic materials without resolving the latter into individual components. The t-test method was adopted for the evaluation of mean difference between response factors of n-alkanes in paraffin waxes on ELSD detector. No mean difference was obtained between response factors, which can be used for quantitative determination of paraffin waxes in food. The determination results obtained by HPLC-ELSD were compared with those by GC-MS. The linear range for the determination of paraffin waxes was in the range from 10 to 500 mg/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9988, and the limit of detection was 1.0 mg/L. With the spiking level of 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg, the recovery ranged from 84.6% to 105.4% and the relative standard deviation ranging from 5.4% to 7.2%. The proposed method is simple, fast and sensitive.

OBJECTIVETo study clinical effects of short-segment fixation and injured vertebra bone grafting through injured pedicle for the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures under MAST Quadrant retractor via a paraspinal muscle approach.

METHODSThe data of 42 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures treated from June 2009 to September 2012 were reviewed. There were 19 males and 23 females, with an average age of (55.2±11.9) years old. The mean injury time was (5.8±4.3) days. Fracture segments included T10 in 3 cases, T11 in 6 cases, T12 in 13 cases, L1 in 9 cases, L2 in 7 cases, and L3 in 4 cases. According to Denis classification, 9 patients were type A, 21 patients were type B, 5 patiens were type C, 5 patients were type D, and 2 patients were type E. All the patients were treated with short-segment pedicle screw-rod system fixation under MAST Quadrant via the paraspinal muscle approach. The operative time, blood loss, complications and the height of vertebra, kyphosis Cobb angle, VAS scores, JOA scores were measured before and after treatment.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the vertebral height and kyphosis Cobb angle were restored. Compared with preoperative results, postoperative vertebral height and kyphosis Cobb angle, VAS scores and JOA scores were all improved. But there was no statistically significance in vertebral height, kyphosis Cobb angle between postoperative at 1 week and 1 year.

CONCLUSIONInternal fixation combined with injured vertebra bone grafting through the injured pedicle for the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures via the paraspinal intermuscular approach under MAST Quadrant is a safe, minimally invasive, effective and satisfactory method.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery

Objective To explore the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress response(ERS) and its related apoptosis on dopaminergic neurons death.Methods NGF treated-PC12 cells were treated with 6-OHDA,MPP+ and rotenone.MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to measure the cell viability and the rate of cells apoptosis induced by those neurotoxins at different concentrations and times.The expressions of ERS-related gene XBP1,Grp78,CHOP,caspase-12 in drug-treated group and reserpine preincubation group were determined by RT-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry.Results After exposing to different concentration toxins,the vitality of PC12 cells was decreased by 52% at 100?mol/L 6-OHDA,by 44% at 75?mol/L MPP~+,and by 40% at 20 nmol/L rotenone for 24 hours respectively and ws decreased in a dose dependent manner. FCM assay confirmed time-dependent cell apoptosis.The apoptotic cells ratio of 24 h groups were (31.22?3.21)%,(27.46?2.35)%,(29.26?2.53)%,respectively(P＜0.01).In 6-OHDA groups,the gene expressions of XBP1,Grp78 were approximately 2-fold increased after 8 h exposure, CHOP reached peak level at 16 h(149.5?3.3% vs 35.9?1.8%,P＜0.01).The transcription level of caspase-12 was significantly higher than normal control at 16h[(95.4?2.8% vs(23.8?3.0)%, P＜0.01],but was alleviated by reserpine prcincubation(62.15?4.3%,P＜0.05).The increased expressions of Grp78 and CHOP after drug exposure were confirmed by immunochemistry stain.The similar results were observed in MPP~+ and rotenone groups.Conclusions The excessive ERS and ERS-activated cell apoptosis pathway may be involved in selective death of dopaminergic neurons.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effects of canal wall-down tympanoplasty(CWdT)on chronic otitis media and evaluate the effects of simultaneous auditory rehabilitation.Methods 13 cases on chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma and/or granulation tissue were treated by CWdT,the effects were contrast with radi- cal mastoidectomy.Results After 6 months to 6 years of follow-up,all the cases by CWdT had dry ear without re- currence.The rate of hearing restoration and improvement was 84.6% from the cases.In same times,the rate of re- currence,hearing restoration and improvement was 52.6%,31.0% from the mastoidectomies.Conclusion The CWdT has advantage in indication,removal of lesions and the operation could be adjusted appropriately for simulta- neously auditory rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have confirmed that in the animal models of articular cartilage defects and osteoarthritis, the chondrocytes can overexpress the matrix metal oproteinases. Various abnormal stimuli are likely to break the balance between matrix metal oproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metal oproteinase, thus leading to degeneration of extracel ular matrix of articular cartilage, as wel as the decline and offset of cartilage chondrocytes. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of cyclic tensile strain on the expression of matrix metal oproteinases during the repairing process of rabbit articular cartilage defects. METHODS: The animal models of articular cartilage defects were established, and chondrocytes were separated for culture at 10 weeks after operation. The chondrocytes on the non-surgical side were considered as the normal group, and the chondrocytes on the surgical side were randomly divided into high cyclic tensile strain group, low cyclic tensile strains group and control group, and the load amplitude was sin10%. Then 0.1, 1.0 and 0 Hz cyclic tensile strains were loaded respectively. The expressions of matrix metal oproteinases 2, 3, 9 and 13 in each group were detected with reverse transcription-PCR at 24, 48 hours, 1, 2 and 4 weeks after loading cyclic tensile strain. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were significant differences in the expressions of matrix metal oproteinases 2, 3, 9 and 13 at 24 hours after loading cyclic tensile strain between the normal group and the control group (P < 0.05); and there were significant differences in the expressions between the high cyclic tensile strain group and the low cyclic tensile strain group at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after loading cyclic tensile strain (P < 0.05).At the same time, the expressions of matrix metal oproteinases 2, 3, 9 and 13 in the low cyclic tensile strain group were continued to decline, and there were significant differences in the expressions after loading cyclic tensile strain for 24 hours and 4 weeks (P < 0.05). The results indicate that mechanical load can affect the expression of matrix metal oproteinases in the healing process of rabbit articular cartilage defects. In the cel ular and molecular level, the incidence and development of pathological articular cartilage defect and stress should affect each other.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of dyslipidemia among residents in Haining City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide into the management of dyslipidemia. Methods: Totally 1 953 residents at ages of 15 to 69 years were recruited using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method in 5 townships (streets) of Hainan City. Subjects' demographic features, smoking status, alcohol consumption, family history of diseases and development of chronic diseases were collected. The height, body weight, waist circumstance and blood pressure were measured, and the fasting blood glucose, serum uric acid and blood lipid levels were determined. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was analyzed and standardized by the 7th population census data. The factors affecting dyslipidemia were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 1 893 valid questionnaires were recovered. The respondents included 949 males (50.13%) and 944 females (49.87%), and had a mean age of (47.90±14.34) years. A total of 513 participants were detected with dyslipidemia, and the prevalence and standardized prevalence of dyslipidemia were 27.10% and 27.01%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipoproteinemia and hypolipoproteinemia was 16.53%, 3.22%, 1.74% and 15.27%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male (OR=1.571, 95%CI: 1.268-1.947), family history of stroke (OR=1.645, 95%CI: 1.192-2.270), hyperuricemia (OR=1.809, 95%CI: 1.370-2.388), central obesity (OR=1.423, 95%CI: 1.066-1.900), obesity (OR=1.736, 95%CI: 1.335-2.257), underweight (OR=0.171, 95%CI: 0.049-0.593) significantly correlated with dyslipidemia. Conclusions The prevalence of dyslipidemia is lower than the national level among residents at ages of 15 to 69 years in Haining City, and hypertriglyceridemia and hypolipoproteinemia are predominant types of dyslipidemia. Male, obesity, family history of stroke and hyperuricemia are risk factors of dyslipidemia.

Objective : To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for human papillomavirus ( HPV ) vaccine hesitancy among female university students based on the precaution adoption process model (PAPM), so as to provide the evidence for improving the coverage of HPV vaccine in this population. Methods : HPV vaccine hesitant female students were selected using a cluster sampling method from Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, and randomly assigned to the PAPM group and control group. Students in the PAPM group received PAPM-based interventions for HPV vaccine hesitancy, while students in the control group were given routine interventions. The HPV-related knowledge, HPV vaccine-related knowledge and HPV vaccine hesitancy scores were collected from both groups prior to interventions ( T0 ), 0 ( T1 ), 1 ( T2 ) and 3 months post-interventions ( T3 ), and the effectiveness of interventions was evaluated using analysis of variance for repeated measures. Results : There were 147 students in the PAPM group and 141 students in the control group. In the PAPM group, 36.73% of the students majored in medical sciences, and 48.23% were freshmen; in the control group, 39.72% majored in medical sciences, and 50.35% were freshmen. The mean scores of HPV- and HPV vaccine-related knowledge were significantly greater in the PAPM group than in the control group, respectively ( T1, 5.29 vs. 4.91; T2, 4.27 vs. 4.22; T3, 4.22 vs. 4.04; P<0.05 ); however, no significant differences were detected in the HPV vaccine hesitancy scores between the two groups, respectively ( T1, 2.98 vs. 2.95; T2, 3.07 vs. 3.07; T3, 3.08 vs. 2.97; P>0.05 ). The mean scores of the confidence dimension ( T1, 3.37 vs. 3.23; T2, 3.48 vs. 3.40; T3, 3.38 vs. 3.25 ) and the dimension of influence by others ( T1, 3.44 vs. 3.33; T2, 3.42 vs. 3.37; T3, 3.46 vs. 3.27 ) were significantly greater in the PAPM group than in the control group (P<0.05), while the mean scores of the complacency dimension were significantly lower in the PAPM group than in the control group ( T1, 1.98 vs. 2.03; T2, 2.06 vs. 2.20; T3, 2.18 vs. 2.15; P<0.05 ). Conclusions PAPM-based interventions for HPV vaccine hesitancy may effectively improve the awareness of HPV and HPV vaccines, reduce complacency, and enhance the influence by others among female university students.

OBJECTIVETo investigate drug resistance status in patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Shandong province.

METHODSA total of 758 patients were separated from the anticoagulatory whole blood during May and October in 2011. The entire protease gene and part of the reverse transcriptase gene were amplified by RT-PCR and nest-PCR in the samples with viral load larger than 1000 copies/ml, then sequenced the gene fragments. Mutation of drug resistant gene and drug susceptibility was analyzed by the online tool HIV db program developed by Stanford University.

RESULTSThe rate of virologic failure in patients was 9.1% (69/758). A total of 53 gene sequences that acquired were used for genotypic resistance analysis. A total of 23 patients were indicated drug resistance with the total of 3.1% (23/742). Drug resistance rates of nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and non-NRTI(NNRTI) were 2.4% (18/742) and 3.0% (22/742), respectively, and the primary mutation types of drug resistance were M184V and Y181C for NRTI and NNRTI, with no resistance to protease inhibitor (PI). In the 23 patients indicated drug resistance, 78.3% (18/23) were NRTI resistance, 95.7% (22/23) were NNRTI resistance and 73.9% (17/23) dual NRTI and NNRTI resistance.

CONCLUSIONThe presence of drug resistant gene in HIV strains among AIDS patients with HAART in Shandong province was at low level, but mutation diversity was found in drug resistant gene.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; virology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Genes, Viral ; Genotype ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Sequence Analysis ; Viral Load ; Young Adult