Using extracorporeal circulation for cardiopulmonary bypass is the first step for the successful cardiac surgery, and the blood pump is the key component in extracorporeal circulation devices, the control and measurement of mechanical-fluid parameters such as flow rate and pressure are very important to guarantee the successful cardiac surgery. This paper reviews several control methods of the blood pump based on the flow rate/pressure, heart rate, ventricular work and blood assist index, and also discusses the direct and indirect measurements of the flow rate and pressure. This review concludes with the main possible trends for the further development of the blood pump control and testing methods.
Equipment Design ; Extracorporeal Circulation ; instrumentation ; Heart-Assist Devices

Objective The interleukin-1β (IL-13) expression in serum of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients was evaluated. To explore the significance of IL-1β in leukostasis and tissue infiltration by leukemic cells. Methods ELISA was used to investigate the contents of IL-1β in serum of 83 newly diagnosed with AML which contains 16 hyperleukocytic AML patients, and compared the IL-1β level between the hyperleukocytic AML group and non-hyperleukocytic AML group, the infiltrated group and non-infiltrated group. Results The content of IL-1β in AML serum [(88.23±36.30) pg/ml] was higher than that of in the control group[(29.56±15.53) pg/ml], with significant difference (P ＜0.01). There was a higher level for IL-1β in hyperleukocytic AML group[(136.67±65.68) pg/ml] than in non-hyperleukocytic AML group [(69.85±48.35) pg/ml],and there was a significant difference. IL-13 and peripheral blood cells were in linear correlation (r=0.74, P ＜0.01). There was a higher level for IL-1β in infiltrated group[(111.31 ±57.35) pg/ml] than in the other group [(79.68±43.42) pg/ml], and there was a significant difference. Conclusion The IL-1β may play an important role in leukostasis and tissue infiltration by leukemic cells in AML.

BACKGROUND :Although the conventional 20 G pars plana vitrectomy can improve the prognosis of vitreous-retina diseases,but it would also cause serious operation related injury and much complications.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the practicability and safety of 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system (TSV25G) in the macular surgery, so as to elicit the preliminary clinical experience of mimimally invasive vitrectomy system.DESIGN:Case analysisSETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force; Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Sino Japen Friendship Hospital; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong; Department of Ophthalmology,Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong PARTICIPANTS: From July 2003 to July 2004, 16 patients with macular diseases were admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology in the General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force and taken as subjects (n=16), they were confirmed as epiretinal membrane in 9 eyes, idiopathic macular hole in 3 eyes, traumatic macular hole in 2 eyes and vitreo-macu lar tractional syndrome in 2 eyes. The course of disease ranged from 3 to 36 months with eyesight varied between 0.06 and 0.4.METHODS: 16 eyes underwent preoperative ophthalmic evaluation in cluding visual acuity measurement, Amsler chart test, slit lamp microscopy,.indirect ophthalmoscopy tonometry and optical coherence tomography (OCT). For the macular hole patients OCT was performed. 25-gauge Transconjunctival Sutureless Vitrectomy System (TSV25G) was used to carry on minimally invasive surgery under anesthesia state, the surgical parameter was set as: high speed cutter with rate of 1500 cuts per minute,BSS bottle was hang at height of 40-50 cm, the maximum aspiration of TSV25G was 550 mm Hg with the intraocular pressure remained at around 29-35 mmHg during the operation. Three-beveled trocar were used to make three-transeonjunctival incision on sclera of about 0.5 mm long respectively in the infratemporal, superotemporal, and supraotemporal quan drants, meanwhile a transconjunctival cannula was placed. One end of the infusion tube was inserted into the infratemporal cannula to establish infusion with the other two cannulas used for the intraocular operation with 25-gauge vitreous cutter and other instruments, such as vitreoectomy and membrane dislocation. The surgery was terminated by removing the cannula except for ceaseless leak, the conjunctival and scleral incision were not sutured. Patients received follow-up examination for 1-12 months postoperatively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①The operative time and the time for the establishment of three access. ② Changes of intraocular pressure after operation. ③ The effusion from the puncture after the intraocular perfor mance. ④ The postoperative vision, operative complication and the sealing of the holes.RESULTS:All of the 16 patients completed the vitrectomy; and entered the data analysis.①16 patients complete the vitrectomy with the operative time of 28-56 minutes (the mean of 37 minutes). The average time for the establishment of three access and closing was 84 s and 32 s respectively.②The average preoperative intraocular pressure was 16.4 mm Hg,comparing with 13.5,15.5,17.9 mm Hg at postoperative 1 day, 1 w and 1 m. ③Water leakage were found in 4 wounds of three patients after operation, 3 wounds were sealed after injecting 1-2 mL disinfected air into the eyes, the other one sutured with 6-0 absorbable suture. ④The mean time of inpatients were 5 days postoperatively. The visual acuity improved in 14 patients by the average of three lines, amongst which visual acuity was found improved to above 0.8 in 5 patients and the visual distortion disappeared in 8 eyes and attenuated in 3 eyes. But still there were 2 cases without improvement.No surgical complications were noted and macular hole gained clinical sealing in totally 5 eyes.CONCLUSION: TSV25G system can simplify the surgical procedure with many other advantages such as decreasing the operation related injury and complications, as well as shortening operative time, which benefits the rapid rehabilitation.

Objective To study the main subtypes messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA) and the basal enzyme activity of phosphodiesterase (PDE) in rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) through the examination mRNA expression and activity of PDE in vitro. The data were offered to reveal the relationship between PDE distributions, activity change and to accumulate data for the possibility of drug regulation of its functional alteration. Methods The cells were cultured with tissue-sticking method;the gene expression of PDEs was detected by reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the activity of PDEs was calculated by cyclic nucleotides content change examined with high performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC) before and after the PDE reaction( n ＝3). Results The PMVECs identified by cell immunofluorescence with polyclonal antibody of CD31 were dissociated and cultured, mRNAs of PDE1A, 1C, 2A,3A, 3B, 4A, 4D, 5A, 7A, 7B, 8A, 8B, 9A, 10A,11A were expressed in PMVECs, but there was no mRNA of PDE1B expressed in PMVECs. cAMP/cGMP-PDE in the extent of 5-20μl had a good linear correlation with its activity. Conclusion There are 17 kinds of PDE gene expression existing in PMVECs which contain of the basic enzyme with a higher activity.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Connexin 43 ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo summarize the complications and the early clinical effect of less invasive stabilization system and the femoral condylar support plates in the treatment of AO type C distal femoral fractures.

METHODSFrom September 2007 to February 2012, 46 patients with AO type C distal femoral fractures were retrospectively studied. Of all patients 25 were treated with less invasive stabilization system including 14 males and 11 females with a mean age of (56.3±4.2) years old; according to AO classification, there were 14 cases of C1, 8 cases of C2 and 3 cases of C3 with a mean hospital stay of (15.6±1.7) days. While 21 cases were treated with femoral condylar support plates fixation including 12 males and 9 females with a mean age of (53.8±5.1) years old;there were 13 cases of C1, 6 cases of C2 and 2 cases of C3 with a mean hospital stay of (17.8±2.2) days. Comparative analysis was performed from the operation related index,postoperative complications and Evanich score of the knee joint function between the two groups at follow-up.

RESULTSAll 46 patients were followed up from 13 to 38 months with a mean time of 19.6 months after surgery. Complications included 1 case with infection,3 cases with internal fixation failure, 1 case with nonunion and 1 case with activity limitation of the affected knee. The differences in the incision length, blood loss, fracture healing time were significant between two groups (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the duration of operations, hospital stays and the incidence of postoperative complications between two groups (P>0.05). The statistical significance was also found in the Evanich score at last follow-up between two groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONPatients with less invasive stabilization system fixation had the characteristics of less trauma, shorter fracture healing time and better functional recovery. Less invasive stabilization system had became one of the ideal internal fixations in the treatment of AO type C distal femoral fractures.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology

Objective To classify the segmental bronchial patterns of the right upper lobe by combining bronchial tree and CT virtual bronchoscopy(CTVE)post-processing techniques from 64-slice spiral CT.Methods Two hundred and four patients with routine thorax scans were enrolled.The segmental bronchi were demonstrated in terms of bronchial tree and CTVE.First,we checked how many patients can be classified with any one of the above post-processing approaches.Then,integrating the two methods,we classified the fight upper segmental bronchial patterns of the 204 patients.At last,the patterns of the right upper bronchus were analyzed.Results bronchial tree post-processing images were stereoscopic and intuitive.It could be used to identify common stem of bifurcation easily,however,it was hard to be used to differentiate short common stem of bifurcation from trifurcation.CTVE demonstrated segmental bronchi from inside of lumen,and can readily show the short common stem of bifurcation and trifurcation of bronchi.Combining two post-processing techniques,the segmental bronchial ramification of the right upper lobe was mainly classified in three types:trifurcation in 76 patients(37.3%),common stem of apical and posterior segmental bronchi in 50 patients(24.5%)and others in 78 patients(38.2%).Conclusion The combination of multiple post-processing of 64-slice CT posses great superiority to classify the pattern of the right upper lobe bronchi.

Referring to the rules for agricultural seed testing (GB /T 3543-1995) issued by China, the test of sampling, seed purity, weight per 1 000 seeds, seed moisture, seed viability and germination rate had been studied for screening seed quality test methods of Pesudostellaria heterophylla. The seed quality from different collection areas was measured. The results showed that at least 6.5 g seeds should be sampled and passed through 10-mesh sieve for purity analysis. The weight of 1 000 seeds was determined by using the 500-seed method. The phenotypic observation and size measurement were used for authenticity testing. The seed moisture was determined under the higher temperature (130 ± 2) degrees C for 5 hours. The seeds were dipped into 0.2% TTC sustaining 1 hour at 40 degrees C, then the viability could be determined. The break dormancy seeds were cultured on sand at 10 degrees C. K cluster analysis was applied for the data analysis, the seed quality from different collection areas grading of P. Heterophylla was described as three grades. The seed quality of each grade should reach following requirements: for first grade seeds, germination rate ≥ 86%, 1 000-grain weight ≥ 2.59 g, purity ≥ 87%, moisture ≤ 13.1%; for second grade seeds, germination rate ≥ 70%, 1 000-grain weight ≥ 2.40 g, purity ≥ 77%, moisture ≤ 14.3%; for third grade seeds, germination rate ≥ 41%, 1 000-grain weight ≥ 2.29 g, purity ≥ 76%, moisture ≤ 15.8%. The seed testing methods for quality items of P. heterophylla had been initially established, as well as the primary P. heterophylla seed quality classification standard.
Caryophyllaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Germination ; Quality Control ; Seeds ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Water ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences in clinical efficacy on peripheral facial paralysis at acute stage between the opposing needling technique and routine acupuncture at the affected side so as to provide the evidence on the acupuncture treatment for peripheral facial paralysis at acute stage.

METHODSForty patients were rando- mized into an opposing needling technique group (19 cases) and an affected side needling technique group (21 cases). The basic medication was same in the two groups. The acupoints were Fengchi (GB 20), Yangbai (GB 14) to Yuyao (EX-HN 4) (penetrating needling method), Jingming (BL 1), Chengqi (ST 1), Xiaguan (ST 7), Jiache (ST 6) to Dicang (ST 4), Hegu (LI 4) and Zusanli (ST 36). In supplementation, in the opposing needling technique group, the acupoints were stimulated on the face of healthy side. In the affected side needling technique group, the acupoints were stimulated on the face of the affected side. The treatment was given three times a week, for 4 weeks. House-Brackmann (H-B) facial nerve function assessment was used to evaluate facial nerve function before and after treatment in the patients of the two groups. The efficacy was compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe facial nerve function was recovered in the two groups and the total effective rate was 100.0% in the two groups (P>0.05). The curative rate was 68.4% (13/19) in the opposing needling technique group and better than 47.6% (10/21) in the affected side needling technique group (P<0.05). On the 7th and 14th day, scores of H-B in the opposing needling technique group were better than those in the affected side needling technique group (both P<0.05). The curative time in the opposing needling technique group was apparently shorter than that in the affected side needling technique group ((23.95 +/- 4.30) days vs. (29.14 +/- 5.43) days, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe opposing needling technique accelerates the recovery of facial nerve function in peripheral facial paralysis at acute stage and apparently shortens the curative time. The efficacy is better than that in acupuncture on the affect- ed side of the face.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Facial Paralysis ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective:To improve the quality and efficiency of pharmaceutical care of clinical pharmacists by standardizing phar-maceutical care process using tracking table design for clinical drug therapy. Methods: The experience and skills of pharmaceutical care performed by clinical pharmacists in endocrinology department were summarized and the tracking table for clinical drug therapy was designed, which could provide information for patients clearly and concisely, and make the process of pharmaceutical care more system-atical. Results:After using the tracking table, clinical pharmacists improved work efficiency significantly. In addition, the average hospitalization, average hospitalization expenses and drug proportion significantly reduced resulting in higher satisfaction of patients. Conclusion:The standardized pharmaceutical care process performed by clinical pharmacists in endocrinology department makes phar-maceutical care more specific, comprehensive and convenient.