Using extracorporeal circulation for cardiopulmonary bypass is the first step for the successful cardiac surgery, and the blood pump is the key component in extracorporeal circulation devices, the control and measurement of mechanical-fluid parameters such as flow rate and pressure are very important to guarantee the successful cardiac surgery. This paper reviews several control methods of the blood pump based on the flow rate/pressure, heart rate, ventricular work and blood assist index, and also discusses the direct and indirect measurements of the flow rate and pressure. This review concludes with the main possible trends for the further development of the blood pump control and testing methods.
Equipment Design ; Extracorporeal Circulation ; instrumentation ; Heart-Assist Devices

Objective The interleukin-1β (IL-13) expression in serum of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients was evaluated. To explore the significance of IL-1β in leukostasis and tissue infiltration by leukemic cells. Methods ELISA was used to investigate the contents of IL-1β in serum of 83 newly diagnosed with AML which contains 16 hyperleukocytic AML patients, and compared the IL-1β level between the hyperleukocytic AML group and non-hyperleukocytic AML group, the infiltrated group and non-infiltrated group. Results The content of IL-1β in AML serum [(88.23±36.30) pg/ml] was higher than that of in the control group[(29.56±15.53) pg/ml], with significant difference (P ＜0.01). There was a higher level for IL-1β in hyperleukocytic AML group[(136.67±65.68) pg/ml] than in non-hyperleukocytic AML group [(69.85±48.35) pg/ml],and there was a significant difference. IL-13 and peripheral blood cells were in linear correlation (r=0.74, P ＜0.01). There was a higher level for IL-1β in infiltrated group[(111.31 ±57.35) pg/ml] than in the other group [(79.68±43.42) pg/ml], and there was a significant difference. Conclusion The IL-1β may play an important role in leukostasis and tissue infiltration by leukemic cells in AML.

BACKGROUND :Although the conventional 20 G pars plana vitrectomy can improve the prognosis of vitreous-retina diseases,but it would also cause serious operation related injury and much complications.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the practicability and safety of 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system (TSV25G) in the macular surgery, so as to elicit the preliminary clinical experience of mimimally invasive vitrectomy system.DESIGN:Case analysisSETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force; Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Sino Japen Friendship Hospital; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong; Department of Ophthalmology,Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong PARTICIPANTS: From July 2003 to July 2004, 16 patients with macular diseases were admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology in the General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force and taken as subjects (n=16), they were confirmed as epiretinal membrane in 9 eyes, idiopathic macular hole in 3 eyes, traumatic macular hole in 2 eyes and vitreo-macu lar tractional syndrome in 2 eyes. The course of disease ranged from 3 to 36 months with eyesight varied between 0.06 and 0.4.METHODS: 16 eyes underwent preoperative ophthalmic evaluation in cluding visual acuity measurement, Amsler chart test, slit lamp microscopy,.indirect ophthalmoscopy tonometry and optical coherence tomography (OCT). For the macular hole patients OCT was performed. 25-gauge Transconjunctival Sutureless Vitrectomy System (TSV25G) was used to carry on minimally invasive surgery under anesthesia state, the surgical parameter was set as: high speed cutter with rate of 1500 cuts per minute,BSS bottle was hang at height of 40-50 cm, the maximum aspiration of TSV25G was 550 mm Hg with the intraocular pressure remained at around 29-35 mmHg during the operation. Three-beveled trocar were used to make three-transeonjunctival incision on sclera of about 0.5 mm long respectively in the infratemporal, superotemporal, and supraotemporal quan drants, meanwhile a transconjunctival cannula was placed. One end of the infusion tube was inserted into the infratemporal cannula to establish infusion with the other two cannulas used for the intraocular operation with 25-gauge vitreous cutter and other instruments, such as vitreoectomy and membrane dislocation. The surgery was terminated by removing the cannula except for ceaseless leak, the conjunctival and scleral incision were not sutured. Patients received follow-up examination for 1-12 months postoperatively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①The operative time and the time for the establishment of three access. ② Changes of intraocular pressure after operation. ③ The effusion from the puncture after the intraocular perfor mance. ④ The postoperative vision, operative complication and the sealing of the holes.RESULTS:All of the 16 patients completed the vitrectomy; and entered the data analysis.①16 patients complete the vitrectomy with the operative time of 28-56 minutes (the mean of 37 minutes). The average time for the establishment of three access and closing was 84 s and 32 s respectively.②The average preoperative intraocular pressure was 16.4 mm Hg,comparing with 13.5,15.5,17.9 mm Hg at postoperative 1 day, 1 w and 1 m. ③Water leakage were found in 4 wounds of three patients after operation, 3 wounds were sealed after injecting 1-2 mL disinfected air into the eyes, the other one sutured with 6-0 absorbable suture. ④The mean time of inpatients were 5 days postoperatively. The visual acuity improved in 14 patients by the average of three lines, amongst which visual acuity was found improved to above 0.8 in 5 patients and the visual distortion disappeared in 8 eyes and attenuated in 3 eyes. But still there were 2 cases without improvement.No surgical complications were noted and macular hole gained clinical sealing in totally 5 eyes.CONCLUSION: TSV25G system can simplify the surgical procedure with many other advantages such as decreasing the operation related injury and complications, as well as shortening operative time, which benefits the rapid rehabilitation.

Objective To study the main subtypes messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA) and the basal enzyme activity of phosphodiesterase (PDE) in rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) through the examination mRNA expression and activity of PDE in vitro. The data were offered to reveal the relationship between PDE distributions, activity change and to accumulate data for the possibility of drug regulation of its functional alteration. Methods The cells were cultured with tissue-sticking method;the gene expression of PDEs was detected by reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the activity of PDEs was calculated by cyclic nucleotides content change examined with high performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC) before and after the PDE reaction( n ＝3). Results The PMVECs identified by cell immunofluorescence with polyclonal antibody of CD31 were dissociated and cultured, mRNAs of PDE1A, 1C, 2A,3A, 3B, 4A, 4D, 5A, 7A, 7B, 8A, 8B, 9A, 10A,11A were expressed in PMVECs, but there was no mRNA of PDE1B expressed in PMVECs. cAMP/cGMP-PDE in the extent of 5-20μl had a good linear correlation with its activity. Conclusion There are 17 kinds of PDE gene expression existing in PMVECs which contain of the basic enzyme with a higher activity.

Objective To classify the segmental bronchial patterns of the right upper lobe by combining bronchial tree and CT virtual bronchoscopy(CTVE)post-processing techniques from 64-slice spiral CT.Methods Two hundred and four patients with routine thorax scans were enrolled.The segmental bronchi were demonstrated in terms of bronchial tree and CTVE.First,we checked how many patients can be classified with any one of the above post-processing approaches.Then,integrating the two methods,we classified the fight upper segmental bronchial patterns of the 204 patients.At last,the patterns of the right upper bronchus were analyzed.Results bronchial tree post-processing images were stereoscopic and intuitive.It could be used to identify common stem of bifurcation easily,however,it was hard to be used to differentiate short common stem of bifurcation from trifurcation.CTVE demonstrated segmental bronchi from inside of lumen,and can readily show the short common stem of bifurcation and trifurcation of bronchi.Combining two post-processing techniques,the segmental bronchial ramification of the right upper lobe was mainly classified in three types:trifurcation in 76 patients(37.3%),common stem of apical and posterior segmental bronchi in 50 patients(24.5%)and others in 78 patients(38.2%).Conclusion The combination of multiple post-processing of 64-slice CT posses great superiority to classify the pattern of the right upper lobe bronchi.

Objective To analyze the CT findings of melamine induced urinary calculi.Methods Nineteen children with a history of ingestion of melamine contaminated infant formula milk were studied, including 12 males and 7 females, age ranged from 50 days to 5 years.Results CT demonstrated renal pelvic and ureteral stones in 13 cases, with urinary obstruction in 9 of them.The size of the stones ranged from 0.3 cm × 0.3 cm to stag-horn calculus.The density of the stones measured from a low of 40-70 HU up to a high of 410 HU with an average density of 160 HU.Conclusion CT scan is an excellent modality in demonstrating urinary tract calculi caused by melamine. It is the method of choice when ultrasound examinations are equivocal.

Objective To compare the changes of some blood indices after treatment of intertro-chanteric fractures with conventional and minimally invasive dynamic hip scres (DHS) internal fixation so as to understand the influence of minimally invasive technique on physiology of the organism. Meth-ods The elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures in our department from July 2004 to May 2006 were divided randomly into two groups, ie, conventional DHS internal fixation group(Conventional group, 52 patients)and the minimally invasive DHS internal fixation group(Minimal invasion group, 54 patients). A comparison was done on data including white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), e-rythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). C reactive protein (CRP) and creatine kinase (CK) as well as re-cessive blood loss. Results The indices including transfusion, blood loss, recessive blood loss, ESR and CK in minimal invasion group showed less changes compared with conventional group. With statistical difference. But WBC and CRP showed no statisfical difference between both groups. Conclusion Minimally invasive DHS internal fvtation carl reduce operative trauma during treatment of intertrochanterie fractures in the elderly.

Objective To detect the transferred vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)165 gene expression in rhesus autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and to explore the functional viability of transgenic MSCs. Methods MSCs from rhesus bone were isolated by Ficoll, which were used to detect the phenotype. After the culturing, the expression vector pcDNA-eGFP-VEGF165 was transfected into bone marrow MSCs. Fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry were used to detect the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression. At the same time, the phenotype in transfected MSCs was also indentified. The VEGF165 expression level was detected by RT-PCR. Results The highly purified MSCs were collected successfully. The transfected MSCs and daughter cells showed expressions of eGFP and VEGF165, which also remained the characteristics of MSCs. Conclusion The VEGF165 gene that is transfected into MSCs can maintain characteristics of MSCs, and stably express foreign genes.

OBJECTIVE:To strengthen the supervision of clinical antibiotics use through establishing electronic consultation system. METHODS:Based on hospital information system(HIS)and antibiotic management system,consultation system for anti-biotics of special use(ASU)was established,and the effects of the system after used(Jan. 2014)were also evaluated. RESULTS:Real-time consultation of ASU medical orders and related consultation results inquiry and statistics could be achieved through de-signing ASU consultation application form,establishing consultation experts and confirming their working content,adding statistics function,etc. The consultation have been finished 8275 times from 2014 to 2015. The inspection rate for pathogenic microbes in ASU patients rose from 78.68% in 2013 to 83.90% in 2015. CONCLUSIONS:The establishment and application of ASU consulta-tion system can improve consultation efficiency and quality,so as to promote rational use of antibiotics in the clinic.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in the floating population in Daxing District from 2002 to 2015 and to provide a specific guidance for the control and preven-tion of measles. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of measles in the floating population in Dax-ing District were analyzed based on the data collected from Diseases Reporting Information System and Ques-tionnaires for measles cases. Results A total of 1 263 measles cases were reported in the floating population in Daxing District from 2002 to 2015, accounting for 73. 09% of all reported cases in that area. Among the 1 263 measles cases, 1 027 cases (81. 31%) were reported from March to June. The top 5 towns with high incidence of measles were Huangcun, Jiugong, Xihongmen, Yizhuang and Yinghai, from which 80. 29% of measles cases were reported. Age distribution of the measles cases showed that 145 cases were children younger than 8 months, 412 cases were children aged 8 months to 14 years old and the rest 706 cases were a-bove 14 years old. And of all cases, only 224 cases had measles vaccine immunization history. Conclusion It is necessary to maintain the high vaccination rate of 3 doses of measles vaccine by multi-approaches and increase the immunization rate in migrant workers. Moreover, strengthen the surveillance for measles is also an effective way for measles control and elimination.