Articular cartilage repair is limited. Current treatments for cartilage defect are less satisfactory, and rarely restore full function or return the tissue to its native normal state. The rise of tissue engineering holds great promise for the generation of functional cartilage tissue substitutes. The history of cartilage tissue engineering and highlights the applications and advantages of various kinds of scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering, such as native scaffolds, synthesis scaffolds, composite scaffolds and nanometer scaffolds had been introduced. But native scaffolds have weak strength and immunogenicity insufficiency, synthesis scaffolds degrade quickly, whose degrading products have cytotoxicity,which need further improvement. The application of superficial decoration overcomes the disadvantage of some scaffolds to an extend. Composite scaffolds possess the advantages of several scaffolds, it points out the direction of future scaffolds research. The development of Nanometer technique endows newly-synthesis scaffolds with nano-grade, thus it has some advantages and give a new way for the development of tissue engineering. At the end, the problems of these scaffolds, their trend of development and perspective studies were discussed.

Ninety nine patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN,n =59) or hemifacial spasm (HFS,n =40) underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) treatment in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2015,and were followed up for more than 1 year.Total 94 patients (94.9％) were cured after the surgery,including 55 TN cases (93.2％) and 39 HFS cases (97.5％).The 1-year follow up showed that total 98 patients (99.0％) were cured,including 58 TN cases (98.3％) and 40 HFS cases (100.0％).Among the HFS cases,1 patient got gentle spasm,1 patient got hearing deficit,1 patient got light facial palsy after the operation,and all recovered completely during the follow-up.Among the TN cases,4 patients got pain attack infrequently after the operation,3 of them recovered during the follow-up,and the symptoms were satisfactorily controlled by taking carbamazepine in rest 1 case.No cases had cerebrospinal fluid leakage or intracerebral infection.The results indicate that MVD is an effective treatment of HFS and TN with less surgical injury or complications.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of urethral realignment for treating early urethral injury under the guidance of ureteroscope,and evaluate its curative effect.Methods Twenty-nine male patients with urethral injury were selected,and 12 patients of posterior urethral injury,17 patients of former urethral injury.All the patients were treated with urethral realignment under the guidance of ureteroscope,postoperative indwelling catheter 3-8 weeks,every 7-16 days changed diameter increase 2 F the catheter 1 time.Results The 29 patients with urethral injury were a indwelling catheter success,all patients were no incontinence after operation 3 months.In the 29 patients,27 patients were urination unobstructed after catheter removal,2 patients were appeared urine line slim after 2 weeks,the 2 patients were normal urination after short urethral expansion.Conclusions The urethral realignment for treating early urethral injury under the guidance of ureteroscope has simple,lower complication,rapid recovery,better effect.The continuous flexible progressive urethral expansion and the strict nursing,which can effectively reduce the occurrence of urethral stricture.

Objective: To provide references for the locating the third ventriculos tomy by measuring normal brain MRI data. Methods: Three hundreds normal brain MRI data were tagged and measured. The relevant reference data about third ventricle fistulization were obtained after statistics processing. Rosults: There were no statistical differences in the ratio of the distance before and after into the skull (BC / AC) in all age groups (P＞0.05). There were statistical differences in parameters of surgical approach-the distance of the middle line beside the incision (L),the depth inside the scalp (H) and the angle between the long axle of endoscope and the center sagittal plane (a) between ≤ 9-year--old and other age groups. The 95 percent confidence interval about parameters of surgical approach was obtained among all age groups. Conclusion: The results provide the reference of surgical treatment for the individual, enjoying the advantage of accuracy location and wide application.

Objective To examine the difficulty and discrimination of academic skill diagnostic test(ASDT).Methods About 1000 primary school students were administered the ASDT,and data were analysed by SPSS11.0 program.Results The difficulty of sub-tests ranged from 0.49～0.78(low edition),0.52～0.86(high edition);while the discrimination of sub-tests ranged from 0.31～0.55(low edition),0.21～0.56(high edition).The coefficients for test-retest and the whole test ranged from 0.36～0.61(low edition),0.39～0.60(high edition).Conclusion ASDT developed in the present study attains acceptable psychometric properties.

Objective To observe the induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) by curcumin (Cur) and its mechanism.Methods After immature DCs from bone marrow cells of Wistar rats were treated with different concentrations of Cur (0,10,20 and 30?mol/L) respectively,and then the DCs were tested by flow cytometry for the surface molecules expression.After the immature DCs were treated by 30?mol/L Cur with or without stimulation of LPS,endocytosis of DCs to dextran was tested by flow cytometry.The production of IL-12 in DC culture supernatant was determined by ELISA.The levels of NF-?B p65 and RelB translocation to the nucleus were investigated by Western- blot.The activity of NF-?B was detected by NF-?B-binding ELISA and luciferase reporter gene analy- sis.The ability of DCs to stimulate the proliferation of T cells from Lewis rats were analyzed by mixed leukocyte reactions (MLR).Results Cur suppressed LPS-indueed cell-surface expression of costimu- latory molecules (CD80,CD86 and CD40) in a dose-dependent manner.When Cur was used at a con- centration of 30?mol/L,there was no marked difference in the surface molecules expression of LPS- inducing DCs as compared with immature DCs.After DCs were induced by LPS (LPS group),the positive rate of FITC-Dextran uptake was (36.6?7.2)%,and the secretory amounts of IL-12 were (415.9?42.7) pg/ml.In DCs of LPS group,the intranuclear RelB and p65 were highly expressed and their DNA binding activity was 0.65?0.08 and 0.74?0.07 respectively.The luciferase activity of reporter gene in LPS group DCs was remarkably increased to 435% as compared with that in the controls.DCs in LPS group showed strong capacity to stimulate T cells proliferation.When DCs were treated with 30?mol/L Cur followed by induction with LPS (Cur+LPS group),the positive rate of Dextran uptake was (78.6?14.2)% and remarkably higher than in LPS group (P

As a novel research tool in the field of the spinal biomechanics, the finite element method (FEM) complements and verifies the traditional research methods, which has been attached increasingly greater importance. In this paper, we briefly introduce the achievement made in the field of spinal biomechanics by FEM in the past decade, summarize the physiological and pathological behaviors of various spinal anatomical parts described by FEM, and present the basic view of using FEM to optimize the surgery instrument design.

The role of bracing for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,which came into application in 1960's,has long been controversial.There are various brace instrument with different reported effectiveness.In this paper,we summarize the research findings and main views in the effectiveness of bracing for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in the past ten years,and explore the possible causes leading to the different results.Besides,we are trying to point out the research trend,in hope of drawing a scientific conclusion on the effectiveness of bracing treatment in the near future.

Aim To evaluate the clinical application of propofol in critical patients with mechanical ventilation.Methods 22 patients with mechanical ventilation after major operation were randomly divided into control group and propofol group patient in the propofol group were continually transfused with propofol by micro pump.Clinical manifestations, blood pressure, heart rate and the concentration of epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) in patients of both groups were observed.Results The patients in propofol group were all in sleeping state, while those in the control group had evidently higher blood pressure, heart rate and the concentration of epinephrine and norepinephrine after wearing of ventilator.There was a significant difference between the two groups (P

In order to explore the method to prepare hypoxia UW solution and the stability and preservation of hypoxia UW solution, UW solution was purged by argon or air for 15 min or 60 at a flow rate of 0.8 or 2 L/min, and the oxygen partial pressure of UW solution was detected. The hypoxia UW solution was exposed to the air or sealed up to preserve by using different methods, and the changes of oxygen partial pressure was tested. The results showed that oxygen partial presure of 50 mL UW solution, purged by argon for 15 min at a flow rate of 2 L/min, was declined from 242+/-6 mmHg to 83+/-10 mmHg. After exposure to the air, oxygen partial pressure of hypoxia UW solution was gradually increased to 160+/-7 mmHg at 48 h. After sealed up by the centrifuge tube and plastic bad filled with argon, oxygen partial pressure of hypoxia UW solution was stable, about 88+/-13 mmHg at 72 h. It was concluded that oxygen of UW solution could be purged by argon efficiently. Sealed up by the centrifuge tube and plastic bag filled with argon, oxygen partial pressure of UW solution could be stabilized.
Adenosine/chemical synthesis ; Allopurinol/chemical synthesis ; Anoxia ; Glutathione/chemical synthesis ; Insulin/chemical synthesis ; Organ Preservation/*methods ; Organ Preservation Solutions/*chemical synthesis ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Partial Pressure ; Raffinose/chemical synthesis