Neonatal diabetes mellitus ( NDM ),which was often misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes in the past,is a heterogenous single-gene genetic disease.Permanent neonatal diabetes( PNDM )is mainly associated with mutation in KCNJ11,ABCC8,and insulin associated gene instead of immunity.The most common manifestation includes diabetic ketoacidosis,intrauterine growth retardation and dehydration.Gene examination contributes to the classification of NDM and corresponding targeted therapy.Oral sulfonylurea may be used in treating patients with gene mutation of ATP-sensitive K+ channel.

Objective To establish the quality standard of Alatan Wuwei Pill. Methods Chebulae Fructus and Granatii Fructus were identified by TLC. Gallic acid and ellagic acid in Gardeniae Fructus and Granatii Fructus were determined by HPLC. Results The TLC spots developed were clear. Gallic acid showed good linear relationship in the range of 0.058 72-1.056 96 mg (r=1.000 0), the average recovery was 99.15%(RSD=1.3%). Ellagic acid showed good linear relationship in the range of 0.079 64-1.194 6 mg (r=1.000 0), the average recovery was 100.02% (RSD=2.3%). Conclusion The method is simple and reproducible. It can be used to control the quality of Alatan Wuwei Pill.

Bilingual teaching is an important part in medical education.The teaching patterns of bilingual teaching in human parasitology for oversea students,seven-year program students and five-year program students were discussed in this paper,and the problems in teaching and corresponding resolutions were also analyzed.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of translabial two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound for female anterior pelvic floor dysfunction,and to discuss the ultrasound appearance of anterior pelvic floor dysfunction.Methods Translabial 2D ultrasound was performed on 63 patients who were diagnosed or suspected with anterior pelvic floor dysfunction using pelvic organ prolapse quantitation system,the position and mobility of bladder neck,the retrovesical angle and urethral rotation were measured during maximum Valsalva maneuver.Different types of anterior pelvic floor dysfunction diseases were diagnosed according to the ultrasound findings.Results Translabial 2D ultrasound diagnose different types of anterior pelvic floor dysfunction diseases based on the position and mobility of bladder neck,retrovesical angle and urethral rotation,including 15 cases bladder neck hypermobility,9 cases funneling of the bladder neck and 37 cases cystocele.Conclusions Translabial 2D ultrasound could provide useful information of anterior pelvic floor and is of great value in the diagnosis of female anterior pelvic floor dysfunction.

Objective To dynamically observe and evaluate the position and movement of pelvic floor organs in vaginal delivery primipara with translabial two-dimensional(2D) ultrasound,and to provide the imaging basis for the effects of pregnancy and vaginal delivery on the pelvic floor support structures.Methods Translabial 2D ultrasound was performed on 52 vaginal delivery postpartum women (postpartum group) and 43 normal women as control group to observe the position and movement of pelvic floor organs at rest,on pelvic muscle contraction and during maximum Valsalva maneuver.Results The location of urethrovesical junction and cervix were significantly lower in postpartum group compared with the control group at three stages.The movement of urethrovesical junction and cervix in vertical direction was greater in postpartum group than control group during maximum Valsalva maneuver,while was smaller on pelvic floor contraction.Conclusions Translabial 2D ultrasound could dynamically observe and evaluate the position and movement of pelvic floor organs.Pregnancy and vaginal delivery produce certain effect on pelvic floor support structures,which manifest as weak,defective and dysfunction.The impact was more obvious in anterior and middle compartments.

Objective To explore the application of the ultrasonic cardiac output monitor(USCOM) in the children with pneumonia complicated with heart failure.Methods Fourteen children with pneumonia complicated with heart failure were enrolled in the experimental group and thirty-two children with common pneumonia were enrolled in the control group.We used the USCOM to measure the cardiac output indicators,including the aortic peak velocity,heart rate,stroke volume index,cardiac index,ejection time and correcting ejection time.Results The heart rate in the experimental group was faster than that of control group[(174 ±10) beats/min vs (133 ± 14) beats/min,P ＜0.05],the aortic peak velocity in the experimental group was lower than that of control group [(1.246 ±0.234) m/s vs (1.449 ±0.300) m/s,P ＜0.05],the stroke volume index in the experimental group was lower than that of control group [(29.357 ± 6.500) ml/m2 vs (40.188 ±5.337) ml/m2,P ＜0.05],and the correcting ejection time in the experimental group was shorter than that of control group [(342.560 ± 8.219) ms vs (354.430 ± 16.500) ms,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion The cardiac function monitoring by USCOM is accurate and convenient,and USCOM can provide the accurate evidence for the clinical application.

Objective To assess the value of tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI) for prenatal analysis of the relative orientation of fetal heart and great arteries. Methods Volume datasets acquired from 12 patients of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and 13 normal fetal heart were evaluated offline with TUI. The aortic valves (AV) and pulmonary valves (PV) were respectively showed on the two parallel slices. According to the pivot point in the middle of the PV in one slice, the relative orientation of the AV on another slices were analyzed. Results In the 12 patients of TGA confirmed postnatally, 7 were concomitant with single ventricle anomaly, AV was on the anterior-right orientation of the PV in 5, and was relatively on the anterior and anterior-left orientation in other 2 of them.In the remained 5 with seeming normal 4 chamber view, AV was found on the anterior-right of the PV in 3, and was relatively on the anterior and upright orientation.in other 2 patients. In 13 normal fetuses, TUI showed that all AV located on the posterior-right orientation to the PV. Conclusion TUI can provide detailed spatial information of the great arteries both in normal and abnormal fetal heart. It may be a convenient and veracious tool for prenatal exploring the morphology of the great arteries.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of RXRγ and RARβ on the growth of human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901 treated by RXR agonist(9-cis-RA). Methods:The human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901 was treated with 9-cis-RA, and then the morphological changes were observed by H-E staining. The cell growth was detected by MTT assay. The apoptosis and the cell cycle progression were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expressions of RXRγ and RARβ were detected by immunocytochemistry staining and western-blot assay. Results: HE stain showed that the SGC7901 cells were sparser with the increasing concentration of 9-cis-RA. The growth of SGC7901 cell was inhibited by 9-cis-RA at the concentration of 20 μmol/L in time and dose depended manner. The apoptotic rate of the tumor cells increased after 72 hours at the concentration of 20 μmol/L 9-cis-RA and the tumor cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase. Immunocytochemistry and Western-blot assay showed that the expressions of RXRγ and RARβ increased after 72 hours, compared with those of negative control group. Conclusion: RXR agonist 9-cis-RA can inhibit the growth of SGC7901 cells via inducing cell apoptosis through upgrading the expressions of RXRγ and RARβ.

Objective To investigate the pelvic floor in cystocele patients using translabial ultrasound,and discuss the ultrasound appearance.Methods Translabial 2D ultrasound was performed on 136 patients who were diagnosed or suspected as anterior vaginal wall prolapse or cystocele using pelvic organ prolapse quantitation system,the position of bladder,the retrovesical angle and urethral rotation were measured during maximum Valsalva maneuver.Cystocele subtypes were diagnosed according to the ultrasound findings.Results Translabial 2D ultrasound diagnosed 88 cases cystocele based on the position of bladder,retrovesical angle and urethral rotation,including ten cases cystocele type Ⅰ,32 cases type Ⅱ and the remaining 46 classified as type Ⅲ.Conclusions Translabial 2D ultrasound successfully acquired the ultrasonic characteristics of cystocele subtypes,which could provide imaging evidence for clinic diagnosis of this disease.

Objective To assess the contractility of levator ani muscle in postpartum female using pelvic floor three-dimensional ultrasound and to provide an effective imaging basis for the change of levator ani muscle contractility in postpartum female.Methods Totally 75 postpartum women (55 underwent spontaneous vaginal delivery and 20 underwent selective cesarean delivery) and 40 nulliparas were examined by pelvic floor three-dimensional ultrasound.The images were obtained at rest and at maximal levator ani muscle contraction.The sagittal hiatal length (L) on the two-dimensional sagittal images,the area of levator hiatus (A) and the circumference of levator hiatus (C) were measured on the three-dimensional images,and the difference value between rest and contraction were calculated to get the △L,△A,△C.Then the △L,△A,△C between different groups were compared.Results The △L,△A,△C in spontaneous vaginal delivery group and selective cesarean delivery group were smaller than those in nulliparas group (P ＜0.05),and there was no statistical difference between spontaneous vaginal delivery and selective cesarean delivery group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Three-dimensional ultrasound can effectively assess the the contractility of levator ani muscle,the levator ani muscle contractility of postpartum female was poorer than nulliparas,and between spontaneous vaginal delivery and selective cesarean delivery women there is no obvious difference.