The concentration of precursors for the production of taxol with Fusarium mairei K178 was optimized by response surface methodology.Firstly,Plackett-Burman design was undertaken to evaluate the effects of eight factors.With statistic regression analysis,the significant factors affecting taxol production were determined as follows: phenylalanine,sodium acetate and sodium benzoate.Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the three critical internal factors mentioned above,and the optimum concentration levels and the relationships among these factors was found out.By quadratic regression model equation with Design-Expert statistic methods,the optimal concentration of the variables were determined as: phenylalanine 2.8mg/L,sodium acetate 3.3g/L,sodium benzoate 31.8mg/L.Under such conditions,the taxol production was increased to 242.6?g/L,which was 15.6% higher than the maximum value in the single factor tests.The experiment values under the optimal conditions agreed with the predicted values,which indicated that the model was proper and effective.

AIM:To investigate the relationship between the expression of adducin 3 (ADD3) and its splicing isoforms and colorectal cancer (CRC).METHODS:The expression of ADD3, ADD3-Ia and ADD3-Ib in 50 pair of CRC tissues , 20 pairs of colorectal polyp tissues , and 2 CRC cell lines SW480 and SW620 before and after oxaliplatin or fluoroura-cil intervention were detected by real-time PCR.The cell activity was determined by MTT assay , the cell migration ability was evaluated by wound-healing assay , and the cell invasion ability was measured by Transwell assay .RESULTS:The expres-sion levels of ADD3 and ADD3-Ib were decreased in the CRC tissues as compared with the normal mucous (P<0.01), and ADD3-Ia/Ib ratio was increased in the CRC tissues (P<0.01).The expression level of ADD3-Ia was higher in T3-4 group than that in T1-2 group (P<0.05).Reduced expression of ADD3, ADD3-Ia and ADD3-Ib in colorectal polyps was observed compared with the normal tissues (P<0.01).Compared with the SW480 cells, the expression levels of ADD3-Ia and ADD3-Ib were lower (P<0.05) and the ADD3-Ia/Ib ratio was higher (P <0.01) in the SW620 cells.After treated with oxalipla-tin or fluorouracil, the cell activity, migration and invasion in the SW620 and SW480 cells were weakened accompanied by the increases in the expression levels of ADD 3, ADD3-Ia and ADD3-Ib to various certain extents .CONCLUSION:In CRC there is a tendency that ADD3-Ib reduction leads to ADD3 decrease, accompanied by an increased ADD3-Ia/Ib ratio.The expression changes of ADD 3 and its splicing isoforms in the CRC may be relevant to its invasion ability .

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),creatine kinase (CK),glutamate pyruvate transaminase (AST),and cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase (CSF LDH) in adult patients with acute central nervous system infection.Methods The levels of myocardial enzymes (AST,LDH,and CK) in serum of 96 adult patients with acute intracranial infection in 7days and 39 healthy people were measured by Beckman automatic biochemical analyzer and enzyme rate assay,and CSF LDH level in 96 patients were measured simultaneously.Results (1) The serum myocardial enzymes (LDH,CK,and AST) of intracranial infection group (47 cases with viral encephalitis,30 cases with tuberculous meningitis,and 19 cases with purulent encephalitis) were significantly higher than those of normal control group (P ＜0.01).(2)The myocardial enzymes (LDH,and AST ) of patients with cerebral functional disorder were significantly higher than those of patients with normal cerebral function (P ＜0.05).(3)The levels of serum AST,LDH,and CK in the virus encephalitis group,serum AST and LDH in the purulent encephalitis group,and serum LDH in the tuberculous meningitis group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.01).The CSF LDH level in the viral meningitis group was prominently lower than that in the tuberculous encephalitis group and purulent encephalitis group,respectively (P ＜0.01).(4) No correlations were found between CSF LDH and serum myocardial enzymes (P ＞0.05).Conclusions (1)There is significant change in the levels of serum LDH,CK,AST,and CSF LDH of adult patients with acute intracranial infection,especially in infected patients with cerebral functional disorder,and the change of LDH is the most obvious.(2)The levels of serum myocardial enzymes and CSF LDH are helpful to the differential diagnosis of intracranial infection in early stage,and judging the severity of the illness.

OBJECTIVEOver the last few decades, diabetic cardiomyopathy has been identified as a significant contributor in cardiac morbidity. However, the mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy have not been clarified.

METHODSIn the present study, a diabetic rat model was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The myocardial CD147 expression and extent of glycosylation, as well as thematrixmetalloproteinases(MMPs) expression and activity, were observed in the diabetic and synchronous rats.

RESULTSThe results showed that CD147 located on sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes. The myocardial CD147 expression and glycosylation were significantly increased in the diabetic rats as compared with the control. Expression of MMP-2 protein, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity were also increased in left ventricular myocardium in the diabetic rats. Tamoxifen only inhibited the enhanced expression of myocardial CD147 in the diabetic rats, but not in synchronous control rats. Tamoxifen inhibited glycosylation of myocardial CD147 in both diabetic and control rats. The inhibition of tamoxifen on CD147 glycosylation was stronger than on the expression in the myocardium. The extent of myocardial CD147glycosylation was positively related toMMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Tamoxifen induced an inhibition of myocardial MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in the control and diabetic rats.

CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that myocardial CD147 expression, especially the extent of glycosylation, regulates MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, then accelerates cardiac pathological remodeling inducing diabetic cardiomyopathy. Tamoxifen inhibits myocardial CD147 glycosylation and further depress the activity of MMPs. Therefore, tamoxifen may protect the diabetic rats against diabetic myocardium.

Animals ; Basigin ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies ; drug therapy ; Glycosylation ; Heart ; drug effects ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; Rats ; Sarcolemma ; metabolism ; Tamoxifen ; pharmacology

In this paper, based on the special influence of supramolecular chemistry on the basic theory of Chinese medicines ( CM) , the authors further analyzed the history of meridian tropism and natural origins of CM organisms and explained CM ingredients and the universal regularity of the automatic action of the supramolecular "imprinting templates" hole channel structure. After entering human bodies, CMs, as the aggregation of supramolecular "imprinting templates" , automatically seek supramolecular subjects that are matched with their "imprinting templates" in human meridians and organs for the purpose of self-recognition, self-organization, self-assembly and self-replication, so as to generate specific efficacy in meridians and organs, which is reflected as the meridian tropism phenomena at macro level. This regularity can be studied by in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. In vitro methods are mostly supra molecular structure analysis and kinetic and thermodynamic parameter calculation; Whereas in vivo methods are dominated by the analysis on object component distribution, chromatopharmacodynamic parameters and network chromatopharmacodynamic parameters; Particularly, the acupoint-medicine method can simplify to study the supramolecular subject-object relations. Consequently, CM's'meridian tropism reveals the universal regularity for interactions of macromolecular and micromolecular "imprinting templates" of subjects and objects in natural organisms. As the first barrier for the material base of the CM theory and breakthrough in the modernization of the basic CM theory, meridian tropism plays an important role in studies on basic theories of the basic CM theory.
Acupuncture Points ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meridians

Cyclops of zooplankton propagates prolifically in eutrophic waterbody and it cannot be exterminated by conventional disinfection process. The mutagenicity of Mesocyclops leukarti and its extermination with oxidants in a drinking waterworks in China were studied. Among five oxidants for use in bench-scale, chlorine dioxide is the most effective and the potassium permanganate is the weakest against Mesocyclops leukarti under the same conditions. Full-scale results showed that Mesocyclops leukarti could be effectively removed from water by 1.0 mg/L chlorine dioxide preoxidation combined with conventional removal physical process. After filtration, chlorite, a by-product of prechlorine dioxide, is stable at 0.45 mg/L, which is lower than the critical value of the USEPA. GC-MS examination and Ames test further showed that the quantity of organic substance and the mutagenicity in water treated by chlorine dioxide preoxidation are obviously less than those of prechlorination.
Copepoda ; drug effects ; physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Filtration ; methods ; Oxidants ; toxicity ; Survival Rate ; Water Pollutants ; isolation & purification ; Water Pollution ; prevention & control ; Water Purification ; methods

Nanopore technique is a low-cost, ultrafast method for single-molecule level analysis without labels. Nanopore technique was first proposed more than 20 years ago and exhibited an excellent potential in DNA sequencing. So far, the commercial development of nanopore strand-sequencing as a portable device has been realized. Meanwhile, a remarkable number of studies have demonstrated that nanopore represents versatile single-molecule sensors for a wide range of molecule. Therefore, in this article we mainly review the use of nanopore technique based on the interface interactions between biological pore and the analytes such as protein/peptide to obtain kinetic and thermodynamic information at single-molecule level. And a large number of biological molecules and metal ions are quantitatively detected by nanopore analysis, allowing its development for the future biotechnologies and medicine applications. Besides, electrochemical detection system is crucial to nanopore technique. Therefore, we focus on advancements in relative software and ultralow current instrumentations with high-bandwidth.

BACKGROUND: Yaotu Granules have been proved to protect human nucleus pulposus cells and delay their degeneration. Notably, Yaotu Granules for lumbar disc herniation has achieved good clinical results.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the herbal compound formula Yaotu Granules on the Fas/FasL expression in a rabbit model of lumbar disc degeneration, and further elucidate the underling mechanism of preventing and treating lumbar disc degeneration.METHODS: Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were enrolled and the models of lumbar disc degeneration were established by minimally invasive puncture and rotation cutting, followed by randomized into normal saline, low-, middle-,and high-dose groups (n=5 per group). 10 mL of normal saline, 10, 20, and 40 mL of water decoction of Yaotu Granules were administered intragastrically into the normal saline, low-, middle-, and high-dose drug groups for 21 days, twice daily, respectively. Subsequently, the expression level of Fas/FasL in the rabbit nucleus pulposus cells in each group was detected.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The signal intensity of the rabbit lumbar disc on MRI was decreased, and ruptured annulus and posterior herniated disc were visible at 12 weeks after modeling. Masson staining showed that the nucleus pulposus cells arranged in disorder, and even ruptured. Additionally, safranin O staining found that the number of nucleus pulposus cells was decreased obviously. The order of the relative expression levels of Fas and FasL mRNA in the nucleus pulposus cells was as follows: normal saline group > low-dose drug group > middle-dose drug group > high-dose drug group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that Yaotu Granules delay the rabbit lumbar disc degeneration by downregulating the expression level of Fas/FasL.

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy and safety of PEG-interferon alpha-2a (PEG-IFNalpha-2a) treatment on lamivudine (LAM)-resistant chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

METHODSEighty-one patients with lamivudine-resistant HBeAg (+) chronic hepatitis B patients were enrolled and divided into PEG-IFNalpha-2a treatment group (40 cases) and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) control group (41 cases). Two groups were combined with LAM in the first 12 weeks(w). The ALT normalization rate, the HBV DNA and HBeAg negative rate, and the HBeAg seroconversion rate were observed in 12 W, 24 W, 48 W.

RESULTSThe ALT normalization rate in 12 W, 24 W of PEG-IFNalpha-2a group was 62.5% and 80.0%. And it was higher than that of ADV group. The HBeAg negative rate and HBeAg seroconversion rate in 48 W of PEG-IFNalpha-2a group were 60% and 57.5% , which were higher than that of ADV group. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPEG-IFNalpha-2a treatment of lamivudine-resistant HBeAg (+) chronic hepatitis B is superior to ADV, and its security is well.

Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; drug effects ; genetics ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Interferons ; immunology ; pharmacology ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Organophosphonates ; therapeutic use ; Polyethylene Glycols ; therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins ; Treatment Outcome ; Watchful Waiting

To elucidate the compatibility principle of Yupingfeng powder, a cocktail probe substrates approaches were developed. The enzymatic activity of cytochrome P450 from rat liver microsome was evaluated after being interfered with 7 prescriptions of Yupingfeng powder, which was designed according to the decomposed recipes design of traditional Chinese medicine. In vitro test, rat liver microsome incubation system was utilized to detect the 50% inhibitory concentrations of Yupingfeng powder with the decomposed recipes to cytochrome P450 (CYP1A2, CYP2A6 ,CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4) enzyme. The CYPs IC50 value of Yupingfeng powder with different compatibility were greater than crude drug 1.0 g x L(-1), which indicated that all Yupingfeng powder prescriptions had no significant inhibitory activity to cytochrome P450. For CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, the IC50 value of Yupingfeng powder with the decomposed recipes had a tendency to increase, compared with the major impact factor from Yupingfeng powder. For CYPs, the detected IC50 of Yupingfeng powder with the decomposed recipes tended to decrease, compared with the linearly predicted value. From the point of view of the impact of drugs on the metabolic activity, the compatibility of Yupingfeng powder has certain advantages and reasonable.
Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Materials Testing ; Microsomes, Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Powders ; Rats