OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the status quo and the tendency of utilization of antihypertensives in our hospital. METHODS: The consumptions of antihypertensives from 2001 to 2004 were analyzed statistically with Microsoft Excel 2000. RESULTS: The use of antihypertensives assumed an increased tendency, of which, about 90% were included in the catalog of the Drugs of National Basic Hospitalization Insurance. Calcium antagonists, diuretics, ACEI and ?-receptor blocking agents were the basic clinical drugs. Usage of angiotensin;angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocking agents increased to a large degree year by year. CONCLUSION: The utilization structure of antihypertensives in our hospital is basically reasonable. Developing compound antihypertensive that of excellent quality and reasonable price is of great significance in the management of hypertension and its complications.

When insonated with fundamental frequency, the ultrasound contrast microbubbles are able to produce nonlinear scattering and generate nonlinear frequencies. The nonlinear properties of these microbubbles can be used to create nonlinear imaging modality and significantly improve the diagnostic capability of medical ultrasound. This paper was a review about the current research progress of nonlinear properties of ultrasound contrast microbubbles and nonlinear imaging, especially about the nonlinear properties under different frequency, acoustic pressure and the application of nonlinear imaging. A prospect of the future research and application was finally put forward in the paper.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between nutritional status and body fluid distribution in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Methods: Sixty-six CAPD patients without edema were recruited in this study. Patients’ fluid status was measured by bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and nutritional status was assessed by subjective global assessment (SGA). Thirty-six age-matched healthy people served as controls. Results: As compared to the healthy control, CAPD patients had significant abnormal fluid distribution in the body with significantly decreased intracellular water (ICW) and little change in extracellular water (ECW). Malnutrition further aggregated the changes in body fluid distribution. Conclusion: Body fluid distribution is abnormal in CAPD patients and may be affected by patients’ nutritional status. The ratio of ICW/ECW can not be correctly used to evaluate hydration state when the patient is malnourished. Key word: intracellular water (ICW); extracellular water (ECW); bioimpedance analysis (BIA); malnutrition

ObjectiveTo introduce a new procedure of penile lengthening which yields satisfactory outcomes and avoids persistent postoperative hydrophallus with the results of fresh body researches.MethodsIndirect intralymphatic injection and routine H-E staining were used to investigate the ramification of lymphatics of penis on fresh bodies.We found that the lymphatic return of penis was primarily mediated by dorsal and bilateral superficial lymph vessels,which converged dorsally at the root of penis and then ramified into the superior region of pubic symphysis and bilateral inguinal grooves.However,most previous incisions were done at the converging region of lymph vessels at the dorsal root of penis.It blocked most lymphatic return.Our modified method avoided interruption of lymph vessels in the converging region.Based on the results of the above investigations,the operative incision at the root of penis was shifted upward by 1.5 cm,and then the lengthened cavernous body of penis was covered by scrotal flap.ResultsEighty patients who accepted the new method achieved satisfactory outcomes.Postoperative hydrophallous decreased gradually from the 3rd day and vanished basically on the 6-7 day.ConclusionsOur modified procedure of penile lengthening reduces the damage of these vessels.Consequently,postoperative hydrophallus resolves fast and the new procedure yields high success rates,sound appearance and sensation of penis.Therefore,the new procedure is an ideal option for surgenons in clinical practice.

Diarrhoea is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries,it accounts for a large part of global disease burden every year.Water and sanitation are closely associated with the morbidity of diarrhea.The recent researches were reviewed in this paper,and the effect of drinking water,sanitation and hygienic knowledge on diarrhea was discussed.The incidence rate of diarrhea was likely to decrease as water supply and sanitation were improved.

Objective To systematically review the efficacy of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (A-tDCS) for relieving aphasia among stroke survivors.Methods The Chinese BioMedical Literature database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang database,Chinese Scientific Journals full-text database,PubMed,Embase,MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library for clinical randomized and controlled trials were searched for reports about the use of A-tDCS in the treatment of aphasia after stroke.The resulting reports were retrieved manually and evaluated by two independent reviewers according to pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria.The reports covered the period to November 2016.A meta-analysis was then conducted using RevMan software version 5.3.Results Seven studies covering 101 patients were selected for analysis.Meta-analysis showed that the average aphasia function score improved after A-tDCS significantly more than in the control group.Picture naming ability in stroke survivors with aphasia showed particular improvement.Only 11 patients in the 7 studies presented light adverse effects from AtDCS,always within the patients' tolerance range.Conclusion A-tDCS can significantly improve the speech of patients with aphasia after cerebral infarction.It is safe and easy to administer and is a rehabilitation technology worth popularizing and applying.Considering the limited number of articles,the conclusion remains to be further verified with randomized clinical trials of higher quality and a larger sample.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of budesonide combined with salbutamol in the treatment of children with bronchial asthma,and its influence on oxidative stress and serum interleukin-2 (IL-2),soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2r) levels.Methods 70 children with bronchial asthma were divided into observation group and control group according to the different treatment,35 cases in each group.The observation group was inhaled budesonide combined with salbutamol,the control group was given salbutamol inhalation therapy.The clinical efficacy of the two groups was observed,and the changes of serum oxidative stress factor,IL-2 and sIL-2r levels before and after treatment in the two groups were compared.Results In the observation group,20 cases were cured,7 cases were markedly effective,effective in 5 cases,the total effective rate was 94.3％.In the control group,17 cases were cured,6 cases were markedly effective,effective in 4 cases,the total effective rate was 77.1％.The total effective rate between the two groups had statistically significant difference (x2 =26.543,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the malondialdehyde (MDA),end products (AOPP) of the observation group were (16.26 ± 1.76)U/L,(42.123 ± 5.745) μmol/L,respectively,which were lower than those of the control group [(22.16 ± 2.84) U/L,(63.63 ± 6.22) μ mol/L,t =23.354,25.348,all P ＜ 0.05].The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX),superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the observation group were (236.46 ± 32.25) ng/L,(19.643 ± 3.587) ng/L,respectively,which were higher than those of the control group [(197.43 ± 18.42) ng/L,(18.244 ± 2.446) ng/L,t =18.943,15.123,all P ＜O.05].The IL-2,sIL-2r levels of the observation group were (5.28 ± 2.65) μg/L,(30.376 ± 2.147) mg/L,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the control group [(9.84 ± 3.22) μg/L,(37.564 ± 1.323)mg/L],the differences were statistically significant (t =21.378,24.643,all P ＜ O.05).Conclusion Inhaled budesonide combined with salbutamol in the treatment of children with bronchial asthma is helpful to control the symptoms of asthma,and can inhibit oxidative stress,reduce serum sIL-2r and IL-2 levels,it is worthy of promotion.

Objective To investigate the level of uncertainty in illness, anxiety and depression for mothers with premature infants in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU), and to analyze the correlation between them. Methods Totally 100 mothers with premature infants hospitalized in NICU were into the experiment group. They were investigated with the General Information Questionnaire, the Parent,s Perception Uncertainty Scale-Family (PPUS-FM), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS). Results The total score of uncertainty in illness was (82.840±29.132) points;the total score of anxiety was (43.360±13.033) points;the total score of depression was (60.740±16.847) points. The total score of uncertainty in illness, unclear, complexity, lack of information and unpredictability were positively correlated with the total score of anxiety and depression (r=0.186-0.399, P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions Mothers with premature infants hospitalized in NICU show a high level of uncertainty in illness, anxiety and depression, and they are interacted with each other. Therefore, in addition to nursing preterm infants, nursing staff should attach importance to their mothers′ psychological needs, help them reduce the uncertainty in illness so as to relieve the anxiety, depression and promote their health in body and mind.

OBJECTIVE:To domminate the quality of Xinning capsule,the contents of Puerarin in Xinning capsule was determined by HPLC.METHOD:Puerarin was separated on Spherisorb C18 column and detected at 250nm,by using methanol-water-phosphoric acid (280∶720∶0.15)as mobile phase.RESULTS:The resolution was greater than 1. The number of theoretical plates calculaled for Puerarin peak was 8310;The standard curve was linear over the range of 0.2～2μg with the correllation coefficient 0.9999.The average recovery was 99.4% with RSD=2.47%(n=7).CONCLUSION:The method is simple and fast,and can be used for quantitative analysis of Xinning capsule.

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on LPS-induced TLR4 expression in rat alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells. Methods The primarily cultured alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells isolated from male rats were randomly assigned to one of 5 groups: group Ⅰ cells were incubated for 3 h without any additive (control) ; group Ⅱ cells were incubated with LPS 1 μg/ml for 3 h (LPS) ; group Ⅲ , Ⅳ , Ⅴ cells were incubated with LPS 1 μg/ml + propofol 25, 50 and 100 μmol/L respectively for 3 b (P1-3). TLR4 mRNA and TLR4 protein expression was detected by real time PCR and Western blot. TNF-α release amount was measured using ELISA. Results LPS significantly' increased TLR4 mRNA and protein expression in alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells as well as TNF-α release amount. Propefol at 50 and 100 μmol/L significantly inhibited LPS-imluced increase in TLR4 mRNA and protein expression and TNF-α release amount. Conclusion Propofol can dose-dependently inhibit LPS-induced inflammation in alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial ceils, through down-regnlation of TLR4 gene and protein expression.