Objective To observe the characteristic injuries on motor-cyclists for the forensic indentifi-cation in cases of traffic accident. Methods Investigate retrospectively the injuries of motor-cyclists and passengers in 408 traffic accident cases occurred during 2000 to 2002 in Beijing area. Results There were characteristic injuries at motor-cyclist's abdomen, perineum, inner side of thighs, chest, face, neck, front of tibia. They reflect contours of certain components of motor-cycle, but the injuries of passengers can not reflect the components of motor-cycle. Conclusion The characteristic injuries caused by certain components of motor-cycle might be useful for differential diagnosis the motor-cyclists and the passengers in cases of traffic accident.

@@

Objective To discuss the appropriate timing of providing enteral nutrition through nasojejunal tube for patients with severe craniocerebral injury.Methods 126 cases of patients were divided into 3 groups randomly,providing enteral nutrition through naso-jejunal tube for the first group,the second group and the third group within 12～24 hours,48 hours later and 72 hours later after injury respectively.The nutrition situation of 3 groups was recorded 6 hours later,48 hours later,on the 5th day and the 10th day,including indicators such as total serum protein,blood albumin,serum creatinine,etc and complication cases of diarrhea,hemorrhage of digestive tract,palirrhea,aspiration,inhalation pneumonia and so on within 2 weeks after injury.Results In terms of indicators of albumin,creatinine 48 hours after injury and total protein,albumin and creatinine on the 5th day and 10th day,the first group were better than the second and third group,there were statistic differences between the three groups.Complication comparison within 2 weeks after injury:the difference of palirrhea cases among the three groups was significant,the third group had a higher ratio than the first and second group.And there was no statistic difference in the other indicators like diarrhea,hemorrhage of digestive tract,aspiration and inhalation pneumonia.Conclusions It is high time that patients with simple severe craniocerebral injury are provided with enteral nutrition through naso-jejunal tube within 12 to 24 hours,which can improve patients nutrition situation without the increase of the complications.

Objective To study the application of census method in estimating the size of population of commercial sex workers(CSW),and estimatie the size of population in CSW in a city.Methods Drawing the map of the place which applied sex service,collect the number of CSW which the manager of place report.Sample 20% place of total,check the amount of all CSW,then adjust the sum of managers reported according the number of investigator checked and the number of manager reported to estimating the size of population in CSW in the city.Results The result of census in estimating the CSW in the city was 18 702.Conclusions It is simple and direct to estimate the size of population in CSW by applying the census method.The result is reliable,but the method need the investigators know very well the palce applied sex service in the area.

Objective To study the application of Capture-Recapture method in estimating the size of population of injecting drug users (IDUs), and estimate the size of population in IDUs in a city using the data of detoxification center. Methods Capture-Recapture method was applied to estimating the size of population in IDUs in the city based on the data of detoxification center. Results The result of Capture-Recapture in estimating the IDUs in the city was 13 017. Conclusions It is economic and feasible to estimate the size of population in IDUs by applying the Capture-Recapture method. The result is reliable and the method is suitable in districts where health resources are limited.

AIM: To study the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. METHODS: Rat pulmonary micro-vascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were cultured by lung tissue block pasted methods, and identified immunocytochemically using Ⅷ factor-related antigen. The cells were treated with different doses TNF-α (prepared in serum-free medium) for 4 h. Subcellular localization and levels of Nrf2 in PMVECs were observed with immunocytochemical methods. Nuclear extract were obtained to assayed transcriptional activity of Nrf2 with EMSA. Total RNA were isolated to assay the mRNA expression of Nrf2 by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The protein level of Nrf2 in the nuclei and transcriptional activity increased dose-dependently in PMVECs after treated with TNF-α at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 μg/L. However, the protein level of Nrf2 in nuclei and transcriptional activity decreased dose-dependently in PMVECs after treated with TNF-α at concentrations of 20 or 40 μg/L. No different mRNA expression of Nrf2 in PMVECs treated with TNF-α at all concentration above was observed. CONCLUSION: Transcriptional activity of Nrf2 increases in PMVECs treated with low or moderate doses of TNF-α and decreases in PMVECs treated with high doses of TNF-α.

BACKGROUND:On the basis of thorough debridement, homochronous anterior or staging posterior fixation has been a standard scheme for spinal tuberculosis. Numerous studies confirmed that above approach has obtained good effects, but the anterior approach has some disadvantages, such as complex anatomic structure, great trauma, relatively more complications, and difficult operation and fixator implantation. OBJECTIVE:To observe spinal stabilization and deformity correction in patients with single-segment thoracic/lumbar spinal tuberculosis after posterior debridement and interbody fusion. METHODS:Clinical data of 36 patients with single-segment thoracic/lumbar spinal tuberculosis undergoing one-stage posterior debridement and interbody fusion in the Guangxi Yulin Orthopedics Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2008 to January 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 2 cases in single T11/12 segment, 4 in T12/L1 segments, 6 in L3/4 segments, 22 in L4/5segments and 2 in L5/S1 segments. Of them, 24 patients suffered from different degrees of spinal nerve injury. At 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery, al patients were folowed up. Bone graft fusion, kyphosis correction, functional recovery of the spinal cord and complications were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al patients were folowed up for 24-38 months. Cobb angle of kyphosis and spinal stenosis rate were significantly improved at 2 years after treatment (P < 0.05). The lumbar back pain symptoms were significantly improved in final folow-up (P < 0.05), with an intervertebral fusion rate of 100%. No lesion residue and recurrence, correction loss, fixation loosening or displacement was found. These results demonstrated that in patients with single-segment thoracic/lumbar spinal tuberculosis, posterior debridement and interbody fusion can effectively reconstruct spinal stabilization, correct deformity, and promote the functional recovery of spinal nerves.

Objective To analyze the detection rates,species distribution and drug-resistance of urinary fungal infection in elderly patients at Beijing Hospital from 2011 to 2013,in order to provide the basis for the reasonable clinical use of anti-epiphyte medicines.Methods Totally 263 patients with an average of 79.6 years old were collected from Beijing Hospital.The urine from freshly voided midstream or bladder puncture was collected under aseptic condition for fungal culture,then the strains of epiphytes were identified by using API 20C AUX.The drug sensitivity was tested with ATB fungus3.Results 263 strains of epiphytes were isolated from the 2 983 urine samples,of which 92 were C.tropicalis,85 were C.glabrata,77 were Candida albican,and 9 were other fungus candida.The rates of drug resistance to fluconazole were 14.1 ％ (13 strains),37.6 ％ (32 strains) and 15.6％ (12 strains),and to itraconazole were 16.3％(15 strains),35.3％(30 strains) and 9.1％(7 strains),respectively.All of the 263 strains were not found to have drug resistance to amphotericin.Conclusions The isolation rate of urinary fungal infections is 8.8％ in Beijing Hospital.The majority of the tested fungal are C.glabrata,C.tropicalis and Candida albican,the former has higher resistance rate to azoles,and the two latter have better sensitivity to azole,and all of them have the sensitivity to amphotericin.

Objective To Study wheather the endogenous arginine vasopressin(AVP)is involved in the effect of oxotremorine(a muscarinic receptor agonist)-induced hypothermic response.Methods Core temperature and motor activity were monitored in undisturbed rats using radiotelemetry.Effect of AVP V1 antagonist on oxotremorine(OXO)-induced changes in body temperature and motor activity were observed in the rats.Results Administration of OXO led to a marked hypothermia.Core temperature recovered to basal levels at 4 hours after OXO administration.AVP V1 antagonist blocked markedly the hypothermia effect of OXO.Conclusion The AVP V1-receptor antagonist block the hypothermic effect of OXO,which suggests that OXO-induced hypothermia is mediated by AVP releasing.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and risk factors of invasive fungal infections (IFI) in children with acute leukemia.Methods Ninety-six acute leukemia children complicated with IFI admitted in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center during January 2005 and February 2017 were retrospectively reviewed, and 96 cases of acute leukemia without IFI admitted at the same period were randomly selected as control group.The clinical manifestations of IFI were analyzed, multivariate Logistic regression was used to study risk factors of the complication of IFI in pediatric acute leukemia.Results Among 96 children complicated with IFI, fungus were detected in samples from sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, or blood in 78 cases, in which 42 cases (43.75％) were oral infection, 36 cases (37.50％) were pulmonary infection.Candida albicans (33.33％, 26/78) was the most commonly isolated pathogen, followed by Candida parapsilosis (20.51％, 16/78) and Candida tropicalis (20.51％, 16/78).Univariate analysis revealed hormone-containing chemotherapy, neutropenia (＜ 0.5 × 109/L), time duration of neutropenia ≥ 10 days, usage of carbapenem antibiotics and combined drug administration ≥2 types were associated with fungal infection (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression showed that the time duration of neutropenia ≥ 10 days (OR =11.390, 95％ CI 4.145-55.263, P ＜ 0.01),usage of carbapenem antibiotics (OR =4.825, 95％ CI 1.681-13.842, P ＜ 0.01) and hormone-containing chemotherapy (OR =2.220, 95％ CI 1.542-8.246, P ＜ 0.05) were the independent risk factors of IFI.Conclusion Rational usage of antibiotics and effective measures taken to restore the granulocytes can help to reduce the incidence of IFI in children with acute leukemia.