Stroke is a rare but serious complication during pregnancy and puerperium. The main risk factors for pregnancy-related ischemic stroke are the same as those of the general female population, including hypertension, valvular heart disease, hypercoagulability, sickle cell anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic kidney disease, and migraine. This article reviews the pregnancy-specific risk factors for pregnancy-related ischemic stroke, including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, cesarean section, acceptance of assisted reproductive technology, and peripartum cardiomyopathy.

The cascade release of cytokine the critical aggravation factor for acute pancreatitis,induces the multi-ple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and death at last. Nuclear factor-kappa B as a number of regulation of the nuclear factor can specific bind with a variety of gene promoter sites κB site, which cause inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, pathophysiologic reaction. The specific inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B can inhibit the activity of nu-clear factor-kappaB, inhibit the body's inflammatory response, and improve the prognosis of acute pancreatitis; it may be a potential target site for acute pancreatitis therapy. However, the other researches also found that inhibition of nuclear facter-κB could significantly increase the aggravation of acute pancreatitis. Accordingly, nuclear factor-kappa B research possess the important rank about the body's inflammatory respanse.

China has high prevalence of gastric cancer, with the morbidity and mortality leading the list of malignancy. The conditions of diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer in China fail to meet the need of a large number of patients because of restriction in re-gional development. Therefore, we are facing a very serious situation of fighting against gastric cancer. Multidiscipline, individualiza-tion, and standardization are the development tendency of diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Numerous topics about gastric cancer are currently controversial and solutions to these problems depend on the development of evidence-based medicine. This re-view summarized the recent progress in the clinical methods used for stomach cancer, laparoscopic surgical techniques, diagnosis and treatment of early gastric cancer, conversion therapy of advanced gastric cancer, therapeutic strategy of esophageal-gastric junction cancer, enhanced recovery after surgery, and translational research and clinical trials of gastric cancer. Moreover, the foci and prob-lems of the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer were discussed to provide reference for further studies.

Animals ; Toxins, Biological ; chemistry ; physiology

Tae formation,development and rupture of intracranial aneurysms result from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors.The genetic mode may be nonclassical Mendelian inheritance for most patients with intracranial aneurysms.Studies have shown that COL3A1 and COLI A2 genes of the coded main extracellular matrix proteins in the arterial walls are closely associated with intracranial aneurysms.

Objective: To establish and identify androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell line LNCap by culturing LNCaP cells with gradual deprivation of hormone. Methods: LNCaP cells were cultured in the medium with gradual deprivation of hormone (treated by active carbon to simulate androgen deprivation) for 10 days; and then the cells were cultured with complete deprivation of androgen for 3 months till the cell entered the rapid proliferation phase again. The cell growth and expression of PSA and androgen were examined by CCK-8, immunfluorescence and RT-PCR methods. Results: LNCaP cells grew slowly after deprivation of hormone and took on a neuroendocrine phenotype and cluster growth pattern. After 3 months' non-androgen culture,the cells regained original morphology and growth. CCK-8 indicated that LNCaP cells could grow in non-androgen condition; immunofluorescence assay indicated that LNCaP-AI cells could regain PSA-secreting activity in non-androgen condition; and RT-PCR suggested that androgen was highly expressed in LNCaP-AI cells. Conclusion: Androgen-independent LNCaP cell line can be established by culturing with gradual deprivation of hormone for 3 months.

Objective: To observe the initial effectiveness of retrograde urethrotomy with a cold knife combined with the lucency via antegrade flexible cystoscopy in treatment of patients with obliterative urethral stricture. Methods: From September 2007 to April 2010, 8 patients with obliterative urethral stricture (0.8-2.0 cm in length) underwent antegrade-retrograde via flexible cystoscopy endoscopic urethrotomy with a cold knife: the initial effectiveness was observed. Results: All the 8 patients were successfully treated with antegrade-retrograde via flexible cystoscopy endoscopic urethrotomy with a cold knife. The operation time ranged 15-30 min, with a mean of 21 min. Urethral catheter (20-22F) was maintained for 4-6 weeks, and all the patients had passable urinary tract, with no urinary incompetence. The 8 patients were followed for 6-24 months (with a mean of 18 months). Three patients had no stricture recurrence and needed no further treatment. Four patients needed further intermittent urethral dilations(6-16 procedures, mean 12 procedures) to keep normal urination. One patient received a second endoscopic urethrotomy due to recurrent stricture 3 months after first treatment. Conclusion: The antegrade-retrograde urethrotomy via flexible cystoscopy with a cold knife can improve the successful rate of endoscopic surgery, with shorter operation time and satisfactory short-term outcome, but the long-term outcome needs to be further observed.

To study the effects of Qinggan Huoxue Recipe (QGHXR), the compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, and its separated recipes on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA and serum TNF-alpha content in rats with alcoholic liver injury (ALI).

With the increasing incidence and prevalence of male sexual dysfunction, andrologists are more and more in need of accurate and efficient tools to assess therapeutic efficacy and patients' satisfaction and to help patients achieve satisfactory treatment results. This article summarizes some of the most commonly used questionnaires for the diagnosis and assessment of the treatment of male sexual dysfunction, including International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Erection Hardness Score (EHS), Quality of Erection Questionnaire (QEQ), Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS), Treatment Satisfaction Scale (TSS), Self-Esteem and Relationship (SEAR), Premature Ejaculation Profile (PEP), Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), Index of Premature Ejaculation (IPE), Arabic Index of Premature Ejaculation (AIPE), Aging Male Symptoms Scale (AMS), Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male (ADAM), and Symptomatic Inventory for Screening Late-Onset Hypogonadism in Males (SILOH), and presents an overview on their clinical application.
Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia is extremely complicated.In vitro models have better controllability.They have important significance for the study of the pathogenesis.This article reviews the commonly used In vitro models and provides references for the future study of the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia.