Affected by many factors such as environment and lifestyle change , prostate cancer has become common malignancy in older men . The introduction and widespread adoption of PSA has revolutionized the way prostate cancer is diagnosed and treated .However , the use of PSA has also led to over-diagnosis and overtreatment of prostate cancer resulting in controversy about its use for screening .PSA also has limited predictive accuracy for predicting outcomes after treatment and for making clinical decisions about adjuvant and salvage therapies .Hence, there is an urgent need for novel biomarkers to supplement PSA for detection and management of prostate cancer .In this review, we discuss the traditional and new relevant molecular markers of early diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer for clinical diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer providing a reference .

Liver cancer has a high morbidity and mortality in China.With new technologies and diagnostic instruments being developed,it is a common goal for researchers to discover some new diagnostic biomarkers of high sensitivity and specificity on liver cancer.The clinical laboratory is responsible to choose and understand the diagnosis value of these laboratory indicators and variation in the liver cancer progress.Then,these new biomarkers in screening for early malignancy,aiding cancer diagnosis,determining prognosis can be used effectively in the clinical laboratory to improve laboratory diagnostic capacity in order to serve the clinic more effectively and better.

Objective To study the concentration of adhesion-related cytokines,transforming growth factor (TGF) β1,platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) BB,b-fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in intrauterine fluid and their roles in the intrauterine-adhesion reformation.Methods From August 2009 to February 2010,18 patients with moderate or severe intrauterine adhesions underwent transcervical resection of intrauterine adhesion as study group,in the mean time,20 patients with incomplete septate uterus underwent transcervical resection of septum as control group.The charge of each patient's intrauterine fluid was collected at the time of 3,6,9,12,24,48 and 72 hours,respectively,then the concentration of the three cytokines was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The concentration of the expression of TGF-β1 in the intrauterine fluid at 3,6,9,12 hours after operation in study group was (3.6±0.9),(10.4±1.1),(7.6±1.2),(7.2±1.3) ng/ml,respectively; PDGF-BB was(2.6±0.6),(3.5 ±0.5),(5.4±1.0),(5.7 ±0.8) ng/ml,respectively; bFGF was(16.9±1.3),(95.8±17.8),(330.9 ± 70.5),(1303.3 ± 117.4) ng/ml,respectively.The expression of TGF-β1 in control group was (3.0 ± 0.6),(7.5 ± 0.6),(5.4 ± 0.6),(4.6 ± 0.8) ng/ml,respectively ; PDGF-BB was (2.5 ± 0.4),(2.6±0.5),(4.7±0.6),(4.4±0.4) ng/ml,respectively; bFGF was (19.1 ±2.4),(82.9±21.8),(249.0 ±54.2),(775.6 ± 178.8) ng/ml,respectively.The concentration of TGF-β1,PDGF-BB and bFGF reached the peak during the time of 3-24 hours,6-48 hours,6-72 hours after surgery,respectively.The concentration of TGF-β1,PDGF-BB and bFGF in study group were significantly higher than that in control group (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Concentration of TGF-β1,PDGF-BB and bFGF was positively associated with area of transcervical resection of intrauterine adhesion,those cytokines might be involved in reformatin of intrauterine-adhesion.

The incidence of prostate cancer ( PCa ) is rising steadily among males in many countries.Serum prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) is widely applied in clinical diagnosis and screening of PCa.However, the grey area of PSA levels has a low specificity in PCa screening and may lead to a high rate of negative biopsy and overtreatment.The PCA3 gene is strongly and specifically overexpressed in PCa cells and malignant prostate tissue.The gene has been identified as a molecular biomarker for PCa detecting.The diagnostic significance of PCA3, however, is awaiting further researches.In this review, the progress of molecular biological characteristics of PCA3,and its applications in diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer were discussed.

Objective To explore the morbidity, risk factors and nursing of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in comprehensive ICU. Methods It was a retrospective survey. 98 mechanical ventilation (＞ 48 h) patients from Jan to Dec, 2009 in comprehensive ICU were reviewed using questionnaires to collect the clinical data. They were divided into the VAP and the non-VAP group. Several statistically significant risk factors were screened out with univarite analysis, then independent risk factors were determined with multiple Logistic regression. Results The morbidity of VAP was 35.7%. Univariate analysis showed that the level of APACHE Ⅱ score, duration of mechanical ventilation, whether primary lung disease, whether acid-suppressing agents, whether the semi-supine, whether accidental tube removal, oral care approach, whether attracted to subglottic were statistically significant risk factors of VAP. While multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of mechanical ventilation, whether the semi- supine,whether attracted to subglottic were the major risk factors of VAP. Conclusions The occurrence of VAP is related with multiple factors. Application of comprehensive prevention strategies in accordance with these risk factors of VAP can reduce the morbidity of VAP effectively.

Objective:To observe the effects of toadpoison and arsenic on the ultrastructure of dental pulp,Methods :Dental pulp of 36 teeth in 3 dogs was exposed by operation and then direct dressing with toadpoison paste or arsenic paste was performed. 1,2,6 and 24 hours after operation ,the pulps were processed and examinedunder a trasmission electron microscope (JEM-2000EX). Results:In toadpoison treated group ,the deformityof the basernembrane of pulp nerve ,swelling of metochondrion,degeneration of nerve axite were observed 1 h after dressing,and were more obvious in 2, 6 and 24 h. Damage of capillary and pulp cells were alsoobserved.In arsenic treated group ,swelling and break of capillaries ,deformity and degeneration of mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum in endoepithelial cells were observed,and were more obvious following time lasting. Damages of pulp nerve and pulp cells were also observed. Conclusion:Toadpoison and arsenic are toxic to pulp tissues. But the angiotoxicity of arsenic is stronger than that of toadpoison,the neurotoxicity and protoplasmic toxicity of toadpoison are stronger than those of arsenic.

0.05). 3. The morbidity of clinical and histological chorioamnionitis in ambroxol group (5.6% and 58.3%, respectively)was significantly lower than that in dexamethasone group (27.5% and 82.5%,respectively, P

Objective To design and apply ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention checklist in ICU.Methods The ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention checklist was designed by referring to guidelines and related literature.The checklist was applied to ventilator-dependent patients.The head of nursing group evaluated prevention status of ventilator-associated pneumonia performed by nurses every day.Results After application of the checklist,the average indwelling time of tracheal catheter and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia decreased among ICU patients.Conclusion Using the ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention checklist in quality management in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia can shorten the average indwelling time of tracheal catheter,and reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia,and the checklist can be promoted and applied.

Objective To investigate changes and the significance of Th17/Treg immune imbalance in secondary systemic infection in patients with severeacute pancreatitis.Methods We selected 21 patients with severe acute pancreatitis and secondary systemic infection (infection group),25 patients with severe alone (non-infection group),20 healthy cases undergoing annual health checkup (control group) in this study.The expression levels of Th17/Treg cells and related cytokines were compared between groups.Results There were significant differences in mortality rate and duration of ICU stay between infection group and non-infection group [23.8％ vs.4.0％,(11.3±3.4) d vs.(7.5±2.8) d,x2=3.949,t=2.890,P=0.047 and0.045].The percentages of Th17 cell andTreg cell,Th17/Treg ratio,mRNA expressions of IL-6,IL-17,IL-23,TGF-β and orphan receptor γt were higher in infection and non infection groups than in control group [(26.4 ± 1.2) ％,(12.8 ± 0.9)％ vs.(3.1±0.8) ％;(6.7±1.6)％,(4.2±1.3)％ vs.(1.3±0.4)％;(4.3±1.0)％,(3.2±1.1)％ vs.(2.4±0.9)％;(7.1±0.8)ng/L,(5.3±0.7)ng/L vs.(0.2±0.1)ng/L;(22.9±2.4)ng/L,(15.6±2.8)ng/L vs.(10.3± 1.5)ng/L;(15.7±2.1)ng/L,(10.2± 1.5)ng/L vs.(8.3± 1.4)ng/L;(23.6±2.2)ng/L,(16.3±1.7)ng/L vs.(11.6±1.1)ng/L;(0.052±0.014),(0.035± 0.010) vs.(0.004±0.001);F=15.761,55.745,9.437,102.788,21.038,16.239,36.957,23.924,respectively,P=0.555,0.000,0.014,0.000,0.002,0.004,0.000,0.000].The mRNA expressions of IL-10 and Foxp3-T were lower in infection and non-infection groups than in control group [(6.4±1.1)ng/L,(10.5 ± 2.1) ng/L vs.(15.4±2.0)ng/L;(0.005±0.001),(0.020±0.007) vs.(0.032±0.009),F=18.995 and 20.608,P=0.003 and 0.002].Conclusions The secondary infection can aggravate the Th17 / Treg immune imbalance in patients with severe acute pancreatitis,and extend the ICU hospitalization days.

Objective To observe the influence of pulse pressure on renal injury in patients with essential hypertension (EH).Methods Two hundred and twenty-nine patients with mild-to-moderate EH completed 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.The patients were divided into 2 groups according to 24 h mean pulse pressure (MPP):EH 1 (24 h MPP ≥ 60 mmHg,1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) group (128 cases) and EH2 (24 h MPP ＜ 60 mmHg) group (101 cases).According to 24 h urine microalbumin and biochemical determination of renal function,the influence of pulse pressure on kidney function was observed and compared.Results The 24 h mean systolic blood pressure (MSBP) and 24 h MPP in EH1 group were significantly higher than those in EH2 group [(156.20 ±6.11) mmHg vs.(143.67 ±5.46) mmHg,(69.09 ±5.87) mmHg vs.(51.15 ±7.15) mmHg] (P ＜0.01),the 24 h mean diastolic blood pressure (MDBP) in EH2 group was significantly higher than that in EH1 group [(92.52 ±5.93) mmHg vs.(87.11 ± 5.52) mmHg](P＜ 0.01).The 24 h urine microalbumin in EH1 group was significantly higher than that in EH2 group [(104.80 ± 24.25) mg vs.(91.29 ± 24.03) mg] (P ＜ 0.01).There was positive correlation between 24 h MPP,24 h MSBP and 24 h urine microalbumin (r =0.259,0.201,P ＜ 0.01),and there was negative correlation between 24 h MDBP and 24 h urine microalbumin (r =-0.180,P＜ 0.01).Conclusion The 24 h MPP is closely related with the renal injury which is caused by high blood pressure in patients with EH.