Objective To investigate the correlations between the occurrence of carotid artery atherosclerosis and chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) and cytomegalovirus (CMV).Methods Carotid color ultrasonography showed that the patients with intima-media thickness (IMT) ＞ 1.5 mm were enrolled and were used as a carotid atherosclerosis group,and the healthy subjects (IMT ＜ 1.0 mm) were used as a control group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the antibody levels and positive rates of the serum anti-Cpn and anti-CMV IgG.The demography,vascular risk factors,anti-Cpn and anti-CMV IgG antibody positive rates of the carotid atherosclerosis group and the control group were compared.Results A total of 92 patients of the carotid atherosclerosis group were enrolled,including 30 patients with stable plaque and 62 with unstable plaque; a total of 49 healthy subjects of the control group were enrolled.There were no significant differences in the proportions of age,male,hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,and smoking patients between the carotid atherosclerosis group and the control group (all P ＞0.05).The anti-Cpn IgG (69.5％ vs.26.5％ ; x2 =23.887,P ＜ 0.001),anti-CMV IgG positive rate (75.0％ vs.30.6％ ; x2 =26.156,P ＜ 0.001),and anti-Cpn IgG + anti-CMV positive rate (51.2％ vs.10.2％ ;x2 =24.006,P ＜0.001) of the carotid atherosclerosis group were significantly higher than those of the control group.In the atherosclerosis group,there were no significant difference in the proportions of age,male,hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,and smoking patients between the unstable plaque subgroup and the stable plaque subgroup (all P＞ 0.05).The anti-Cpn IgG (80.6％ vs.46.7％; x2=11.025,P=0.001),anti-CMV IgG positive rate (83.9％ vs.56.7％;x2 =7.980,P=0.005) and anti-Cpn IgG + anti-CMV positive IgG rate (44.6％ vs.7.6％ ; x2 =10.210,P =0.006) of the unstable plaque subgroup were significantly higher than those of stable plaque subgroup.Conelusions The occurrence of carotid atherosclerosis and the stability of plaque are associated with the Cpn and CMV infection.The Cpn and CMV infection may be the important factors for the occurrence of carotid atherosclerosis plaques and unstable plaques.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of small intestinal bacteria overgrowth (SIBO)in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). Methods Ninety patients with cirrhosis and 20 healthy volunteers were studied. All of them were assessed with glucose hydrogen breath test (GHBT) to detect SIBO. And number connection test (NCT-A, NCT-BC) and digit symbol test (DST) were used to diagnose MHE. Results One case (5.0%) out of 20 healthy volunteers was SIBO and none was MHE,and 28 cases (31.1%) out of 90 cirrhosis patients were SIBO and 38 cases (42.2%) were MHE. Twenty-one (55.3%,21/38) cases were diagnosed as SIBO among these patients with MHE,and 7 cases (13.5%,7/52)were diagnosed as SIBO among these patients without MHE. There was significant difference between cirrhosis with MHE and cirrhosis without MHE (x2 = 17.90,P＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions Patients with cirrhosis have a higher prevalence of SIBO. The incidence rate of SIBO in cirrhosis patients with MHE is more than that without MHE.

Antigens, Neoplasm ; immunology ; Cancer Vaccines ; therapeutic use ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; Liver Neoplasms ; therapy

Identification of the histotype of the Wilms' tumor(WT) before operation, application of normative staging rules for WT and individualized combined therapy schedule are the main studying contents of WT' s diagnosis and therapy. Present article will review the overseas and domestic advancements of WT' s diagnosis and therapy, and provide some references for domestic doctors.

Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Animals ; Atherosclerosis ; prevention & control ; Biflavonoids ; pharmacology ; Catechin ; pharmacology ; Grape Seed Extract ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Proanthocyanidins ; pharmacology

Objective To optimize the extraction process of Euphorbia hirta L.by Central composite design/response surface methodology with ethanol by the ultrasonic extraction technology.Methods Based on the single factor experiment and central composite design-response surface methodology,the content of quercitroside was regarded as evaluation index,select ethanol concentration,extraction time,and solid-liquid ratio as three evaluation factors to achieve the purpose. Results The results indicated that the optimal extraction process was obtained as follows:10 times the amount of 60% ethanol under ultrasound for 2 times,50 min each;the average content of the quercitroside was 2.39 mg/g.Conclusion The method to optimize the extraction process is simple and reasonable.

BACKGROUND: Dysfunction of vascular endothelium is the initial event of atherosclerosis. Although there are many approaches to evaluate the function of vascular endothelium, few are widely used in clinic. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the brachial and superficial femoral endothelium-dependent dilation, i.e. flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and endothelium-independent dilation, i.e. nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD), of elderly patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), and to investigate the correlation and characteristics between brachial and superficial femoral FMD and NMD.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Non-randomized concurrent control trial was performed at Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital from October 2000 to May 2002.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-three PAD patients were selected as PAD group, including 27 male and 6 female, aged (79±6)years, who had more than one focus of plaque and arterial stenosis more than 50% in artery of lower extremity by Doppler ultrasound. Accorded with the standard for Health of China Academy of Geriatrics in 1995, 40 healthy retired cadres undergoing health examination were selected as control, including 29 male and 11 female. In addition, 30 patients with coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease or cardiovascular risk factors (excluding age and sex) were selected as risk factor group.METHODS: Using non-invasive approach, high resolution color Doppler ultrasound diagnosis system was applied to detect the basic caliber of upper and lower extremtity arteries in all participants, then the blood flow of the tested artery was blocked and the vascular caliber was detected again after the blood flow was restored to evaluate the endothelium-dependent dilation. The tested subjects took 0.6 mg nitroglycerin to induce vasodilatation after detecting the basic caliber of upper and lower extremtity arteries, then the difference between the two detections was regarded as the endothelium-independent dilation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The endothelium-dependent dilation and endothelium-independent dilation of upper and lower extremtity arteries.RESULTS: Both FMD and NMD of the brachial artery and the superficial femoral artery in 33 PAD patients were significantly lower than those of healthy controls and non-PAD patients with cardiovascular risk factors (t=-11.82-10.91, P <0.05). In old PAD patients, the superficial femoral FMD and NMD were significantly lower than brachial FMD (t=3.535,3.315, P < 0.01); There was close relationship between the brachial and superficial femoral FMD (r=0.931 4, P < 0.01), so was the NMD (r=0.919 1, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: The superficial femoral FMD and NMD may reflect the vasoreactivity of PAD patients more directly and sensitively than those of brachial artery. There is close relationship between brachial and superficial femoral arteries.

Objective:To investigate the effect of fresh food homogenate instead of traditional liquid and semiliquid diet on the condition of nutrition and aspiration in the early stage of pulling out the na-sogastric tube in patients with moderate dysphagia.Methods:Forty patients with tube feeding were randomly divided into observation group and control group.Each group had 20 cases.After extubation,the observation group ate fresh food homogenate,and the control group were feeding liquid and semi liquid diet.The actual calories intake,protein,carbohydrate,lipid and dietary fiber were recorded on the first day and the fifteenth day of intervention.The values of serum albumin,prealbumin,hemoglobin and total lymphocyte count were measured.The rate of aspiration and constipation was observed continuously during the study.Results:After 2 weeks of intervention,the daily energy and nutrient intake,nutritional biochemical indexes of observation group were higher than those of control group (P ＜ 0.05),and the incidence of aspiration and constipation was decreased in observation group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Compared with the conventional liquid and semi liquid diet,fresh food homogenate can increase the intake of daily calorie and nutrition in patients with moderate dysphagia in the early stage after the feeding tube was pulled out,improve nutritional status,reduce the aspiration and constipation,and be well tolerated.

Being fundamental preparation for the research of cochlear implants, study of tinnitus's mechanism and establishment of the animal model, the spontaneous discharge of single unit of auditory nerve primary fibers in normal cat was observed and analyzed. They include: Ⅰ, How to identify the spontaneous discharge potential in auditory nerve primary firbers. Ⅱ, The waveform of the spontaneous discharge potential in auditory never, Ⅲ, The discharge rate of spontaneous discharge in auditory nerve primary fibers. Ⅳ, The temporal feature of the spontaneous discharge. Ⅴ, The origin of the spontaneous discharge.