In this paper, the newly isolated tannins were sorted after a review of the literature concerning tannins in recent 10 years, and their research progress was summarized in terms of extraction, isolation, pharmacological activity and metabolism. Hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins are the main structural types. Modern research shows that tannins have many pharmacological effects, such as bacteriostasis, antioxidation, antitumor, antivirus and blood glucose reduction, and have broad development prospects. They are usually extracted by water, ethanol and acetone and isolated and purified by macroporous resin and gel column chromatography. The packings commonly adopted for the column chromatography mainly included Sephadex LH-20, Diaion HP-20, MCI-gel CHP-20 and Toyopearl HW-40. Modern analytical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR), fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry(FAB-MS) and circular dichroism(CD) are generally used for the structural identification of tannins. Howe-ver, their isolation, purification and structural identification are still challenging. It is necessary to use a variety of high-throughput screening methods to explore their pharmacological activities and to explore the material basis responsible for their functions through experiments in vivo.
China ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Proanthocyanidins ; Tannins

Several 19alpha-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoids and hydrolysable tannins have beneficial effects on human health. Rubus crataegifolius (Rosaceae) has the cleft simple leaf whereas R. parvifolius has pinnate compound leaves. This research was aimed to find the variation in the contents of the triterpenoids and tannins between the infected versus uninfected leaves of R. coreanus and R. parvifolius and between young versus mature leaves. Triterpenoids and tannins were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC. Six triterpenoids including tormentic acid, euscaphic acid, 23-hydroxytormentic acid, coreanoside F1, kaji-ichigoside F1 and niga-ichigoside F1 were used for standard compounds. Gallotannins and ellagitannins were quantitatively evaluated using the indicatives of methyl gallate and ellagic acid. The infected leaves of R. crataegifolius contained higher levels of triterpenoids and tannin than the uninfected leaves; however, lower quantity of total tannin was observed in the mature leaves than in the young leaves. Although the pinnate compound leaves of R. parvifolius exhibited similar tendency of those compositional variation with R. crataegifolius each other, its contents of triterpenoids do not considerably vary. Variation of the contents of triterpenoids and tannins were particularly distinct in R. crataegifolius by growth and infection.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Ellagic Acid ; Humans ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; Rosaceae ; Tannins*

To study the molecule recognition capability of corilagin-molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized by using corilagin as the template. Chromatographic performance of corilagin was investigated in different mobile phases. The MIP was investigated for the recognition of corilagin and its derivatives and other compounds in the same mobile phase. The MIP exhibited very high affinity for corilagin in the mobile phase of acetonitrile. The K' value will be reduced when the content of polar solvent increased in the mobile phase. The MIP has good selectivity in the mobile phase of acetonitrile-methanol (95:5), but it has no affinity for corilagin's derivatives. The corilagin-MIP has good selectivity for corilagin and it can be used in extracting corilagin and its analogs from herbs.
Acetonitriles ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; Polymers ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo determine 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose (PGG) in forty four kinds of Chinese traditional medicines by HPLC.

METHODThe PGG was extracted with a solvent consisting of ethanol and water (50:50) in ultrasonic bath at 50-60 degrees C for 1 hour. A Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was used for the separation and analysis of PGG with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 2. 5 % acetic acid solution (18:82). The wavelength of detection was at 280 nm, and flow rate was set at 1.0 mL min(-1).

RESULTThe calibration curve for PGG is linear over the range of 1-150 microg mL(-1) (r =0.9994), and PGG was found in seventeen kinds of Chinese traditional medicines, such as gall tree peony bark, red peony root, white peony root, and so on.

CONCLUSIONThe contents of PGG were determined in forty four kinds of Chinese traditional medicines by a rapid and precision HPLC method.

Calibration ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; analysis ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Moutan Cortex(MC) residues produced after the extraction of MC can be re-extracted for active components and used to produce organic fertilizer and animal feed. However, they are currently disposed as domestic waste, which pollutes the environment. This study analyzed the chemical composition of the medicinal material, residues, and residue compost of MC by UPLC-UV-Q-TOF-MS. Furthermore, the nutrient composition of MC residues and the residue compost was analyzed. The results showed that:(1)MC residues had lower content of chemicals than the medicinal material, and content of paeonol, gallic acid, and galloylglucose in MC residues were about 1/3 of that in the medicinal material. The content of chemicals were further reduced after residue composting, and the quantitative compounds were all below the limits of detection.(2)Compared with MC residues, the residue compost showed the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and organic matter content increasing by 122.67%, 31.32%, 120.39%, and 32.06%, respectively. Therefore, we concluded that the MC residues can be used to re-extract active compounds such as paeonol, gallic acid, and galloylglucose. The MC residue compost is a high-quality organic fertilizer containing minimal content of chemicals and can be widely used in the cultivation of Chinese medicinal herbs.
Animals ; Composting ; Fertilizers ; Soil/chemistry* ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; Nutrients ; Acetophenones ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Paeonia

BACKGROUND: Scalp seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic type of inflammatory dermatosis that is associated with sebum secretion and proliferation of Malassezia species. Ketoconazole or zinc-pyrithione shampoos are common treatments for scalp seborrheic dermatitis. However, shampoos comprising different compounds are required to provide patients with a wider range of treatment options. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate a new-formula shampoo that contains natural ingredients-including extract of Rosa centifolia petals and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-that exert antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and sebum secretion inhibitory effects, and antifungal agents for the treatment of scalp seborrheic dermatitis. METHODS: Seventy-five patients were randomized into three treatment groups; new-formula shampoo, 2% ketoconazole shampoo, and 1% zinc- pyrithione shampoo. The clinical severity scores and sebum levels were assessed by the same dermatologists at baseline (week 0), and at 2 and 4 weeks after using the shampoo. User satisfaction and irritation were also assessed with the aid of a questionnaire. RESULTS: The efficacy of the new-formula shampoo was comparable to that of both the 1% zinc-pyrithione shampoo and the 2% ketoconazole shampoo. Furthermore, it was found to provide a more rapid response than the 1% zinc-pyrithione shampoo for mild erythema lesions and was associated with greater user satisfaction compared with the 2% ketoconazole shampoo. However, the new-formula shampoo did not exhibit the previously reported sebum inhibitory effect. CONCLUSION: Extract of R. centifolia petals or EGCG could be useful ingredients in the treatment of scalp seborrheic dermatitis.
Antifungal Agents ; Dermatitis, Seborrheic* ; Erythema ; Humans ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; Ketoconazole ; Malassezia ; Rosa* ; Scalp* ; Sebum ; Skin Diseases ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo study hydrolysable tannin constituents of the seed of Juglans regia.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by Diaion HP-20, Toyopaerl HW-40 and MCI gel CHP-20P column chromatogramphy and identified by physicochemical identification and spectral data.

RESULTSix compounds obtained from the 70% ethanol extract were identified as 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-3-D-glucose (1), rugosin C (2), 1, 2, 3, 6-tetra-O-galloyl-3-D-glugose (3), tellimagrandin II (4), casuarictin (5), 1-degalloylrugosin F (6).

CONCLUSIONAll compouds were isolated from the seeds of J. regia for the first time.

Biphenyl Compounds ; chemistry ; Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; chemistry ; Juglans ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Seeds ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo find out the suitable time for collecting gallnuts. When Kaburgaia rhusicola parasailed on leaflets of Rhus potainii, the parts of the leaflets developed into gallnuts.

METHODThe regulation of development and tannin amount during whole growing stage were studied.

RESULTK. rhusicola lived in gallnuts for about 80 days. The gallnuts developed quickly during earlier stage and slowly during later stage. Gallnuts maturated from 12th, July to 30th, July, which had no relations with the size and the time for forming, but had relations with development at earlier stage. It developed quickly with earlier maturation and developed slowly with later maturation. Its tannin amount kept stable during the whole growing stage.

CONCLUSIONThe best harvesting days are those shortly after 7th, July.

Animals ; Aphids ; chemistry ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; analysis ; Materia Medica ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; parasitology ; Plants, Medicinal ; parasitology ; Rhus ; parasitology ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of four acids compounds including gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, corilagin and ellagic acid in Erodium Stephanianum.

METHODThe RP-HPLC separation was performed on an Agilent TC-C18 analytical column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm). The mobile phase was methanol (A) -water containing 0.4% H3PO4 (B) with gradient elution mode at the flow rate of 0.8 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was set at 259 nm, and the column temperature was 30 degrees C.

RESULTThe liner ranges of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, corilagin and ellagic acid were 0.059-2.360 g x L(-1) (r = 0.999 6), 0.017-0.672 g x L(-1) (r = 0.999 9), 0.351-14.040 g x L(-1) (r = 0.999 9), and 0.151-6.040 g x L(-1) (r = 0.999 8), respectively. The average recoveries (n = 3) were 99.45% (RSD 1.5%), 98.65% (RSD 1.7%), 100.3% (RSD 2.0%), and 98.90% (RSD 1.2%), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple and accurate with a good reproducibility and can be used for quality control of Erodium stephanianum.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Ellagic Acid ; analysis ; Gallic Acid ; analysis ; Geraniaceae ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; Hydroxybenzoates ; analysis

1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose (PGG) is one of the main active compounds of Guizhi Fuling capsule. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) have high affinity toward template molecules synthesized by molecularly imprinted technology for its specific combined sites, which can overcome the shortcoming of traditional separation methods, such as complex operation, low efficiency, using large quantity of solvent and environmental pollution. In this paper, surface molecularly imprinted polymer (SMIP) was prepared by surface imprinting with PGG as the template molecule. Its adsorption capacity was measured by the scatchard equation. The separation of PGG from Guizhi Fuling capsule at preparatived scale was achieved with molecularly imprinted polymer as stationary phase and the purity was 90.2% by HPLC. This method can be used to prepare PGG from Guizhi Fuling capsule with large capacity and is easy to operate. It provides a new method for efficient separation and purification for other natural products.
Adsorption ; Capsules ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Imprinting ; Polymers ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry