High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the principal cause of various cancers including cervical cancer, anal cancer, vulvar cancer, and some head and neck cancers. In the viral life cycle, by interacting with both viral and host DNA and proteins, the HPV E2 protein plays a pivotal role in viral transcriptional regulation and DNA replication, and it is also associated with modification of various cellular processes, including host gene transcription, RNA processing, apoptosis, ubiquitination, and intracellular trafficking, to create a convenient environment for a replicative cycle of the virus and contribute to the HPV pathogenesis. Elucidating the roles of E2 protein throughout the viral life cycle will improve our understanding of the viral life cycle and pathogenesis and help us identify novel antiviral agents with therapeutic potential. This article reviews the research progress in the structure, roles, and activity of high-risk HPV E2 protein, particularly that of HPV-16.
Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; genetics ; metabolism ; Papillomavirus Infections ; genetics ; metabolism ; virology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; virology

A total of 1342 individuals underwent physical examinations according to the criteria of metabolic syndrome of International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2005.And 314 patients with metabolic disorders were screened for diabetes by standard meal and methods oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).Newly diagnosed diabetics was 12 (4.1％ ) vs.17 (5.8％) respectively.No significant difference existed between two methods (P =0.332).Kendall's (τ)b =0.313,Kendall's (τ)c =0.208 and Gamma coefficient =0.580 (P =0.000).The mixed meal method was correlated with OGTT,Kappa =0.258 (P =0.000) and two methods were consistent.Diabetic screening should be stressed in the subjects with metabolic abnormalities.And the detecting efficiency of postprandial plasma glucose is similar to OGTT.

Objective To observe the expression change of HRG-1 gene between urinary bladder carcinoma and normal tissues,and to investigate the effect of HRG-1-siRNA on the proliferation and apoptosis of human bladder carcinoma cells.Methods Immunohistochemisty was used to detect the expression of HRG-1 in 85 cases of bladder carcinomas and 20 normal bladder tissues.The siRNA of HRG-1 was designed,synthesized,and transfected into bladder cancer cell line T24.Results The HRG-1 gene expression had significant differences between bladder carcinoma and normal bladder tissues (P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression of HRG-1 gene had significant differences between the pathological grades and clinical stages of bladder carcinomas (P ＜0.05).After treated with siRNA,the expression levels of HRG-1 protein and mRNA in T24 cells decreased obviously (P ＜ 0.05).The apoptosis rate of T24 cells transfected with HRG-1-siRNA was significantly different from control-siRNA group and blank group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The high expression of HRG-1 gene may play an important role in bladder carcinoma,and siRNA targeting HRG-1 can suppress HRG-1 protein expression markedly and enhance apoptosis of T24 cells.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy,adverse effect and prognosis of infliximab in treatment of the patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods Thirty-two cases of infliximab-treated JIA patients and 30 cases of JIA control patients were investigated in this prospective study,and their tender joint count (TJC),swollen joint count (SJC),erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),C-reactive protein (CRP),visual analog scale for general health (GH),disease activity score (DAS) 28,as well as adverse reactions of treatment and follow-up outcomes were analyzed.The infliximab-treated patients were intravenously infused with infliximab at the low dose of ＜ 5 mg/(kg · time) or the high dose of ≥ 5 mg/(kg · time) in 0,2nd,6th,14th,22nd,30th week.The JIA control patients were treated with conventional therapy.Results The treatment of infliximab ameliorated the TJC,SJC,ESR,CH,CRP and DAS28 of JIA patients.In the dynamical analysis of these clinical indexes of the infliximab-treated JIA patients,the index of SJC was found to fall firstly in the 2nd week,the indexes of TJC,ESR,CH and DAS28 were found to decline secondly at 6th week,the indexes of TJC,SJC,ESR,CRP and DAS28 continued dropping till 22nd week,and only the index of GH progressively declined to 30th week.The high-dose infliximab-treated group had lower levels of ESR,GH and CRP than the low-dose infliximab-treated group (t =2.14,3.04,2.33,P =0.04,0.01,0.04).But there were no statistical difference in TJC,SJC,DAS28 and the incidence of recent adverse reactions between the high and low infliximab dose groups.In the infliximab treated group,2 cases of patients (6.25％) failed in the therapy of infliximab;9 cases of patients (28.13％) continued therapy with infliximab to 46th-62nd week; 7 cases of patients (21.88％) stopped therapy with infliximab in the 30th week had good improvement of joint symptoms and inflammatory indexes; 14 cases of patients (43.75％) relapsed and retreated by infliximab after cease the first course of treatment; 1 case of patient died of severe chickenpox infection after therapy with infliximab was ceased.Conclusions Infliximab can alleviate the joint symptoms,inflammatory indexes and DAS28 of JIA patients,and is an effective and safe therapy for JIA patients in the short-term study.

0.05), but not in other brain regions. The number of GFAP-immunopositive cells of the E.coli-treated pups was markedly increased in periventricular white matter and hippocampus at P7 compared with the control group (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Intrauterine infection induces an increased expression of GFAP in the neonatal brain. [

Objective To develop the software of Management Information System of Medical Materials.Methods Based on the platform of NET,three layers of C/S was applied in equipment & apparatus department for good operation platform,frequent data access and rapid response.Besides,the current HIS was utilized to protect the system to be extensible,easily-updated and easily-maintained.Results The application of Management Information System of Medical Materials could meet the requirement in scientific and standard supply,application and management of medical materials.The software was used in scores of hospitals with good effect.Conclusion Being able to organically integrate with other functional module,the software provides a powerful tool for the scientific management of hospital equipment.

Totally 1136 individuals aged over 40 underwent health check up in March to May 2009. Fasting blood glucose, 2-h post-challenge blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and serum uric acid were measured. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on the International Diabetes Federation Criteria. The results shows that total body fat, region body fat indices, blood pressure, blood glucose and serum uric acid levels increased with the age ( P < 0.01) . The prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome in this group of individuals were 15. 1% (171/1136) , and increased with age (P<0.01). The most common combination of metabolic syndrome was central obesity-hypertension-dyslipidemia (40. 9% , 70/171). Unconditional logistic regression revealed that waist-hip-ratio, body mass index and uric acid were the risk factors for metabolic syndrome.

This paper discusses application of multimedia and network technology in Laboratory Animal Science Teaching:We have set up multimedia courseware,made animal experiment video and built network course-learning system and a good teaching effect has been achieved.Then it analyzes the problems of multimedia and network technology in Laboratory Animal Science Teaching.

On account of the dense cuticles of the fresh stem and the light, hard and pliable texture of the dried stem, Dendrobii Caulis is difficult to dry or pulverize. So, it is very important to the ancient doctors that Dendrobii Caulis should be properly treated and applied to keep or evoke its medicinal effects. The current textual research results about the preliminary processing, processing and usage methods of Dendrobii Caulis showed that: (1) In history the clinical use of fresh or processed Dendrobii Caulis as teas and tinctures were very common. (2) Its roots and rhizomes would be removed before using. (3) Some ancillary approaches were applied to shorten drying times, such as rinsing with boiling mulberry-ash soup, washing or soaking with liquor, mixing with rice pulp and then basking, etc. (4) According to the ancients knowledge, the sufficient pulverization, by means of slicing, rasping, hitting or pestling techniques, was necessary for Dendrobii Caulis to take its effects. (5) The heat processing methods for Dendrobii Caulis included stir-baking, stir-frying, steaming, decocting and stewing techniques, usually with liquor as an auxiliary material. Among above mentioned, steaming by pretreating with liquor was most commonly used, and this scheme was colorfully drawn in Bu Yi Lei Gong Pao Zhi Bian Lan (Ming Dynasty, 1591 CE) ; moreover, decocting in advance or long-time simmering so as to prepare paste products were recommended in the Qing Dynasty. (6) Some different processing programs involving stir-baking with grit, air-tightly baking with ondol (Kangs), fumigating with sulfur, which appeared in modern times and brought attractive outward appearance of the drug, went against ancients original intentions of ensuring drug efficacy.
Dendrobium ; History, Ancient ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; history

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that kainic acid injected into hippocampus can significantly upregulate the expression of excitatory KA1 subunit of the kainate receptor in the hippocampus, and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2, accompanied by celldeath. OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress after kainic acid is injected into the hippocampus.METHODS:0.15 nmol kainic acid was injected into the hippocampal CA1 region of 32 adult male Kunming mice, the injection time was 60 seconds. At different time points (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 12 hours) after kainic acid was injected, the Bederson score analysis was performed, and then the brain was harvested after cerebral perfusion. FJB staining of brain sections and immunofluorescence double labeled observation were also performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) At 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 hours after kainic acid injection, Bederson score showed severe injury of central nervous system function, and FJB staining showed the increased of celldeath in the hippocampus (P<0.05);At 1, 2, 12 hours after injection, Bederson score showed no obvious injury of central nervous system function, and FJB staining showed unobvious celldeath in the hippocampus (P>0.05). (2) According to the results of FJB staining, the brain sections were selected at 3, 8 hours for immunohistochemistry. The expressionlevels of KA1 receptors and endoplasmic reticulum stress marker P-eIF2αwere up-regulated at the same time after kainic acid was injected into hippocampus. Two single-staining KA1 and P-eIF2αimmunofluorescence images were synthesized into one over-lapped double-stained image, and two images overlapped, indicating that the up-regulated expression of KA1 and endoplasmic reticulum stress occurred in the same nerve cells. Kainic acid first up-regulated the excitatory receptor KA1 expression, which may cause cellendoplasmic reticulum dysfunction and result in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, further promoting neuronal celldeath.