Purpose To analyze the 64-row spiral CT manifestations and evaluate the diagnostic value in early primary ureteral carcinoma.Materials and Methods Fifteen cases of early primary ureteral carcinoma proved by surgery and pathology were reviewd.Unenhanced scan,enhanced scan in arterial phase,parenchymal phase,delayed phase and CPR construction were performed in all patients.MIP were performed in 10 cases.Results ① the localization of lesions:7cases were located at the right ureter and 8 cases at the left.2 cases were located at the upper portion of the ureter,6 at mid portion,and 7 at lower portion;② CT manifestations:8 cases showed irregular thickened wall and central lumen stenosis,4 cases eccentric soft tissue mass in lumen and crescent or linear vestigial lumen,3 cases soft tissue density and obsolescent lumen;③the enhanced features:the tumor was demonstrated apparent and uniform enhancement in 13 cases,inhomogeneous enhancement in 2 cases after administration of contrast medium;④ the accompanied signs:proximate renal and ureteral presented distention,dropsy in different degrees,5 cases appeared delayed development.Conclusion 64-row spiral CT volume scan and 3D reconstruction with multiplane and multiorientation,combined with axial enhanced scan,can show lesions dimensionly and increase the dignostic accuracy in early primary ureteral carcinoma,which has an important value.

Carcinoma of urinary bladder is one of the most common tumor.As life rhythm speeding up and lifestyle changing,bladder cancer incident increases year after year.Previous major treatment methods for the disease are open surgery and TURBT,but these therapies can not overcome the characteristics of its recurrence.Since the 21st century along with the rapid development of molecular biology technology,the discovery of Survivin gene,new knowledge about HSP molecules in tumor immunology and the progress of the technique called RNA interference,open up a whole new field for early diagnosis and treatment of bladder carcinoma.Discussing the role of Survivin gene in the development of tumor,survivin antisense RNA' s efficacy and the role of HSP70 in the cancer immunity,the review aims at exploring the possibility of the double gene expression vector constructed by Survivin antisense RNA gene and HSP70 gene for bladder carcinoma therapy.

Recent studies showed that white spot syndrome virus(WSSV)isolates from different geographic locations share a high genetic similarity except the variable regions in ORF23/24 and ORF14/15,and variable number of tandem repeats(VNTR)within ORF94.In this study,genotyping was performed according to these three variable regions among WSSV isolates collected during 1998/1999 from Southern China.These WSSV isolates contain a deletion of 1168,5657,5898,9316 and 11093 bp,respectively in the variable region ORF23/24compared with WSSV-TW,and a deletion of 4749 or 5622 bp in the variable region ORF14/15 relative to TH-96-II.Four types of repeat units(RUs)(6,8,9 and 13 RUs)in ORF94 were detected in these isolates,with the shortest 6 RUs as the most prevalent type.Our results provide important information for a better understanding of the spatio-temporal transmission mode and the WSSV genetic evolution lineage.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), a unique member within the virus family Nimaviridae, is the most notorious aquatic virus infecting shrimp and other crustaceans and has caused enormous economic losses in the shrimp farming industry worldwide. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of WSSV morphogenesis, structural proteins, and replication is essential for developing prevention measures of this serious parasite. The viral genome is approximately 300kb and contains more than 180 open reading frames (ORF). However, most of proteins encoded by these ORF have not been characterized. Due to the importance of WSSV structural proteins in the composition of the virion structure, infection process and interaction with host cells, knowledge of structural proteins is essential to understanding WSSV entry and infection as well as for exploring effective prevention measures. This review article summarizes mainly current investigations on WSSV structural proteins including the relative quantities, localization, function and protein-protein interactions. Traditional proteomic studies of 1D or 2D gel electrophoresis separations and mass spectrometry (MS) followed by database searches have identified a total of 39 structural proteins. Shotgun proteomics and iTRAQ were initiated to identify more structural proteins. To date, it is estimated that WSSV is assembled by at least 59 structural proteins, among them 35 are defined as the envelope fraction (including tegument proteins) and 9 as nucleocapsid proteins. Furthermore, the interaction within several major structural proteins has also been investigated. This identitification and characterization of WSSV protein components should help in the understanding of the viral assembly process and elucidate the roles of several major structural proteins.

Objective To explore the effects of combining tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-αt) inhibitor with adenosine A2b receptor antagonist CVT-6883 on asthmatic lung irflammation in mice.Methods A total of 40 female Balb/c mice were evenly randomized into 5 groups,including normal control group,asthma group,CVT-6883 group,CVT-6883 + etanercept group,and etanercept group.The pathological changes in the lungs were determined and the number of white blood cells(WBC) and eosinophil(EOS) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was counted by cell count in each group.The levels of TNF-α in BALF were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expression of adenosine A2b receptor mRNA in the lung tissues were measured by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results 1.The lung tissue in asthma group,dyed by HE,was found to have a large number of airway inflammatory cell infiltration,thickening of the bronchial mucosa,the alveolar septa widened and fracture.In the CVT-6883,CVT-6883 + etanercept and etanercept group,the pathological changes were relieved.2.The WBC and EOS counts in BALF of the asthma group[(413.8 ±5.8)/L,(139.3 ± 1.4)/L] were higher than those of the normal control group [(24.0 ± 1.3)/L,(1.8 ± 0.1)/L,P ＜ 0.05].The WBC and EOS counts of the CVT-6883 group[(111.5 ±3.8)/L,(3.3 ±0.1)/L],the etanercept group + the CVT-6883 group[(173.8 ±3.9)/L,(10.4 ± 0.2)/L],and the etanercept group[(138.4 ± 3.0)/L,(4.1 ± 0.1)/L] were lower than those of the asthma group (P ＜0.05).3.Compared with the control group(100.4 ± 5.7) ng/L,the TNF-α concentration of the asthma group (145.2 ± 8.8) ng/L was significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05) ; the TNF-α concentration of CVT-6883 group (130.9 ± 5.9) ng/L,CVT-6883 + etanercept group(115.7 ± 8.2) ng/L and the etanercept group(122.0 ± 8.7) ng/L,were significantly decreased compared with asthma group (P ＜ 0.05).4.In asthma group (8.9 ± 1.1) compared with the control group(0.6 ± 0.2),the A2bAR (adenosine A2b receptor) mRNA expression was upregulated (P ＜ 0.05) ; CVT-6883 group(1.6 ±0,3),CVT-6883 + etanercept group(2.5 ±0.6) and the etanercept group(5.3 ±0.4),the A2bAR(adenosine A2b receptor) mRNA expression was significantly decreased compared with asthma group (all P ＜0,05).Conclusion Combination of TNF-α inhibitor with adenosine A2b receptor antagonist can reduce asthmatic lung inflammation.

Objective To develop a satisfactory and reliable method for simultaneous determination of seven cephalosporin antibiotics (cefadroxil,cephalexin,cefoperazone,cefuroxime,cefradine,ceftazidime and cefotaxime) in water samples using solidphase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography.Methods The detection and reference wavelengths were 254 and 270 nm,respectively.The analytes were separated within 20 min by a gradient elution program.The optimized pretreatment of water samples was as following:using hydrophilic-lipophilic balance HLB as SPE cartridges,adjusting pH to 3 and adding 3.0 g NaCl per 500 ml water sample.Results The linear range of the method was 0.05-5.00 mg/L for ceftazidime,cefotaxime and cefuroxime,0.10-10.00 mg/L for cefadroxil,cephalexin and cefradine,and 0.20-20.00mg/L for cefoperazone.The coefficients for the analytes were above 0.99 and the limits of determination were 0.05-0.39 ?g/L.The recoveries of seven cephalosporin antibiotics in purified water were 86.64%-105.28%,and its relative standard deviation were 2.61%-11.64%.Conclusion The method was sensitive,accurate and repeatable,it is applicable to the determination of the cephalosporin antibiotics in waters.

Breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) and positron emission mammography (PEM) have the high resolution in diagnosing breast lesions with minimum diameter of 3 mm.Both BSGI and PEM are functional imaging modalities,which have no relation with breast tissue density,implanted prosthesis,scar formation and so on.This review elaborates the application of BSGI and PEM in the early diagnosis,treatment protocols and evaluation of efficacy for the patients with breast cancer.

BACKGROUND:With the development of tissue engineering, porous bioceramics are more and more used to repair bone defects. Current research focuses on the biological synthesis of this bioceramics and its performance evaluation.
OBJECTIVE:To discuss the preparation of a new kind of bone cement and to determine its physicochemical properties and biocompatibility with osteoblasts.
METHODS:Biphasic tricalcium phosphate powders were prepared using co-precipitation method. The powder was turned into granular stuff by arabic gum. After sintering, porous hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate bioceramics were harvested, and then mixed with alpha-hemihydrate to prepare the bone cement.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:X-ray diffraction confirmed that the synthetic substance was a kind of biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic having a porous structure. The bone cement could be in the plastic state within 3 minutes. The curing time was 15 minutes, and the curing temperature was 36.5℃. The maximum compression strength was 5.82 MPa, and the MTT toxicity was level 0. Osteoblasts could grew wel on the material surface.

Objective To investigate correlation between cystatin C (Cys C) and target organ damage (TOD) in elderly hypertension and its clinical significance.Methods One hundred patients with TOD in elderly hypertension were selected as an observation group.One hundred patients without TOD in elderly hypertension were recruited as the controll group.And sixty healthy aged persons were recruited as healthy group.Serum concentration of Cys C in all cases was measured by the particle enhanced nephelometric immunoassay.At the same time,serum creatinine (Scr),urine albumin (mALB) and left ventricle mass index (LVMI) via ultrasonography were also detected.Correlation of Cys C with the above measurements were analyzed.Results The Cys C concentration was significantly higher in observation group [(1.84±0.32) mg/L] than in contrast [(0.92±0.36) mg/L] and healtbygroups [(0.85±0.34) mg/L],F=88.43,P=0.000.However,the difference in level of Cys C was not statistically significantly different between controll group and healthy group (P ＞0.05).In observation group,serum concentration of Cys C was positively correlated with Scr,mALBand LVMI (r=0.420,0.526,0.470,P=0.021,0.019,0.034) after adjusting age.Conclusions Serum level of Cys C is markedly elevated and is positively correlated with Scr,mALB and LVMI in patients with TOD in elderly hypertension.It can be considered as one of the useful factors for evaluating TOD in elderly hypertension.

Objective: To identify Aconitum pendulum Busch. and Aconitum kongboense Lauener. Methods: Aconitum pendulum Busch. and Aconitum kongboense Lauener were identified by microscopical identification and TLC. And the contents of aconitine in the two herbs were determined by HPLC. Results:Microscopical identification showed they were different from each other, and aconitine was used as the reference component. Using the solution consisting of hexane ∶ethyl acetate ∶diethylamine (10 ∶6 ∶0. 8) as the developing solvent, the compositions in the two herbs were different in TLC. The content of aconitine in Aconitum pendulum Busch was 0. 71 mg· g-1 , while that in Aconitum kongboense Lauener was only 0. 03 mg·g-1 . Conclusion:Aconitum pendulum Busch. and Aconitum kong-boense Lauener Identified by microscopical identification, TLC and HPLC,SHOW NOTABLE differences between them, and Aconitum kongboense Lauener should not be used as Aconitum pendulum Busch.