Hepatitis C virus (HCV) accounts for the majority of cases of transfusion acquired hepatitis and may cause chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, there is no vaccine against HCV and treatment is expensive and not always effective.The adaptive host immune response in viral clearance of HCV infection was described and the recent progress in vaccine development of HCV, focusing on the fields of DNA vaccine candidates, recombinant viral vectored vaccine candidates and combined (prime-boost) vaccine candidates were summarized. Some challenges and limitations of developing a HCV vaccine were also analysed. In summary, a promising approach of developing an experimental HCV vaccine to induce extremely potent and broad T-cell responses based on prime-boost strategy was presented.

The application of medical network education system has created favorable conditions for the network education in our hospital. This paper describes the system and resource database construction, educational application and some problems confronted. Construction improvement and widely application of the system are also thoroughly discussed.

Objective To study the expression and the role of interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis in colonic tissue of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) induced eolitic mice.Methods Mice were divided into four groups:control (n=24),TNBS (n= 24),TNBS 48 hours + mlL-17 antibodies (n=24),TNBS 48 hours + normal rat blood-serum (n= 24).TNBS-induced colitis model was constructed.The mice in control group and TNBS colitis group were sacrificed at 24 hours,48 hours,7th day,respectively.In TNBS 48 hours + mlL-17 antibodies group and TNBS 48 hours + normal rat blood-serum group,a single injection with the polyclonal mlL-17 antibodies or serum were given intraperitoneally at two hours before enema with TNBS,respectively,and the mice were killed at 48 hours after enema with TNBS.The histological score of colon and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of colonic tissue were evaluated in each group.IL-23p19 and IL-17 concentrations in colonic tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κBp65in colonic tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry method.Expression of IL-23p19,IL-17 and IL-12p35 mRNA in colonic tissue were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with SYBR Green I.Results The protein levels of IL-23p19 in colonic tissue in TNBS colitis groups at 24 hours,48 hours and 7 days were (15.53±3.32),(31.16±4.98) and (14.03±3.56) ng/mg,respectively,and their mRNA level were (4.09±0.34),(3.39±0.46) and (6.54±1.82),respectively.The protein levels of IL-17 were (0.35±0.06),(0.38±0.08),and (0.26±0.05) ng/mg,respectively,and their mRNA level were (4.21±2.61),(2.65±0.91) and (5.63±1.43),respectively.The expression levels of IL-23p19 and IL-17 in colitis model were significantly higher than those in control group and the peak was at 48 hours.Moreover,expression of IL-23p19 and IL-17 and their mRNA were positively correlated to their mRNA levels.In TNBS 48 hours + mIL-17 antibodies group,the expression levels of NF-κBp65,the microscopic scores and MPO (1.86 % ± 0.36 %,0.63 ± 0.52,0.40 ± 0.03 U/g,respectively) were significantly lower than those in TNBS 48 hours group (4.35% ±0.37%,5.13±0.64,2.29±0.40 U/g tissue,respectively).Neutralization of IL-17 was significantly protected against TNBS-induced colonic inflammation and MPO and expression of NF-κB p65.The results indicated that neutralization of IL-17 significantly reduced colonic inflammation and suppressed NF-κBp65 activation.This protection occurred in the presence of equivalent induction of local IL-23 p19 and high levels of IL-12p35 in the polyclonal raiL-17 antibodies-treated mice.Conclusions IL-23/IL-17 axis plays a critical role at the early acute phase of TNBS-induced inflammation.IL-17 may represent a new target for therapeutic intervention for inflammatory bowel disease.

Objective To study the feasibility of the treatment of tubule pregnancy by interventional technique. Methods By using Seldinger′s method, 40 cases of tubule pregnancy received superselective angiography of uterine artery,followed by perfusion of methotrexate (MTX) through the catheter and embolization of uterine artery with gelatin sponge. The concentration of serum ? HCG, the change of pelvic cavity, and the open condition of oviduct were regularly monitored postoperatively. Results Angiographic findings of tubule pregnancy were classified into 3 types. Type Ⅰ, no abnormal vascular appearance were found in 3 cases (7.5%). Type Ⅱ, patchy vascular staining of villi in parauterine area was observed in 4 cases (10.0%). Type Ⅲ, a round vascular staining of villi surrounded by small blood vessels in parauterine area occurred in 33 cases (82.5%). The cure rate in total 40 cases achieved 97.5% (39/40). After treatment, the mean time that the serum ? HCG concentration returned to normal was (7.66?2.01) d and the mean time that the menstruation returned to normal was (29.78?7.14) d. In 21 cases who hoped their fertility remaining intact, the oviduct were verified open by hysterosalpingography (HSG) in 20 cases, the open rate was 95.24%. Conclusion The treatment of tubule pregnancy by interventional technique was proved no harmful effect to reproductive organs and would expect to preserve fertility. This method could resolve the difficult problem of celiac hemorrhage which making conservative treatment impossible and internal hemorrhage happened in the course of traditional conservative therapy leading to treatment failure finally. This method might be a new conception and a choice to treat tubal pregnancy through artery.

Objective To analyze the separation and displacement of bone fragments in sagittal fracture of the mandibular condyle (SFMC),understand the motion type and guide clinical treatment and development of related surgical instruments.Methods Forty-five patients (52 sides) with SFMC treated between October 2008 and October 2012 were enrolled; 32 patients (36 sides) were males and 13 patients (16 sides) were females.According to the Neff classification,there were 20 sides with type A,28 sides type B and 4 sides type M.All the patients underwent CT scan and were classified based on measurements of distance and angle of displaced bone fragments.Results Patients were categorized into type Ⅰ on 20 sides (type Ⅰ A on 14 sides and type Ⅰ B on 6 sides),type Ⅱ on 27 sides (type Ⅱ A on 11 sides and type ⅡB on 16 sides),type ⅢB in 1 side and type Ⅳ in4 sides.Mean displacement of bone fragments was 12 mm (range,4-16 mm) ; mean deviation angle was 34°(range,11°-43°) ; mean descending distance was 13 mm (range,6-18 mm).Conclusion CT analysis results show that,mast bone fragments in SFMC move slightly.

Objective To evaluate the factors influencing the reproducibility and validity of food group intakes measured by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Chinese men. Methods A total of 214 adult men were randomly selected from the Shanghai Men Health Study (SMHS), an ongoing cohort study conducted in urban Shanghai. Each subject who had completed the first FFQ survey at recruitment took 24-hour dietary recall (24-HDR) surveys which were conducted once a month for 12 consecutive months and a second FFQ at the end of the study. Two FFQs were administered approximately 1.2 years apart. The food items listed in FFQ and obtained from 24-HDR were categorized into 11 food groups. The factors influencing the reproducibility of the FFQ was assessed by comparing the Pearson correlation of intake levels from the two FFQs, while the factors influencing the validity was evaluated by comparing intake levels from the second FFQ with the multiple 24-HDRs. Results A total of 195 men completed all 12 times of 24-HDR and twice FFQ surveys. The median Pearson correlation coefficients of the food groups between the two FFQs in older vs younger age group were 0.62 vs 0.50;in higher vs lower education level group were 0.58 vs 0.50;in higher vs lower income group were 0.51 vs 0.50;in higher vs lower BMI group were 0.50 vs 0.49. The median Pearson correlation coefficients of the food groups between the second FFQ and 24-HDRs in older vs younger age group were 0.61 vs 0.45;in higher vs lower education level group were 0.49 vs 0.47;in higher vs lower income group were 0.43 vs 0.57;in higher vs lower BMI group were 0.48 vs 0.51. Conclusions Age is the main factor influencing the reproducibility of the food group intakes by a FFQ used in the SMHS, while the factors influencing the validity are age and family income.

Studies on the origin of the afferent acetylcholinesterase-containing fibres of the nucleus accumbens in the brain stem of 27 rats were carried out by retrograde fluorescent labeling combined with AChE histochemistry. DAPI or Pr was injected into the nucleus accumbens. The animals survived for 2.5-3 days. DFP was injected intramuscularly 6 to 8 hours before left intraventricular perfusion by 10％ formalin-containing phosphate buffer solution (0.1mol/L, pH 7.4). The frozen serial transverse sections of the brain stem were incubated in Karnovsky-Roots solution. The fluorescent retrograde labeled cells with AChE reaction-positive products were traced under OLYMPUS fluorescence microscope and light microscope simultaneously. The results were as follows: (1) On the ipsilateral side, the retrograde fluorescent labeled cells with AChE reaction-positive products were found in the following nuclei: area ventralis tegmentalis (AVT), substantia nigra (SN), nucleus raphes mesencephali caudalis(cmr), nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus(tpt), nucleus raphe dorsalis(dr), nucleus centralis superior (cs), nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis(rtp), Locus ceruleus (Lc), nucleus tractus solitarus(tsol), nucleus raphe pallidus (rpa), nucleus reticularis paramedianus (rpm), subnucleus reticularis ventralis(rv), nucleus reticularis lateralis(rL). (2) On the contralateral side, a few of the above mentnioned cells were also found in AVT, SN, dr, cs, and tsol.

Objective To probe the diagnostic value of MRI in wounded feet which were negative on X-ray film.Methods 77 cases with wounded feet displayed normally on X-ray film underwent MRI,using SE/T1WI,TSE/SPIR/T2WI and 3D-water sel.-FFE.Results The abnormalities on MRI were found in 54 cases,of them,47 cases were within 30 days including bone contusion in 20 cases,muscle injury in 12 cases,bone contusion and muscle injury in 6 cases,bone contusion and soft tissue space injury in 2 cases,simple soft tissue space injury in 3 cases,tiny bone fracture in 3 cases and bone fracture in combination with contusion 1 case.7 cases were 30 days after trauma including cancellous bone sclerosis and little ossature deformity.Conclusion MRI is of important value in the wounded feet which are negative on X-ray film and have obvious symptom.

Objective To observe the effect of transplantation of telomerase immortalized human neural progenitor cells to acute injured canine spinal cord by using MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Methods Telomerase immortalized human neural progenitor cells with expression of green fluorescent protein were prepared for transplantation. Eight adult canines with left spinal cord hemisection at the level of T13 were examined by MR diffusion tensor imaging four times sequentially: prior to injury, one week after injury, one week after transplantation (two weeks after injury), and four weeks after transplantation. Results The ADC values of the injured spinal cord were (1.00?0.15)?10 -3 mm2/s, (1.65?0.45)?10 -3 mm2/s, (1.44?0.48)?10 -3 mm2/s, and (1.43?0.26) ?10 -3 mm2/s, respectively. There was statistically significant difference between the data obtained at different times (F=6.038, P=0.005). The FA values of the injured spinal cord were 0.59?0.11, 0.30?0.17, 0.36?0.25, and 0.34?0.11, respectively. There was also statistically significant difference between the data obtained at different times ( F=5.221,P=0.009). The ADC values of the intact spinal cord were (1.01?0.17)?10 -3 mm2/s, (1.32?0.06)?10 -3 mm2/s, (1.10?0.24)?10 -3 mm2/s, and (1.14?0.22) ?10 -3 mm2/s, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the data obtained at different times ( F=1.303,P=0.306). The FA values of the intact spinal cord were 0.60?0.09, 0.38?0.25, 0.46?0.15, and 0.50?0.21, respectively. There was also no statistically significant difference between the data obtained at different times (F=2.797,P=0.072).Conclusion DTI can provide useful information for spinal cord injury and regeneration in experimental spinal cord injury.

Objective To explore the effect of Jiangzhipailuan decoction in regulating PPARα( belong to the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors ), PGC- 1α ( peroxime proliferator activated releptour)and SREBP-1c( belong to the baichelix-loop-helix-leucine zipper class of transcription factors), SCAP( SREBP cleavage activating protein) related to lipid metabolism in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Methods 84 patients suffered polycystic ovary syndrome were randomly divided into 4 groups: one received traditional Chinese medicine treatment, one western medicine treatment, one combination therapy and one as the control group. Traditional Chinese medicine group was treated with Jiangzhipailuan decoction treatment for 3 months, western medicine group was treated with up to Diane-35 ( ethinyl cyproterone tablets) for three cycles, while the combination therapy group was treated with traditional Chinese medicine ,western medicine as well as combined treatment for 3 courses. Results In the combination therapy group the PPARα, PGC-1α and decreased SREBP-1c, SCAP copy number was significantly improved ,and body mass index was significantly lowered. The total improvement rate of menstrual in three groups were 71.42% ,75.00% ,92.86% respectively. Conclusion Jiangzhipailuan decoction played a prominent role in regulating PPARα,PGC-1α and SREBP-1c,SCAP related to lipid metabolism in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome.