Background Fungal keratitis has a high incidence in China and its clinical treatment is very difficult,and its etiology diagnosis and appraisal is the premise to improve the prognosis of disease.With the changes of regional environment and climate in recent years,whether the spectrum of fungal keratitis change in South China is remarkable.Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate recent pathogenic distribution of fungal keratitis in South China area.Methods The consecutive fungal culture resuhs of 3 350 purulent keratitis at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from January 2009 to December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.The positive rate of fungal culture,genus or species distribution,seasonal distribution and different term distribution were analyzed.Results The culture-positive rate was 31.34％ in this study (1 050/3 350),and the average culture-positive number was 175 strains per year.In the positive fungus,the highest positive rate was Fusarium SP (32.10％,337/1 050),and followed by Aspergillus SP (25.71％,270/1 050),Heminthosporium SP (14.29 ％,150/1 050) and Mucor SP (9.14％,96/1 050).The fungal culture-positive rate was 36.05％ (367/1 018) in 2009 to 2010,32.45％ (324/1 014) in 2011 to 2012,and 26.86％ (354/1 318) in 2013 to 2014,respectively,with a significant difference among the three periods (x2 =22.37,P＜0.01),showing a decreasing tendency of incidence.Two hundreds and sixtyone strains were isolated from January to March (31.15 ％,261/838),182 strains from April to June (25.53 ％,182/713),237 strains from July to September (30.00％,237/790),370 strains from October to December (36.67％,370/1 009),showing a statistically significant difference among them (x2 =25.19,P ＜ 0.01).The number of infectious strains was most during October to December and fewest during April to June.Conclusions The leading pathogenic fungi of fungal keratitis is Fusarium SP and followed by Aspergillus SP,Helminthosporium SP,Mucor SP in turn.Fungal keratitis is usually prevalent from October to December,and its incidence is still rising in Chinese mainland recently.However,the increasing tendency in South China has been prevented in recent six years.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of Shenkang injection,a new compound preparation for chronic renal failure(CRF).METHODS:A total of 84 CRF patients were randomly divided into two groups:the treatment group(n=54)was given routine antihypertensive therapy and infused(iv gtt)with Shenkang injection 60～ 100mL(dissolved in 10% GS 300mL or NS 300mL)q.d for 30d;the control group(n=30)was infused(iv gtt)with Compound danshen injection 250mL q.d for 30d.RESULTS:As compared with the control group,serum levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen(UN)in treatment group had a greater reduction(P

Objective To investigate the value of using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) pretreatment in adenomyosis patients before adenomyomectomy. Methods From May 2012 to September 2015, 87 patients with adenomyosis who were non-effective to conservative therapy in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were enrolled in this study. According to the principle of randomized control, 41 patients were in the treatment group who were treated with GnRH-a 2-3 cycles before adenomyomectomy, while 46 patients in the control group. The control group paients were operated without any pretreatments. The blood loss, the number of penetrating into uterine cavity, duration of operation, duation of peritoneal drainage and the amount of drainage fluid, the difference of hemoglobin value before and after operation, total white blood cell count, duration of hospitalization, the maximum diameter of uterus and other indicators between the two groups were compared. Results In the treatment group, before and after treatment with GnRH-a, the uterus size, blood hemoglobinand CA125 value were statistically different (all P<0.05);between the treatment group of GnRH-a treated for 2 cycles and for 3 cycles, there were statistical differences of blood hemoglobin value [(108 ± 20) versus (118 ± 24) g/L], CA125 value [(26 ± 11) versus(19 ± 4) kU/L; all P<0.05]. There were statistical differences of blood loss in operation [(113 ± 32) versus (194 ± 42) ml], ratio of penetrating into uterine cavity [12%(5/41) versus 12%(8/46)], duration of operation[(79±23) versus (91±25) minutes], duration of peritoneal drainage after operation [(2.1±0.9) versus (3.0±1.2) days] and the amount of drainage fluid [(152±43) versus (232±32) ml], the difference of hemoglobin value before and after surgery [(-15.6±2.9) versus (-23.7±3.5) g/L], white blood cell count after 2-3 days of operation [(11.4±4.2)×109/L versus (13.5 ± 3.2) × 109/L], ratio of peri-operative blood transfusion [5% (2/41) versus 20% (9/46)] and duration of hospitalization [(11.2±1.9) versus (13.6±3.1) days] between the treatment group and the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion The pretreatment of using GnRH-a before adenomyomectomy in adenomyosis patients has benefits for implementation of surgery and reducing peri-operative and postoperative complications.

Objective To investigate which is better for gastroduodenal endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) between right lateral position and left lateral position of patients guided by nurses. Methods A total of 79 patients were randomly assigned to the left and right lateral position groups. Each patient received EUS examination in three parts, which were sinuses ventriculi, duodenal bulb and descendant duodenum. The operating time and the water volume of each patient were recorded in the procedure of EUS. Results Operating time in sinuses ventriculi, duodenal bulb and descendant duodenum of left lateral position group was (9.0±4.0) min, (6.5±3.2) min and (13.6±10.9) min, while (5.7±3.0) min, (3.6± 1.7) min and ( 6.6±5.7) min in right lateral position group, the differences were significant (t=3.098, 2.190, 3.210, P<0.05) . In the meantime, water volume was (892.0±169.5) ml, (898.6±145.9) ml and (1 012.0± 333.2) ml in sinuses ventriculi, duodenal bulb and descendant duodenum of left lateral position group, while (327.1±79.3) ml, (260.6±30.4) ml and (263.8±17.7) ml in three parts of right lateral position group, respectively. Significant differences were found in water volume among subgroups (t=13.798, 11.290, 4.930, P<0.01 or 0.05). Conclusions In the process of EUS for submucosal lesions at gastric antrum and duodenum, right lateral position instructed by nurses can shorten the operating time and make the procedure easier. This might reduce risks of regurgitation, aspiration, and other related complications.

BACKGROUND: Rehabilitation exercise and conservative treatment do not bring about good therapeutic effect for severe obstructive emphysema.And lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is an effective method for this kind of disease. How much emphysematous tissue should be resected in LVRS to achieve the best curative effect has been a concern.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pulmonary functional and alveolar morphologic changes in emphysematous rabbits after unilateral LVRS, and to compare the effects of different resection volumes.DESIGN: A completely randomized and controlled trial.SETTING: Thoracic Surgery Center of Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This study was completed at the Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery Center of Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from Frebruary 2003 to August 2003. Totally 50 New Zealand white male rabbits of cleaning grade were involved. These animals were divided randomly into groups of emphysema (A), less volume LVRS (B), middle volume LVRS (C), larger volume LVRS (D), and shame operation (E) .METHODS: Making of the rabbit emphysema model: Rabbits were put into an organic glass box and they inhaled passively smog produced from the cigarettes. Within seven weeks, 15 cigarettes (Yinxiang .Brand) were lighted for about 30 minutes every time, once per day and five times a week. Elastase for 3 mL(2000 U/kg) from porcine pancreas (SERVA Co.,Ltd) was injected into the rabbits' trachea in the fourth week. Intervention for different groups: Rabbits in Group A received no operation at all. Animals in other four groups were given general anesthesia by muscular injec tion of Sumianxin Ⅱ and they were then fixed supinely on the operation table. The rabbits were intubated with a 3-mm endotracheal tube and mechanically ventilated (HX-200 ventilator) with a tidal volume of 12 mL/kg and a respiratory rate of 40-50/minute. Thoracotomy was conducted through anterolateral incision of the fourth right intercostals area. The upper and lateral pulmonary tissues of the first lobe of the right lung were resected in Group B. For group C, the upper and lateral pulmonary tissues of the first and the second lobes of the lung were resected. For Group D, the upper and lateral pulmonary tissues of the first, second and the third lobes of the right lung were resected. The pulmonary removal was about a half of the total volume of the lobe. The specimens were removed, followed by 3-0 mattress suture of the wounds. Then, fibrin sealant was insufflated to avoid air leakage after the operation. Thoracotomies without any resection of lung parenchyma were carried out in Group E. Histologic inspection and quantitatively morphologic analysis of the left lung was postoperatively carried out eight weeks later.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quantitative analysis of pulmonary functions and alveolar morphology in rabbits with emphysema after lung volume reduction surgery with different resection volumes RESULTS: All the fifty rabbits were analyzed, and there were ten animals in each group. ① Comparison of ventilation volume in each group: In Group C, vital volume (VT), forced expiratory volume in 0.3 s (FEV0.3),FEV0.3/forced expiratory capacity (FVC) were all higher than those of Group A [(6.69±0.83) mL, (6.39±1.35) mL, (64.5±16.1)％; (5.76±0.84) mL,(5.23±1.37)mL, (50.2±15.6)％, P＜ 0.05], while functional residual capacity (FRC) was lower than that in group A [(14.3±1.9)mL; (19.3±3.1)mL, P＜ 0.05].Compared with Group A, no obvious difference in the above lung functions of Groups B, D and E was observed (P ＞0.05). ② Histopathological observation results: In group C, obvious repairs to dilatation and destruction of alveolar ducts or cyst were observed and the aggregation of macrophage and neutrophils in the end-terminal bronchiole decreased. In Group D, the inflammatory cells decreased, but alveolar destruction and dilatation became more marked. ③Comparison of the total lung capacity (TLC): TLC of Group C was less than that of group A [(42.1 ±5.8)mL, (58.5±7.6)mL, P＜ 0.05].Compared with group A, no obvious difference in the above lung functions of Groups B, D and E was observed (P ＞0.05). ④ Quantitative analysis result of alveolar morphology: The number of alveoli (Na) and density of alveolar septum (Ds) in Group C were much larger than those of group A [(17.6±3.1)/field, (18.6±2.1)％; (11.3±2.7)/field, (15.2±3.6)％, P＜ 0.05] while the diameter of the alveoli (Da) in Group C was significantly lower than those of Group A[(78.1±7.1),(93.4±10.2)μm, P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: Combination of smog and elastase successfully induced rabbit model of obstructive emphysema. Unilateral LVRS could improve emphysematous rabbits' pulmonary functions. Improved in pulmonary functions was not obvious by LVRS with less (12.5％) or larger (37.5％) resection volume of lung parenchyma. LVRS with appropriate resection volume (25％) could effectively eliminate airway inflammation, alleviate alveolar dilatation and destruction of the residual lung parenchyma, and thus improve pulmonary ventilation function.

Objective To construct eukaryotic expression bicistron plasmid vector pcDNA3.1-hOPG,and to detect the expression of the plasmid in vitro.Methods hOPG cDNA fragment was extracted from plasmid MGC:29565,amplified by PCR,and inserted into pcDNA3.1(-)vector,then identified by restriction endonuclease digestion and nucleotide sequencing.C2C12 cells were transfected with the plasmid using Lipofectamine 2000.The expression of OPG protein was detected by immunohistochemistry techniques and bone wafer pit assay.Results The constructed recombinant plasmid contained the sequence of hOPG gene.After transfection with the plasmid,active OPG protein could be expressed in C2C12 cells.Conclusion The constructed eukaryotic expression bicistron plasmid vector pcDNA3.1-hOPG can express OPG in vitro,which is the basis for further study on the treatment of bone absorption caused by abnormal activity of osteoclasts.

Objective: To evaluate the function of collagen in osteointegration and bone remodeling. Methods: Sirius-red stainning and polarized microscope were employed to investigate the collagen type I and III around titanium-implants, natural teeth and extraction sockets of rhesus mulatta. Results: More type I collagen was observed in the bone-implant interface around the middle and tip parts of implants than that of normal teeth or sockets after tooth extraction (P

Objective To study the causes, diagnosis and treatment of pancreatogenic portal hyperten-sion.Methods 20 cases of panereatogenic portal hypertension were analyzed retrospectively.Clinical features were analyzed.Results The causes of them included chronic panereatitis in 15 cases, pancreatic carcinoma in 3 cases, pancreatic tuberculosis and pancreatic injury in 2 eases.Lieneetomy was performed in all 20 cases and all with a satisfactory results.Conclusions Lienectomy is the first choice in treatment of pancreatogenic portal hy-pertension.If the primary disease being early and properly treated, surgery may be avoided.

Objective To compare bolus infusion and replenishment using real low mechanical index contrast enhanced ultrasound in assessing the change of renal cortical perfusion.Methods Using dopamine (i.v.) at the dose of 0.5,2.0,5.0μg · kg- 1 · min- 1 to change renal blood perfusion of 20 rabbits,then during bolus or contant injection of SonoVue,at coded pulse inversion mode,real-time contrast ultrasound was performed,the latter method needed destroying microbubble at a high MI when amplitude reach a steady state,then recording the replenishment,peak intensity(A) and time to peak (PPT) were obtained through raw time-intensity curve,and slope rate of TIC(k) was acquired by curve fitting,standard effective renal plasma flow(ERPF) was measured through 4-aminohippuric acid clearancerate method,meanwhile correlations between ERPF and parameters were analyzed,as well as the paired samples t test for each parameter before and after dopamine administration.Results The ascending branchs of raw TIC of bolus infusion increased sharply and were approximately straight,then descended gradually,while that of replenishment looked like two straightlines with different slopes,then stayed horizontal Both the value of A of two methods were positively correlated with ERPF ( r b =0.85,r re =0.66),and were different at the same ERPF,meanwhile the value of TTP were negatively correlated with ERPF( r b =-0.92,r re =- 0.76),and there were no statistically difference between the two methods.k from Gamma fitting was far from correct,while k from exponential fitting was apparently correlated with ERPF ( r re =0.77 ).Conclusions Both bolus injection and constant injection-replenishment method can assess renal cortical blood perfusion,TIC parameters A and TTP represent regional blood volume fraction and microbubble velocity respectively.Bolus-infusion with real low mechanical index is more precise and available.Comparing with k,TTP is more appropriate to reflect perfusion velocity.

Objective To investigate the effects of transplantated tumor capillary permeability under microbubble enhanced diagnostic ultrasound exposure.Methods Fourty eight rats were randomly divided into four groups after Walker 256 carcinomas were subcutaneousely implanted,named the control group (A),microbubbles group (B),ultrasound group (C),microbubbles and ultrasound group (D).Using Evans blue(EB) as the indicator for tumor capillary permeability,the microbubbles were injected through the vein with diagnostic ultrasound frequency as 1.75 MHz,mechanical index as 1.4.The spillover of EB was estimated under confocal laser microscope,meanwhile the contents of EB in the tumor tissues were calculated according to the standard curve and spectrophotometry.Results EB spillover was observed around the capillaries in the group D,while EB spillover was only observable on capillary in group A,B and C.The EB content was also significantly higher than those in group A,B and C.Conclusions Exposure to both diagnostic ultrasound and microbubbles results in increased capillary permeability of rat tumor tissues,which might become a potential therapeutic method on clinical chemotherapy.