Electrocardiography ; Humans ; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/therapy*

Humans ; Singapore ; Sports Medicine

INTRODUCTIONThis paper examines the incidence, mortality and survival patterns among all Chinese residents with prostate cancer reported to the Singapore Cancer Registry in Singapore from 1968 to 2002 by metastatic staging.

MATERIALS AND METHODSThis is a retrospective population-based study including all prostate cancer cases aged over 20 reported to the Singapore Cancer Registry (SCR) from 1968 to 2002 who are Singapore Chinese residents. Follow-up was ascertained by matching with the National Death Register until 2002. Metastatic status was obtained from the SCR. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates, as well as the 5-year relative survival ratios (RSRs), were obtained for each 5-year period and grouped by metastatic stage. A weighted linear regression was performed on the log-transformed age-standardised incidence and mortality rates over the study period.

RESULTSIn the most recent period of 1998 to 2002, the age-standardised incidence and mortality rates (per 100,000) for prostate cancer among the Chinese were 30.9 (95% CI, 29.1 to 32.8) and 9.6 (95% CI, 8.6 to 10.7), respectively. The percentage increase in the age-standardised incidence and age-standardised mortality rates per year were 5.6% and 6.0%, respectively, for all Chinese Singapore residents. There was an improvement in the 5-year RSRs for Chinese diagnosed with non-metastatic cases from 51.3% in 1973 to 1977, to 76.1% in 1998 to 2002. However, the RSR remains poor (range, 11.1% to 49.7%) for Chinese diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer.

CONCLUSIONSBoth age-standardised incidence and mortality rates for prostate cancer among Chinese Singapore residents are still on the rise especially since the 1990s. Since the 1990s, the improvement in RSRs was substantial for the Chinese non-metastatic cases.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; diagnosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; mortality ; Registries ; Retrospective Studies ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Survival Rate ; trends ; Young Adult

Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pacemaker, Artificial

Adult ; Exanthema ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Pruritus ; physiopathology ; Steroids ; administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome

Adult ; Aortic Valve ; diagnostic imaging ; Coronary Angiography ; instrumentation ; methods ; Fibroma ; diagnostic imaging ; Heart Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Heart Valve Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; instrumentation ; methods ; Ultrasonography

A dichotomous (2-category) outcome variable is often encountered in biomedical research, and Multiple Logistic Regression is often deployed for the analysis of such data. As Logistic Regression estimates the Odds Ratio (OR) as an effect measure, it is only suitable for case-control studies. For cross-sectional and time-to-event studies, the Prevalence Ratio and Cumulative Incidence Ratio can be estimated and easily interpreted. The logistic regression will produce the OR which is difficult to interpret in these studies. In this report, we reviewed 3 alternative multivariate statistical models to replace Logistic Regression for the analysis of data from cross-sectional and time-to-event studies, viz, Modified Cox Proportional Hazard Regression Model, Log-Binomial Regression Model and Poisson Regression Model incorporating the Robust Sandwich Variance. Although none of the models is without flaws, we conclude the last model is the most viable. A numeric example is given to compare the statistical results obtained from all 4 models.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Models, Statistical ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; methods ; Poisson Distribution ; Prevalence ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk ; Risk Assessment

Burnout, Professional ; psychology ; Health Facilities ; Health Personnel ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Organizational Policy ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Risk Management ; Singapore ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; psychology ; Workplace Violence ; prevention & control ; psychology

We report a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma arising in the perianal soft tissue in association with chronic fistula-in-ano in a 43-year-old man who had a relapse of perianal pain and bloody discharge after six years of defaulted follow-up. He underwent magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography imaging with correct identification of the disease entity on imaging. Mesh-like septations and an enhancing solid component with high diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and intermediate apparent diffusion coefficient signals were observed. He underwent abdominoperineal resection of the tumour but succumbed due to postoperative complications. Literature on the MR imaging features of this tumour remains scarce. We highlight the MR imaging features, including those seen on DWI, which were useful in making the correct diagnosis. Though uncommon, this would be an important condition to recognise since assessment of fistula-in-ano by MR imaging is considered to be the standard of care in current clinical practice. The clinical features of this entity are also briefly discussed.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; complications ; diagnosis ; Adult ; Anus Neoplasms ; complications ; diagnosis ; Chronic Disease ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Rectal Fistula ; complications ; diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed