Neurological diseases include a variety of neurodegenerative diseases and other brain damage diseases.The treatment schemes for neurological diseases are still in research.The existing clinical and basic studies have confirmed that traditional estrogen therapy has certain protective effect on the nervous system,while it increases the risk of breast or endometrial cancer.The emergence of the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) can avoid the above mentioned problems.The available studies have confirmed the protective effect of tamoxifen as a SERM on the nervous system.This paper reviews the role and functioning mechanisms of tamoxifen in the nervous system and cognitive function,aiming to provide guidance for the future application of tamoxifen in the treatment of neurological diseases and the improvement of cognitive function.
Tamoxifen/therapeutic use* ; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/therapeutic use* ; Cognition ; Nervous System

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effects of Compound Xuanju Capsule combined with tamoxifen citrate on the seminal parameters of men with idiopathic oligozoospermia.

METHODSWe equally assigned 120 men with idiopathic oligozoospermia to receive Compound Xuanju Capsule plus tamoxifen citrate (experiment group) or tamoxifen citrate alone (control group). After 3 months of medication, we compared the concentration and total number of sperm with the baseline, and analyzed the influence of the duration of natural infertility on the therapeutic effect.

RESULTSBoth the concentration and total number of sperm were significantly increased in both the experiment and the control groups after 3 months of medication as compared with the baseline (P < 0.05), and the increases were even more significant in the former than in the latter group (P < 0.05). The therapeutic efficacy was remarkably better in the patients with natural infertility < or = years than in those > 3 years (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCompound Xuanju Capsule combined with tamoxifen citrate produces satisfactory results in the treatment of idiopathic oligozoospermia, and therefore can be used as a first-line therapy for this disease.

Adult ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Oligospermia ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Tamoxifen ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of tamoxifen (TMX) combined with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on idiopathic oligoasthenospermia.

METHODSA total of 183 patients with idiopathic oligoasthenospermia were randomly divided into a TMX + CoQ10 group (n = 63), a TMX group (n = 61) and a CoQ10 group (n = 59). At the end of 3 and 6 months of treatment, semen analyses and hormone tests were performed, and the results were compared with those obtained before the treatment.

RESULTSCompared with the pre-treatment results, the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) and sperm concentration were significantly elevated in the TMX + CoQ10 and TMX groups (P < 0.05), but showed no significant difference in the CoQ10 group (P > 0.05); sperm motility and morphologically normal sperm were increased significantly in the TMX + CoQ10 and CoQ10 groups (P < 0.05), and slightly in the TMX group but with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTamoxifen combined with CoQ10 can significantly improve sperm concentration, motility and morphology in patients with idiopathic oligoasthenospermia.

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Oligospermia ; drug therapy ; Tamoxifen ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Ubiquinone ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVESTo study the inhibitory mechanism of tamoxifen on benign prostatic hyperplasia.

METHODSThe Wistar male adult rats were injected into muscle with testosterone propionate 4-6 mg/kg, simultaneously were irrigated into stomach with tamoxifen citrate 0.21 mg/kg. The partly rats of each group were decapitated at 7, 15 and 30 days, then their index numbers of prostate were calculated, and the structural changes of the prostatic histocyte were observed in the light microscopy and scan electronic microscopy.

RESULTSAt the 7th, 15th, and 30th day, the index numbers of prostate of those rats which had been injected only with testosterone propionate were higher than that of the control group and the irrigating group(P < 0.05). The hyperplasia of the prostatic epithelial cells and the ground substance of those rats, which had been irrigated with tamoxifen citrate, had not happened in light microscopy and the scan electronic microscopy.

CONCLUSIONSTamoxifen could block the effect of the estrogen, which could suppress the prostatic hyperplasia. This study could provide the experimental evidences for using Tamoxifen to treat the human benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tamoxifen ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Primary endocrine therapy (PET) is often included as a treatment option in elderly women with operable breast cancer. Elderly women tend to have pre-existing comorbidities and are often reluctant to undergo surgery. The benefit of surgery needs to be weighed against a relatively higher potential for operative morbidity and mortality, and a limited life expectancy. But while PET can provide relatively good locoregional control, it is not curative in nature and the possibility of local complications and metastasis remains. We retrospectively reviewed the outcome of PET in a series of 19 elderly women, older than 70 years of age, who had presented with operable non-metastatic breast cancer. Only about a third of these women were deemed medically unfit for surgery; the rest had declined surgery. Compliance was an issue, with almost half of these patients defaulting treatment and follow-up. Local control was achieved in most patients, but disease progression did occur in 5 patients. Three of these patients received additional treatment; which included surgery in 1 patient. PET should therefore not be considered an equivalent alternative to surgery in elderly women who were fi t to undergo surgery. However, having observed that only 1 of the 6 deaths in our study was related to breast cancer, PET does have a role in women whose life expectancy is more likely to be limited by coexisting morbidities than the breast cancer itself.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy ; utilization ; Female ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tamoxifen ; therapeutic use

BACKGROUNDRetroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is an uncommon disease that is characterized by development of fibrosclerotic tissues involving retroperitoneal structures. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of 30 patients with RPF in a single center in Beijing in a 10-year period.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed clinical data on demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, radiological findings, modalities of treatments, outcomes and prognosis of 30 patients with RPF. Patients were treated in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital between January 2003 and December 2013.

RESULTSThe mean age of patients with RPF was 56.7 ± 14.4 years. Twenty-three patients were men and seven patients were women. Acute phase reactants were elevated in most patients. Rheumatic factor was positive in 4/25 (16.0%) patients, and antinuclear antibody was positive in 6/22 (27.3%) patients. Elevation of IgG4 was observed in 9/22 (40.9%) patients. The most common type was I + III (n = 13), followed by I + II + III (n = 12). Five patients undertook an 18 F-fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography examination and increased uptake was detected in four patients. Eight patients received combination therapy with glucocorticoids and tamoxifen. Surgical intervention treatments included intraureteral double-J stent implantation (n = 26), percutaneous nephrostomy (n = 2), open ureterolysis and intraperitonealization of the ureters (n = 5) and laparoscopic ureterolysis and intraperitonealization of the ureters (n = 5). Three patients underwent hemodialysis because of renal failure.

CONCLUSIONSClinical characteristics of RPF patients in our study are similar to those previously reported. Steroids and immunosuppressive therapy combined with ureterolysis could be a viable choice of treatment for RPF. More prospective, multi-center studies with a longer follow-up are warranted.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retroperitoneal Fibrosis ; blood ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Tamoxifen ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Sclerosing mesenteritis is a rare inflammatory disease of the bowel mesentery. It produces tumor-like masses of the mesentery composed of varying degrees of fibrosis, chronic inflammation, and fat necrosis. It has been described variously as fibrosing mesenteritis, retractile mesenteritis, mesenteric Weber Christian disease, and systemic nodular panniculitis. The etiology and pathogenesis of the disease are as yet unknown, but autoimmune disorder, previous abdominal surgery, trauma, and ischemia could play a role. The clinical features include abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. Occasionally, patients with this condition may present with bowel obstruction. Rarely, It can be associated with other idiopathic inflammatory disorders such as retroperitoneal fibrosis, sclerosing cholangitis, and orbital pseudotumors. We report a case of idiopathic sclerosing mesenteritis with retroperitoneal fibrosis in a 58-year-old man.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Panniculitis, Peritoneal/complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Prednisolone/therapeutic use ; Retroperitoneal Fibrosis/complications/*diagnosis/pathology ; Tamoxifen/therapeutic use ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; secondary ; surgery ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; methods ; Early Detection of Cancer ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Tamoxifen ; therapeutic use ; Taxoids ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic effect of natural vitamin E (VitE) on oligospermia and asthenospermia in in- fertile men.

METHODSWe conducted a prospective multi-centered randomized controlled study on 64 infertile men with oligospermia (31 as controls treated with Tamoxifen 10 mg bid and 33 as experimental cases treated with Tamoxifen 10 mg bid + VitE 100 mg tid) and 42 cases of asthenospermia (20 as controls treated with Levocarnitine oral solution 1 bottle bid and 22 as experimental cases treated with Levocarnitine oral solution 1 bottle bid + VitE 100 mg tid). We compared the control and experimental groups in sperm concentration and percentage of progressively motile sperm before and 3 months after medication, as well as the rate of clinical pregnancy and adverse events.

RESULTSAmong the oligospermia patients, the average sperm concentrations in the control and experimental groups were 8.00 x 10(6)/ml and 10.66 x 10(6)/ml before medication (P > 0.05). After medication, the numbers of cases evaluated as with no, slight, moderate and marked improvement in sperm concentration were 10 and 9 (P > 0.05), 16 and 14 (P > 0.05), 5 and 4 (P > 0.05) and 0 and 0 (P >0.05); and the numbers of natural pregnancies were 0 and 6 in the control and experimental groups (P < 0.01). Among the asthenospermia patients, the average rates of progressively motile sperm were 17.00% and 18.10% in the control and experimental groups before medication (P > 0.05). After medication, the numbers of cases evaluated as with no, slight, moderate and marked improvement in the percentage of progressively motile sperm were 7 and 2 (P < 0.01), 4 and 8 (P < 0.01), 3 and 2 (P > 0.05) and 1 and 1 (P > 0.05), and the numbers of natural pregnancies were 5 and 9 in the two groups (P < 0.01), but no adverse events were observed.

CONCLUSIONAs a safe and effective adjuvant agent for the treatment of oligospermia and asthenospermia, vitamin E can improve sperm concentration, the percentage of progressively motile sperm, and finally the rate of natural pregnancy.

Adult ; Asthenozoospermia ; drug therapy ; Carnitine ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oligospermia ; drug therapy ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Prospective Studies ; Tamoxifen ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitamin E ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tamoxifen ; therapeutic use ; Trastuzumab