OBJECTIVETo understand the process of Cistanche tubulosa.

METHODThe process of seed germination and parasitism was observed using stereomicroscope.

RESULTSeedling of C. tubulosa sprouted after forty day without host root's contact in fields, a tube-like-organ formed and grew auger-type from host root, the tuber apex where touches host root swelled and formed haustorium. Haustorium intruded host root epidermis and vascular bundles, and released brown substances. Then, embryo bud with six or more young leaves formed, finally the swelled tuber-like-organ broken and seed coat shed. Due to the parasitism of C. tubulosa, the host root near stem site swelled, but the other part, shrunk and disappered gradually.

CONCLUSIONSeed of C. tubulosa could germinate indepently in fields. Tuber-like-organ formatin, haustorium formation and bud formation are key steps of C. tubulosa seedling development.

Cistanche ; growth & development ; Germination ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Seeds ; growth & development ; Symbiosis ; Tamaricaceae ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo increase inoculation rate of Cistanche tubulosa in the field by studying inoculation technologies.

METHODRoot-tube inoculation methed was used on field experiments. Inoculation rate of C. tubulosa was compared to different size seeds and inoculation mediums and inoculation time.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONMay is suitable inoculation time. The inoculation rate of C. tubulosa is 92.5% while the seed width is more than 0.7 mm and coarse sand is selected during inoculation period.

Cistanche ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Seasons ; Seeds ; growth & development ; Symbiosis ; Tamaricaceae ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents in the leaves and branches of Myricaria alopecuroides.

METHODSolvent extraction method was employed to extract and partition. The chemical constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, highly porous resin HP-20. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of physiochemical properties and spectral analysis.

RESULTEleven compounds were isolated from this plant and identified as ellagic acid 3,3',4-trimethylether (1), ellagic acid 3,3'-dimethylether (2), isorhamnetin (3), kaempferol (4), 3, 5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (5), daucosterol (6), 6,7,10-trihydroxy-8-octadecenoic acid (7), quercetin (8), gallic acid (9), palmitic acid (10), hexadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (11).

CONCLUSIONExcept 8 and 9, all compounds were isolated from M. alopecuroides for the first time. Compound 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 11 were obtained from the genus Myricaria for the frist time.

Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Tamaricaceae ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Myricaria bracteata.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and the structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.

RESULTEleven compounds were obtained and identified as rhamnetin, 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavone, 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, kaempferol, quercetin, chrysoerio, gallic acid, gallic acid ethylester, beta-sitosterol, daucosterol.

CONCLUSIONAll compounds were obtained from M. bracteata for the first time.

Flavones ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Monosaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Tamaricaceae ; chemistry

Gene chip technology was employed to study gene expression in Tamarix androssowii under NaHCO3 stress. cDNAs from T. androssowii treated with NaHCO3 solution and that from control group were labeled with fluorescent dye CyS and Cy3 respectively. The two fluorescent cDNA probes were mixed and hybridized to gene chips containing T. androssowii genes, and the chips were scanned using biochip scanning system. Differential expression of genes was analyzed through calculation of the ratio of Cy5 to Cy3 signal intensities. Total of 89 genes differentially expressed were identified, among them, 27 showed down regulated expression and 62 showed up regulated expression. Blastx analysis showed that the function of the differentially expressed genes could be grouped into some categorizations such as photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species eliminated, regulation of osmotic potential, regulation of gene expression and signal transduction, metabolism, development, ribosomal protein, protein breakdown and recycling, transporter, water channel proteins and so on. Based on this research, some function-unknown or novel unreported genes that respond to salt stress were also identified, and these genes may have important functions in salt resistance of T. androssowii. Some important pathways of salt resistance in T. androssowii are revealed, and the gene expression profiling of T. androssowii under salt stress and without stress is obtained in this study.
DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; methods ; Genes, Plant ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Sodium Bicarbonate ; pharmacology ; Stress, Physiological ; Tamaricaceae ; drug effects ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Myricaria paniculata.

METHODSilica gel column chromatography was used to separate and purify the chemical constituents, and the structures were elucidated by spectral analysis.

RESULTFour compounds were isolated from the petroleum ether soluble portion, identified as 28-aldehyde-taraxerenone (1), 28-hydroxy-taraxerenone (2), epi-friedelanol (3), 4-methyl stigmast-7-en-3-ol (4). Three compounds were isolated from the EtOAc soluble portion, identified as morelloflavone (5), methyl 3, 5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate (6), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy cinnamic acid (7).

CONCLUSIONAll of these compounds were isolated from the genus for the first time.

Biflavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Cinnamates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Tamaricaceae ; chemistry

OBJECTIVEIt could give some theory support of confirming the secondary metabolism organ and regulation of echinacoside in Cistanche tubulosa by searching parasitic growth of C. tubulosa ahd echinacoside variation in different organs of host and parasite.

METHODThe echinacoside content was analyzed by HPLC. The relationship between dry matter accumulation and echinacoside accumulation of C. tubulosa as the well as root diameter of host were comparatively analyzed.

RESULTWith the increase of dry matter accumulation of C. tubulosa, echinacoside accumulation increased significantly, and both of them were in significantly positive correlated with the root diameter of host. Echinacoside content in haustorium phloem was 15.53%, higher than that of haustorium xylem, C. tubulosa plant and other organs.

CONCLUSIONHaustorium phloem was probably the secondary metabolism organ of echinacoside in C. tubulosa.

Cistanche ; growth & development ; metabolism ; physiology ; Glycosides ; metabolism ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Plant Leaves ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; anatomy & histology ; metabolism ; Plant Stems ; metabolism ; Tamaricaceae ; anatomy & histology ; metabolism ; parasitology

OBJECTIVETo study genetic difference of Cistanche tubulosa that parasites on different Tamarixs and give a reference to select host of C. tubulosa.

METHODSixteen selected primers by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze genetic distance of C. tubulosa that parasites on eight different hosts.

RESULTSixty-six point seven percent of the total bands were polymorphic, that proved the genetic diversity level in different C. tubulosa types was relatively high, especially the two that parasites on Tamarix hispida and T. chinensis. Cultural areas had more remarkable influence on genetic distance of Cistanche tubulosa than the hosts, and introduction was helpful to maintain the more genetic diversity in different C. tubulosa types. Genetic difference in different C. tubulosa types was far less than that between different species in Cistanche.

CONCLUSIONC. tubulosa types which parasite on different Tamarixs have high genetic diversity.

Cistanche ; genetics ; physiology ; DNA, Plant ; analysis ; Genetic Variation ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; Tamaricaceae ; classification ; genetics ; physiology

To study the chemical constituents of the branches of Tamarix rasissima, repeated silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and recrystallization were applied for chemical constituents isolation and purification. Ten phenolic compounds were isolated from the n-BuOH fraction and their structures were elucidated by physical properties and spectra analysis such as UV, ESI-MS and NMR as monodecarboxyellagic acid (1), ellagic acid (2), 3, 3'-di-O-methylellagic acid (3), 3, 3'-di-O-methylellagic acid-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), 3, 3'-di-O-methylellagic acid-4'-O-alpha-D-arabinfuranoside (5), ferulic acid (6), isoferulic acid (7), caffeic acid (8), 4-O-acetyl-caffeic acid (9), and 4-methyl-1, 2-benzenediol (10). All compounds except for isoferulic acid were isolated firstly from this plant except for isoferulic acid, and compounds 5, 9 and 10 were obtained from Tamarix genus for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Phenols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tamaricaceae ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo analyze the inoculation ratio and echinacoside content of Cistanche tubulosa and provide theoretical basis for Tamarix introduction, resource protection and screening of C. tubulosa.

METHOD8 Tamarix species were introduced in the North China Plain and inoculation of C. tubulosa was conducted on all species. Phenylethanoid glycosides fingerprinting and echinacoside content of C. tubulosa were analyzed by using HPLC.

RESULTThe adaptability of 8 Tamarix species were significantly different, phenylethanoid glycosides component of C. tubulosa on T. gansuensis and T. austromongolica were basically identical in contrast to T. chinensis, echinacoside content showed no obvious difference in C. tubulosa plant growing 4 months.

CONCLUSIONT. gansuensis and T. Austromongolica are suitable for the host introduction plant of C. tubulosa resource protection and screening in North China Plain.

China ; Cistanche ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Glycosides ; analysis ; Phenols ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Rain ; Soil ; Tamaricaceae ; classification ; growth & development