During 1962-83, we had a total of 104 ankle fracture cases, of which a half were treated by surgical operation. Since 1981, Zuggurtungsosteosyntheses have been employed in most of the cases for fixing fractures instead of screws.
In this method, special devices are not necessary except for Kirschner steel wires and clamping wires. Moreover, after surgery, external support by the plaster of paris is not necessary, because compression is continuously applied on the surface of the fracture. Exercises to strengthen the injured ankle can be begnu early.
In these cases treated with the Zuggurtungsosteosynthese method, postoperative prognosis has been very good. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of this modality in the treatment of ankle fractures.
We also discuss the use of tapes which we have recently adopted to immobilize simple and minor ankle fractures not requiring a surgical operation.

Bilateral shoulder joint disorders caused by rheumatoid arthritis significantly impair daily functioning owing to a lack of contralateral compensation. In Japan, reverse shoulder joint prostheses were approved in 2014. This was expected to improve the surgical outcomes of rheumatoid shoulder arthroplasty. We report two patients with rheumatoid arthritis who underwent bilateral reverse shoulder arthroplasty. This study aims to evaluate their postoperative clinical outcomes and activities of daily living. The patients were women in their 70s with stage III class 2 rheumatoid arthritis. Their treatment and postoperative activities of daily living were retrospectively reviewed. The first patient underwent the inlay type and experienced a residual limitation of external rotation postoperatively; therefore, she was restricted to dress with front-open clothes. However, she was able to undress after the lining of the garment was changed to a slippery material. The second patient underwent the onlay type and showed almost no limitations in postoperative activities of daily living. She was able to undress with an external rotation of 40–50°. Bilateral reverse shoulder arthroplasty improved range of motion, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association shoulder score, and functional outcomes. Only a few difficulties were encountered in the activities of daily living.

Objective: Treatment options for patients with rheumatoid arthritis on maintenance hemodialysis with an inadequate response to biologic agents have not been reported. In this report, we describe two patients who achieved remission after treatment with peficitinib.Methods: Two 69- and 85-year-old patients with rheumatoid arthritis on maintenance hemodialysis were previously treated with biologics and started on peficitinib 100 mg/day after the secondary failure of biologics.Discussion: In the two cases presented here, rheumatoid arthritis was almost in remission and there were no adverse events, although the patients were switched to peficitinib after secondary failure of the biologic agents. Among Janus kinase inhibitors, peficitinib has the lowest renal excretion; therefore, its administration in patients on dialysis is not contraindicated according to the package insert in Japan. The use of biologic agents in patients on hemodialysis has been reported to be associated with a high incidence of infections; therefore, care should be taken to avoid infections when administering Janus kinase inhibitors.Conclusion: Janus kinase inhibitors with low renal excretion, such as peficitinib, may be effective in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on maintenance hemodialysis who have an inadequate response to biologic agents.