The authors' developed a new methods of preparing and inserting intradermal needles for small experimental animals.
To create the new type of needle, the tip of a filiform needle (0.14mm in diameter) was pinched into a wavy shape using mosquito forceps. A length of about 1.5mm of this wavy section was then cut off and used as an intradermal needle.
Designated areas of the mice were depilated, and the acupoints marked. For insertion, an injection needle (27 gauge) was used to penetrate directly beneath the marked point, starting from slightly above the marking. The wavy needle was then inserted into the tip of the injection needle and a filiform needle (0.18mm in diameter; adjusted length) used to push the wavy needle out, thereby inserting it into the intended point.
Using this method, insertion of the needles was easily carried out, and they stayed in places. This method therefore seems to be highly applicable for the insertion of intradermal needles in experimental animals.

Purpose: Primary tumor location of colon cancer has been reported to affect the prognosis after curative resection. However, some reports suggested the impact was varied by tumor stage. This study analyzed the prognostic impact of the sidedness of colon cancer in stages II, III, and liver metastasis after curative resection using propensity-matched analysis. Methods: Right-sided colon cancer was defined as a tumor located from cecum to splenic flexure, while any more distal colon cancer was defined as left-sided colon cancer. Patients who underwent curative resection at Nara Medical University hospital between 2000 and 2016 were analyzed. Results: There were 110 patients with stage II, 100 patients with stage III, and 106 patients with liver metastasis. After propensity matching, 28 pairs with stage II and 32 pairs with stage III were identified. In the patients with stage II, overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were not significantly different for right- and left-sided colon cancers. In the patients with stage III, OS and RFS were significantly worse in right-sided colon cancer. In those with liver metastasis, OS of right-sided colon cancer was significantly worse than left-sided disease, while RFS was similar. Regarding metachronous liver metastasis, the difference was observed only in the patients whose primary colon cancer was stage III. In each stage, significantly higher rate of peritoneal recurrence was found in those with right-sided colon cancer. Conclusion Sidedness of colon cancer had a significant and varied prognostic impact in patients with stage II, III, and liver metastasis after curative resection.

Objective : Risk factors for SSI after open heart surgeries were evaluated in relation to a bundle of SSI preventive measures. Methods : Research design is a retrospective cohort study. The study population was 1,579 patients who had received open heart surgeries at Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital from January 2008 to December 2010 (Period I : when standard infection prevention measures were implemented) and from January 2014 to December 2016 (Period II : after a relocation of the hospital to a new campus and enhanced infection prevention measures were implemented). Factors associated with SSI were determined using univariate modelling analysis followed by multi-variate logistic regression analysis. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention definition of SSI was used for case determination. Results : Overall SSI incidence was 4.5%. SSI incidence decreased significantly from 6.6% in Period I to 2.9% in Period II (p＜0.001). Significant improvement in adherence to the recommended preventive measures was observed in Period II in selection of appropriate antibiotics, discontinuation of prophylactic antibiotics within 72 h after surgery and glucose control on post-operative Day 1 and 2 (p＜0.001). A univariate analysis showed statistical significance in surgical procedure, surgical period, surgical duration, post-operative day 2 morning glucose level, administration of prophylactic antibiotics within 1 h before incision, 100% compliance with the Bundle. Complex surgery (odds ratio 2.5 ; 95%CI 1.3～4.8) were identified as a risk factor by multiple logistic regression. Surgical period (Period II, odds ratio 0.41 ; 95%CI 0.28～30.71) and administration of prophylactic antibiotics within 1 h before incision (odds ratio 0.57 ; 95%CI 0.33～0.97) reduced SSI risks. Conclusion : The study demonstrated administration of prophylactic antibiotics within 1 h before incision was particularly important for SSI prevention. Higher compliance with SSI bundle and a special attention to patients receiving complex surgery were also warranted.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between toe muscular strengths and single and/or repetitive jump performances on different directions (vertical or horizontal) in athletes. Thirty two male collegiate students participated (athletes group n=24, control group n=8). Two types of measurements were performed to evaluate toe muscular strengths: toe pushing force (TPF) with the metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) at neutral position (0°) and the MPJ in the dorsiflexed position (45°). Jump performances were assessed by press jump (vertical jump and standing broad jump) that measures jumping height or distance, and rebound jump (rebound jump and repetitive hopping) that measures “RJ-index” (the jumping height divided by the contact time). Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationship between the toe muscular strengths and the performances of each jumping test. There were significant correlations between TPF with the MPJ in the dorsiflexed position and the performances of the repetitive hopping and rebound jump in athletes (P<0.05), but no significant correlations were found in controls. Also, there were no significant correlation between TPF and the performances of vertical jump and standing broad jump of all groups. These results suggest that, TPF in the dorsiflexed positions is one of the indicators that affect repetitive jump performance.