Introduction: Amyloidosis is a variety of symptoms, such as organ failure and peripheral neuropathy amyroid protein is deposited in the systemic organs. We report a case of ketamine was effective for vulba referred pain in end stage. Case report: A 72-year-old male patient in end-stage primary generalized amyloid light-chain amyloidosis experienced excruciating pain in his genitalia about four times daily, lasting from tens of seconds to three minutes. No abnormal findings were noted in the genitalia. Bowel movement and large amounts of peritoneal dialysis fluid triggered excessive traction of the glans penis, which caused the excruciating pain. Referred pain originating from the pelvic plexus was suspected. Continuous infusion of ketamine was started at 50 mg/day for pain relief, which eliminated his pain, and the patient passed away 17 days later. Conclusion: The reason a small dosage of ketamine was effective, we consider there is a possibility of recovery from central sensitization effect of NMDA receptor antagonist worked effectively.

Retrograde myocardial protection plays an important role in cardiac surgery and is widely used. We herein report a rare cardiac surgical case complicated with small coronary sinus ostium in which the cannula of retrograde cardioplegia could not be inserted. A 58 years old man was referred for the treatment of regurgitation and aortic regurgitation. Preoperative ECG gated computed tomography (CT) showed that the orifice of the largest coronary sinus was located in the right atrium with a diameter of only 4 mm with an other 3 smaller orifice in the right atrium and ventricle, which appeared to make it difficult to perform retrograde myocardial protection. The operative finding was consistent with the preoperative CT finding and mitral valve repair and aortic valve replacement were performed using only selective antegrade myocardial protection. We should bear in mind that small coronary ostium exists and preoperative assessment of the size of coronary sinus might be important.

We herein report a rare case of unruptured, giant left coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm and discuss surgical pitfalls associated with sinus of Valsalva aneurysms. A 63-year-old man was referred to us for clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment of a huge mass in the mediastinum. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed that the mass was a left coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm with a diameter of 74×57 mm ; moreover, the left coronary artery originated from the aneurysmal wall. In addition, echocardiography showed moderate aortic regurgitation (AR) caused by dilatation of the aortic annulus. Based on these findings, the Bentall procedure was selected for the Valsalva aneurysm and significant AR. The orifice of the aneurysm was 15×15 mm in size, and the aortic wall of the left coronary sinus was relatively thin. The left main trunk was injured due to severe adhesion between the trunk and the aneurysm ; therefore, vein patch repair was performed with a saphenous vein graft. Since the aortic annulus of the left coronary cusp was fragile, proximal anastomosis of the composite graft to the lesion had to be placed in the fibrous continuity between the aortic and mitral valves. With respect to the proximal anastomosis at the aortic annulus of the left coronary cusp, the suture line was covered with a bovine pericardium patch as there were no remnants of the normal aortic wall. The postoperative course was uneventful, and postoperative CT revealed complete resection of the aneurysm with no evidence of stenosis of the left main trunk.

Objective: To identify factors affecting adherence to medication, a subjective questionnaire survey was administered to schizophrenia patients regarding the prescribed antipsychotic formulations. Methods: We evaluated the patients’ satisfaction and dissatisfaction with prescribed antipsychotic formulations, and patients answered the Drug Attitude Inventory-10 Questionnaire (DAI-10). Inclusion criteria for patients are as follows:age between 20 and 75 years and taking antipsychotic agents containing the same ingredients and formulations, for at least 1 month. Results: In total, 301 patients answered the questionnaire survey. Tablets were found to be the most commonly used antipsychotic formulations among schizophrenia patients (n = 174, 57.8%), followed by long-acting injections (LAIs, n = 93, 30.9%). No significant differences in the formulation satisfaction level and DAI-10 scores were observed between all formulations. Formulations, except for LAI, were selected by physicians in more than half of the patients.Patients who answered “Decided by consultation with physicians” had significantly higher satisfaction levels and DAI-10 scores compared to those who answered “Decided by physicians” (4.11 ± 0.77 vs. 3.80 ± 1.00, p = 0.0073 and 6.20 ± 3.51 vs. 4.39 ± 4.56, p ＜ 0.001, respectively). Satisfaction levels moderately correlated with DAI-10 scores (r = 0.48, p ＜ 0.001). Conclusion No formulation had a high satisfaction level in all patients, and it is important to be reflect the patients’ individual preferences in pharmacotherapy. Shared decision-making in the selection of the formulations is seen to be useful for improving medication adherence.

Although cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been shown to improve exercise tolerance and prognosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases, there remains low participation in outpatient CR. This may be attributed to the patients’ busy schedules and difficulty in visiting the hospital due to distance, cost, avoidance of exercise, and severity of coronary disease. To overcome these challenges, many countries are exploring the possibility of remote CR. Specifically, there is increasing attention on the development of remote CR devices, which allow transmission of vital information to the hospital via a remote CR application linked to a wearable device for telemonitoring by dedicated hospital staff. In addition, remote CR programs can support return to work after hospitalization. Previous studies have demonstrated the effects of remote CR on exercise tolerance. However, the preventive effects of remote CR on cardiac events and mortality remain controversial. Thus, safe and effective remote CR requires exercise risk stratification for each patient, telenursing by skilled staff, and multidisciplinary interventions. Therefore, quality assurance of telenursing and multi-disciplinary interventions will be essential for remote CR. Remote CR may become an important part of cardiac management in the future. However, issues such as costeffectiveness and insurance coverage still persist.

A 75-year-old male with a previous history of coronary artery bypass grafting (LITA-LAD, RITA-RA-4PD-14PL) was referred to our hospital for congestive heart failure. Cardiac workup revealed severe ischemic mitral regurgitation which required surgical correction. His preoperative coronary arterial computed tomography demonstrated total occlusion of both orifices of the native coronary arteries, and the complete dependence of his myocardial blood supply on the patent bypass grafts without any evidence of ischemia. Therefore, antegrade cardioplegia could not be applied for cardiac protection during the procedure. Continuous retrograde cardioplegia was planned to be applied in a case where both arterial grafts could be dissected and clamped whereas systemic hyperkalemia and mild hypothermia would be applied in case where the clamp would be impossible. Intraoperatively, both arterial grafts could be dissected and clamped and we performed mitral annuloplasty and tricuspid annuloplasty using continuous retrograde cardioplegia. The patient could be weaned off cardiopulmonary bypass without difficulty, and his postoperative course was uneventful. We conclude that continuous retrograde cardioplegia is a safe and viable option, especially when antegrade cardioplegia is not securely delivered due to an occluded coronary ostia.