To evaluate training methods for basic clinical skills before bedside learning, we used questionnaires to ask students and instructors their opinions about the fixed-instructor system, in which one instructor teaches the entire course, and the rotation system, in which instructors share responsibilities for teaching according to their specialty. Students had positive impressions of training with both systems. Many students felt that communication with in structors was good inthe fixed-instructor system and that the specialized education provided by multiple instructors was good in the rotation system. However, students expressed dissatisfaction about differences in educational content between the systems. Instructors believed an advantage of the fixed-instructor system was that skills learned could be applied to all medical fields, whereas the rotation system made teaching easier because it was specialized. On the basis of this investigation, we conclude that training should establish good communication between instructors and students and should include the required educational contents. We also found that unifying educational contents is difficult, regardless of the training system. Few reports about educational methods used to teach basic clinical skills have been published in Japan, but studies focusing on this issue are becoming increasingly necessary.

A 31-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a sudden onset of chest pain and dyspnea. Echocardiography, chest CT, and chest MRI revealed a huge mass in the right atrium. She underwent pericardial drainage to alleviate cardiac tamponade. Emergency surgery was performed because of superior vena cava syndrome and the risk of tricuspid valve obstruction by the mass. The tumor was resected en bloc, including the right atrial wall and a large segment of the proximal superior vena cava. The right atrium was then reconstructed with a Xenomedica patch and the superior vena cava was reconstructed using an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) vascular graft. The pathological diagnosis was haemangiosarcoma. Cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare tumor, and its prognosis is very poor. The patient could survive for about 5 months after surgical resection.

1) We investigated the patients'evaluations of the students, our management of the medical training, and the patients' recognition of our outpatient clinic education. We then requested the patients to give their opinions regarding such interviews.
2) The patients'evaluations of the outpatient clinic and the patients'recognition of our outpatient clinic education were relatively good, but some patients complained about the short duration of medical care and also expressed anxiety over the students'medical interview.
3) Many patients expressed the desire to positively participate in medical education because the patients had high expectations of the medical students.In addition, this interview training fulfilled the patients'desire to be listened to and have their concerns acknowledged.

BACKGROUND: In general practice, though patients often stop visiting ambulatory clinics of their own vo-lition despite the need for ongoing medical treatment, there is little reported research on the reasons for nonattendance in Japan. In this study, we investigated whether the patient/doctor relationship influences nonattendance rates in general practice. In addition, we investigated the reasons why patients stopped visiting the hospital.
METHODS: We collected data from 115 patients (58 males, 57 females; age range: 16 to 94 years old, median age: 52 years old) whose initial diagnoses were made in our department from June to July 2000. We classified the patients into five groups based on the level of their complaints concerning the initial consultation (‘A’ representing the highest degree of complaint, ‘E’ representing the lowest) and determined the relationship between the strength of complaints and the non-attendance rate. Furthermore, we investigated the reasons for non-attendance concerning 28 patients who stopped visiting the hospital from April 2000 to November 2001.
RESULTS: The non-attendance rates were 0% (014) for group A, 14.3% (2114) for group B, 5.6% (5189) for group C, 33.3% (216) for group D, and 50% (1/2) for group E. The rate tended to be higher in groups with fewer complaints. The reasons for non-attendance were the following: remission of symptoms (9 patients), request for another hospital or department (6 patients), relief due to consultation at the university hospital (6 patients), and lack of time to come to the particular hospital (5 patients) . In contrast, the most common reason for satisfaction at the time of consultation was ‘enough explanation and listening to complaints well’ in 7 of 11 patients who were satisfied with the consultation.
CONCLUSIONS: The level of patient's complaints at the time of consultation is related to the non-attendance rate. However, sufficient explanation about symptoms and careful listening to complaints are important for establishing a good patient/doctor relationship.

　　Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a spindle-shaped facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative rod in the oral cavity of dogs and cats. C. canimorsus rarely infects humans through an animal bite or scratch. However, it leads to severe sepsis once infection occurs, and the fatality rate is estimated to be up to 30%. The patient was a 56-year-old man with fatigue and fever. Sepsis with thrombocytopenia was suspected from the blood examination results. We decided to conduct microscopic examination of a non-stained peripheral blood smear and identified bacteria; therefore, Gram stain was immediately performed and spindle-shaped Gram-negative bacilli were detected. Additionally, the patient had a history of a bite and scratch by his cat. We suspected C. canimorsus infection from the microscopic examination findings and history. Moreover, we determined early that the pathogenic bacterium was C. canimorsus by blood culture. With immediate and proper treatment based on these results, we could rescue this septic patient with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Microscopic examination of non-stained peripheral blood smear is helpful for the early diagnosis of C. canimorsus infection.

Typical cases of neuralgic amyotrophy present with sudden onset of excruciating pain in the shoulders and upper extremities, followed by marked muscle weakness and atrophy over a period of hours to days. Neuralgic amyotrophy is not confined to the brachial plexus, and difficulties in its diagnosis may delay the start of rehabilitation therapy. Here, we report a case of rehabilitation of a patient with neuralgic amyotrophy presenting with Collet-Sicard syndrome (9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th cranial nerve disorder)．A 44-year-old man developed severe pain from the left posterior neck to the occipital region, followed by sporadic onset of dysarthria, dysphagia, and difficulty in raising the left upper limb over several weeks. Nerve conduction studies showed marked bilateral differences in the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential recorded from the trapezius during accessory nerve stimulation. Needle electromyography showed abnormal resting potentials in the left trapezius and left side of the tongue and a decrease in the interference pattern during voluntary contraction. Based on the clinical course, neurological and laboratory findings, a diagnosis of neuralgic amyotrophy was made. Speech language hearing therapy was performed for dysarthria and dysphagia, and physical therapy was performed for difficulty in raising the left upper limb due to accessory nerve palsy. Rehabilitation along with recovery from inflammation-induced neuropathy allowed the patient to become independent in activities of daily living.

Typical cases of neuralgic amyotrophy present with sudden onset of excruciating pain in the shoulders and upper extremities, followed by marked muscle weakness and atrophy over a period of hours to days. Neuralgic amyotrophy is not confined to the brachial plexus, and difficulties in its diagnosis may delay the start of rehabilitation therapy. Here, we report a case of rehabilitation of a patient with neuralgic amyotrophy presenting with Collet-Sicard syndrome (9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th cranial nerve disorder)．A 44-year-old man developed severe pain from the left posterior neck to the occipital region, followed by sporadic onset of dysarthria, dysphagia, and difficulty in raising the left upper limb over several weeks. Nerve conduction studies showed marked bilateral differences in the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential recorded from the trapezius during accessory nerve stimulation. Needle electromyography showed abnormal resting potentials in the left trapezius and left side of the tongue and a decrease in the interference pattern during voluntary contraction. Based on the clinical course, neurological and laboratory findings, a diagnosis of neuralgic amyotrophy was made. Speech language hearing therapy was performed for dysarthria and dysphagia, and physical therapy was performed for difficulty in raising the left upper limb due to accessory nerve palsy. Rehabilitation along with recovery from inflammation-induced neuropathy allowed the patient to become independent in activities of daily living.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To determine the nutritional markers important for assessing the degree of pancreatic insufficiency due to chronic pancreatitis in routine clinical practice. METHODS: A total of 137 patients with chronic pancreatitis were followed up for more than 1 year. They were divided into two groups: a pancreatic diabetes mellitus (DM) group, consisting of 47 patients undergoing medical treatment for DM of pancreatic origin, and a nonpancreatic DM group, consisting of 90 other patients (including 86 patients without DM). Serum albumin, prealbumin, total cholesterol, cholinesterase, magnesium, and hemoglobin were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The total cholesterol was significantly lower in the pancreatic than the nonpancreatic DM group (164 mg/dL vs 183 mg/dL, respectively; p=0.0028). Cholinesterase was significantly lower in the former group (263 U/L vs 291 U/L, respectively; p=0.016). Among the 37 patients with nonalcoholic pancreatitis, there was no difference in the cholinesterase levels between the pancreatic and nonpancreatic (296 U/L vs 304 U/L, respectively; p=0.752) DM groups, although cholesterol levels remained lower in the former (165 mg/dL vs 187 mg/dL, respectively; p=0.052). CONCLUSIONS: Cholinesterase levels are possibly affected by concomitant alcoholic liver injury. The total cholesterol level should be considered when assessing pancreatic insufficiency due to chronic pancreatitis.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cholesterol/*blood ; Cholinesterases/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency/*blood/etiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutritional Status ; Pancreas/enzymology ; Pancreatitis, Alcoholic/blood/complications ; Pancreatitis, Chronic/blood/*complications ; Serum Albumin/analysis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Stent migration occurs frequently, but the prevention of complications resulting from covered self-expandable metal stents (C-SEMSs) remains unresolved. We prospectively assessed a newly developed C-SEMS, a modified covered Zeo stent (m-CZS), in terms of its antimigration effect. METHODS: Between February 2010 and January 2011, an m-CZS was inserted into 42 patients (31 initial drainage cases and 11 reintervention cases) at a tertiary referral center and three affiliated hospitals. The laser-cut stent was flared for 1.5 cm at both ends, with a 1 cm raised bank located 1 cm in from each flared end. The main outcome of this study was the rate of stent migration, and secondary outcomes were the rate of recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO), the time to RBO, the frequencies of complications, and overall survival. RESULTS: Of the 31 patients with initial drainage, stent migration occurred in four (12.9%, 95% confidence interval, 5.1% to 29.0%), with a mean time of 131 days. RBO occurred in 18 (58%), with a median time to RBO of 107 days. Following previous C-SEMS migration, seven of 10 patients (70%) did not experience m-CZS migration until death. CONCLUSIONS: m-CZSs with antimigration properties effectively, although not completely, prevented stent migration after stent insertion.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alloys ; Carcinoma/*complications ; Cholestasis/etiology/*therapy ; Digestive System Neoplasms/*complications ; Drainage ; Equipment Design ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Prosthesis Failure ; Recurrence ; Reoperation ; *Stents/adverse effects ; Time Factors